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WEST VIRGINIA

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

PART I.

The Living Flora of West Virginia

By
C. F. MILLSPAUGH

PART II.

The Fossil Flora of West Virginia

By
DAVID WHITE

I. C. WHITE, State Geologist.

.H5I5

WHEELING NEWS LITHO.
WHEELING, W. VA.
1913

CO.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY COMMISSION.

HENRY D. HATFIELD President

GOVERNOR OF WEST VIRGINIA.

E. L. LONG - P'ice President

TREASURER OF WEST VIRGINIA.

ARCHIBALD MOORE Secretary

PRESIDENT, STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE.

THOMAS E. HODGES _ Treasurer

PRESIDENT, WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY.

E. DWIGHT SANDERSON Executive Officer

DIRECTOR, STATE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION.

STATE BOARD OF CONTROL.

JAMES S. LAKIN _ President

E. B. STEPHENSON Treasurer

JOHN A. SHEPPARD _ Member

SCIENTIFIC STAFF.

I. C. WHITE State Geologist

SUPERINTENDENT OF THE SURVEY.

RAY \\ HEXXEX Assistant Geologist

CHARLES E. KREr5S_ Assistant Geologist

DAVID B. REGER Assisfant Geologist

D. D. TEETS. JR ^ Field Assistant

PiERT H. HITE _ Chief Chemist

JAX B. KRAK 4ssistant Chemist

EARL M. HEXXEX _ Chief Clerk

JEXKIX L. WILLIAALS Stenographer

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.

To His Excellency, Hon. Henry D. Hatfield, Governor of JVesf
Virginia, and President of the West Virginia Geological Sur-
rey Commission :

Sir : I have the honor to transmit herewith the very inter-
esting work of Dr. C. F. Millspaugh, Curator of Botany in the
Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, 111., on the Living
Flora of West Virginia, and also the very complete work of Dr.
David White, Associate Curator of Paleobotany in the Smithson-
ian Institution, and Chief Geologist U. S. G. Survey, Washing-
ton, D. C, on the Fossil Flora of West Virginia.

The very exhaustive paper of Dr. Millspaugh which forms
Part I. of this new Volume V(A) of the publications of the West
Virginia Geological Survey, constitutes an entire revision of the
"West Virginia Flora" prepared and published by Dr. Millspaugh
in 1896, as a- revision of his first publication of a "Preliminary
Catalogue of the Flora of West Virginia," 1891, published by the
West Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station when Dr. !Mills-
paugh was connected with that Institution as Botanist during the
years 1889 to 1892. The present paper embodies the results of
a much wider and later study not only by Dr. Millspaugh through
the works and collections of other authors, but also the results
of Dr. John L. Sheldon's (Professor of Botany, W. Va. Uni-
versity) recent studies communicated freely to Dr. Millspaugh
for use in this publication, so that a very large addition to the
West Virginia Flora is thus made known to the world by this
"labor of love" on the part of Dr. Millspaugh, for which alll
those interested in the botany of the State will be deeplv grate-
ful.

Dr. David White's paper on the Fossil Flora of West A'ir-
ginia which constitutes Part II. of this volume is the first publi-
cation of its kind made by the State giving a complete list of the
known fossil plants, or the Flora that covered the land and peat
swamps of West Virginia millions of years ago when the vege-
table deposits which now form our coal beds were in process of

LETTER OF TRANSMISSAL. Vll

accumulation. These plants are of course all extinct at the pres-
ent time, and only a few of their diminutive relatives and de-
scendants still survive in oiu" ferns, rushes, and club-mosses, since
the Carboniferous Flora herein described lived before the day of
flowering- plants, birds and mammals had dawned upon the earth.
Dr. David White, one of the most distinguished of paleobotanists,
has listed these interesting fossil remains in the relation which
they sustain to the well-known Coal beds of the State, and hence
as the fossil plants of each great coal horizon contain in their en-
tirety some types and facies not found in connection with any
other geological horizon, the publication in question cannot fail
to prove of great economic value as an aid in the correlation of
our numerous important coal horizons. The preparation of each
part of this volume by the authors of the same has required an im-
mense amount of careful and painstaking labor, all of which has
been generously donated to the State Geological Survey by the
distinguished authors to whom not only the Survey but all the
people of the State are under lasting obligations for their dis-
interested and most valuable services.

This volume together with Volume V on Forestry and Wood
Industries of the State by A. B. Brooks, published under date of
February ist, 191 1, will furnish a very fair account of the plant
life of the State, and in due time it is hoped finally to add a vol-
ume on the animal life of the State, as provided in the scheme of
general publications contemplated by the Survey.

Very respectfully,

L C. WHITE, State Geologist.

]\Iorgantown, W. \^a., June ist, 1913.

CONTENTS.

^lembers of tlic Geological Survey Commission and State Board

of Control _' III

Members of Scientific Staff V

Letter of Transmittal VI

Table of Contents VIII

PART T.

The Living Flora of West Virginia 1-389

Botanical Field Work of Previous Authors 2-13

Special Features of the West Virginia Flora : 14-18

The Forest Trees or Sylva 19-23

Systematic Catalogue 24-389

Fungi 24-150

Phallaceac 24

Nidulariaceae 24

Lycoperdaceae 24-25

Mucoraceae 25-26

Peronosporaceae 26-27

Entomophthoraceae 27

Schizomycetaceae 27-28

Saccharomycetaccae 28

Diatomaceae 28-29

INIyxomycetaceae 29-31

Hyphomycetaccae 31-34

Dematiaccae 34-42

Stilbaceae 42-44

Tuberculariaceae 44-48

Sphaerioidaceae 49-70

Nectrioidaceae 70

Leptostromaceae 70-71

Excipulaceae ''1

Alelanconiaceae 71-76

Ustilaginaceae 76-77

Uredinaceae 77-86

Perisporiaceae 86-89

Sphaeriaceae 90-103

Hypocreaceae 103-106

Dothideaceae 106

Microthyriaceae 106

Lophiostomaceae 106-107

CONTENTS. 1>^

Helvellaceae 107-108

Pezizaceae 108-114

Ascobolaceae 114-115

Dermateaceae 115-116

Bulgariaceae 116-117

Stictaceae 11''

Phacidiaceae H'''

Patellariaceae 117-118

Gymnoascaceae 11^

Hysteriaceae 118-119

Agaricaceae 119-1. .3

Polyporaceae 133-142

Hydnaceae _-__142-144

Thelephoraceae 144-148

Clavariaceae 148-loO

LiCHENES 151-162

Usnaceae 15] -152

Parmeliaceae 1-^2

Physciaceae 1^3

Umbilicariaceae l-^3

Peltigeraceae lo3-154

Pannariaceae l"'"!

Collemaccae 154-155

Lecanoraceae 155-157

Cladoniaceae 157-158

Lecidaceae 158-160

Graphidaceae 160-161

Caliciaceae 161

Verrucariaceae 162

Trypetheliaceae -■ 162

Pyrenulaceae 162

Hepaticae 163-172

Ricciaceae 163

Marchantiaceae 163-164

Jungermanniaceae 164-171

(Anacrogynae) 164-165

(Acrogynae) 165-171

Anthocerotaceae 171-172

Sphagnaceae l'^2

Andreaeaceae 1'''2

Musci 173-190

Dicranaceae 173-176

Leucobryaceae 1'''6

Fissidentaceae 1''6

Encalyptaceae 176-177

CONTENTS.

Pottiaceae 177

Grimmiaceae 177

Ortliotrichaceae 177-178

F"unariaceae 178-179

Bryaceae 179-180

Mniaceae 180

Aulacomniaceae ISO

Bartramiaceae 180-181

Weberaceae 181

Buxbaumiaceae ISl

Georgiaceae ISl

Polytrichiaceae 181-182

Hedwigiaceae 182

Fontinalaceae 182

Climaciaceae 182

Leucodontaceae 183

Neckeraceae 183

Fabroniaceae 183

Entodontaceae 183-184

Hookeriaceae 184

Leskeaceae 184-185

Hypnacae 185-189

Sematophyllaceae 189

Brachytheciaceae 189-190

Ophioglossaceae 190

Pteridophyta 191-198

Filices 191-197

Equisetaceae 197

Lycopodiaceae 197-198

Selaginellaceae . 198

Gymnospermae 199-389

Pinaceae 199-201

Taxaceae 201

Typhaceae ~01

Sparganiaceae 202

Potamogetonaceae 202

Scheuchzeriaceae 202

Alismaceae 202-203

Vallisneriaceae 203

Hydrocharitaceae -r 203

Gramineae 203-216

Cyperaceae 217-223

Araceae 223-224

Lemnaceae 224

Commelinaceae 224-225

Juncaceae 225-226

CONTENTS. XI

Alelanthaceae 226-227

Liliaceae 227-229

Convallariaceae 229-232

Smilaceae 232

Amarjdlidaceae 232

Dioscoreaceae 232-233

Iridaceae 233

Orchidaceae 233-236

Saururaceac 237

Juglandaceae 237

Salicaceae 237-238

Myricaceae 239

Betulaceae , 239-240

Fagaceae 240-241

Ulmaceae 242

Moraceae 242

Urticaceae 243

Loranthaceae 244

Santalaceae 244

Aristolochiaceae 244-245

Polygonaceae 245-247

Chenopodiaceae 247-248

Amaranthaceae 248

Phytolaccaceae 248

Aizoaceae 248

Portulaceae 248-249

Caryophyllaceae 249-251

Nymphaeaceae 252

Magnoliaceae 252-253

Anonaceae 253-254

Ranunculaceae 254-259

Berberidaceae 260

Menispermaceae 260-261

Calycanthaceae 261

Lauraceae 261

Papaveraceae 261-263

Brassicaceae (Cruciferae ) 263-267

Capparidaceae 267

Droseraceae 267

Podostemonaceae 267-268

Crassulaceae 268

Penthoraceae 268

Parnassiaceae 268

Saxifragaceae 269-270

Grossulariaceae 270-271

Hamamelidaceae 27 J

CONTENTS.

Platanaccae 273

Rosaceae 272-279

Pomaceae 279-282

Drupaceae '. 282

Caesalpinaceae 282-283

Papilionaccae 284-290

Gerianiaceae 290-29]

Oxalidaceae 29]

Linaceae 292

Rutaceae 292

Simarubaceae 293

Polygalaceae 293-294

Euphorliiaceae ^ 294-295

Callitrichaceae 296

Empetraceae 296

Biixaceae 296

Limnanthaceae 296

Anacardiaceae 296-297

Aquifoliaceae 298

Cclastraceae 298-299

Staphyleaceae 299

Aceraceae 299-300

Sapindaceae 300-301

Balsaminaceae 301

Rhamnaceae 301-302

Vitaceae 302-303

Tiliaceae 303

Malvaceae 303-304

Hypericaceae 304-306

Cistaceae 306

Violaceae 306-309

Passifloraceae 309

Cactaceae 309

Thymelaeaceae 309

Lythraceae 309-310

Melastomaceae 3lo

Onagraceae 310-313

Araliaceae 314

Apiaceae (Umbelli ferae) 315-320

Cornaceae 320-321

Clethraceac 321

Pyrolaceae 321-322

Monotropaceae 322

Ericaceae 322-325

Vacciniaceae 325-326

Diapensiaccae 327

Primulaceae 3.27-328

CONTENTS. >^111

328

Ebenaceae "

328
Styracaceae

^1 328-329

Oleaceae " —

QOg

Loganiaceae

• 330

Gentianaceae

•JO-I

Menvanthaceae

331
Apocynaceae

OOIQOO

Asclepiadaceae ^

Convolvulaceae 333-334

Cuscutaceae ^ ^^^

Polemoniaceae 335-336

Hydrophyllaceae 336-337

Boraginaceae 337-339

340
Verbenaceae

Labiatae ^40-347

Solanaceae ^"^J'lf

Scrophulariaceae 350-3.^4

Lentibulariaceae ^^

Orobanchaceae

Bignoniaceae 355-356

Acanthaceae ^^^

357
Phrj^niaceae

Plantaginaceae ^^'^

Rubiaceae "^'^^'^^^

Caprifoliaceae 360-362

Valerianaceae

Dipsacaceae

Cucurbitaceae '

<Jampanulaceae ""*

Cichoriaceae :iG6-^QQ

Ambrosiaceae

Carduaceae 370-389

PART II.

The Fossil Flora of West Virginia 390-453

Index to Part I. 454-486

Summary of Part I ^^^

Index to Part II.

.488-491

PART I.

The Living Flora of West Virginia

By C. F. MILLSPAUGH

The State of West Virginia comprises about 24,170 square
miles of territory lying between 37°3o' and 40°3o' north latitude,
and o°45' and 5°3o' west longitude from Washington. Its out-
line of varied boundaries has become a synonym for irregularity,
as a glance at the accompanying map will show ; it might also
comprise the topography, suggesting as it does an immense field
over which a gigantic plow has left a confused maze of deep and
irregular furrows. This topographical condition is mainly due
to the great number of mountain ranges and a vast network of
rapid streams, that, rising in the higher altitudes of the eastern
and southern borders, pass in varied and tortuous courses through
the State, to augment the Ohio on the west and northwest, and
the Potomac on the northeast.

Along the low, as well as the lofty mountain ranges, there is
comparatively little tableland, and in the wedge-like valleys there
is a like absence of extensive bottoms, except along Tygarfs
\^alley River in Randolph County, the Great Kanawha and the
Ohio. Although there are many mountain glades, some nearly
dry and others swampy, plainly indicating their late occupancy by
small lakes, there is today neither pond nor lake within the
limits of the State, and very little if any stagnant water.

As the major portion of the State lies west of the Allegha-
nies, the climate is much like that of western Pennsylvania, par-
taking little indeed of that southern atmosphere that we are
wont to associate with the name Virginia.

The prevailing soil of the hills and valleys is stiff clay, and
sandy and clayey alluvium, over which there is in general but

2 Till-: WEST NIKCINIA FLORA

little loam. The cla}' of the more open steep hillsides is so
unctuous and unstable that frequent landslides occur during
Spring-, sometimes of great extent. This subsidence renders the
valley streams nmddy throughout the year. The rocks are
principally sandstone and limestone, with some outcroppings of
shales on the northeastern heights. The special features of very
fertile and quite sterile soils, varied altitude and the vast areas
of primitive forests, yield a flora of great variety, often widely
differing at points only a few miles apart.

The amount of exploration necessary to gain a full knowl-
edge of the flora under these conditions becomes an arduous un-
dertaking, though the interest in searching an almost virgin field
is so deep as to greatly lighten the labor.

BOTANICAL FIELD WORK IN THE STATE.

That several of the early Pennsylvanian, Virginian and
North Carolinian Botanists, including Peter Kalm, John Eraser,
John Clayton, Tliomas Nuttall, John Mitchell and others, col-
lected within the eastern borders of the State is reasonably cer-
tain, though I have not been able, so far, to establish their lo-
calities with any degree of certainty. There is great difficulty
in locating West Virginian stations in the field work of the very
early Botanists from the fact that most of their notes and labels
read simply "Virginia." Previous to 1784 Virginia extended
indefinitely from the Atlantic to any point beyond the Ohio River,
while the border lines of West Virginia were not estalilished
until 1863. Then, too, the country was so thinly settlemented
and localities so uncertainly named that ascribing definite geo-
graphic place to collected plants was impossible to the knapsack
traveller.

The following chronologic tabulation gives all the informa-
tion that I have been able to compile upon the field work of
botanists within the State.

(1) Andre ]\Iichaux, the renowned French Botanist (who traveled
extensively in North Carolina, Virginia, Kentucky and Illinois;
even North into Canada and South into Florida and the
Bahamas) ; made many journeys, under conditions of great
hardship and no little danger, along the out confines of the
mountain borders of West Virginia ; especially in the New
River region of southwestern Virginia. He is credited by one
of his biographers with field work in the contiguous West

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 3

Virginia counties, but his carefully and explicitly kept Journal
does not bear out such a conclusion. He did however collect
at Harpers Ferry, Charlestown and Summit Point, in Jeffer-
son County, and at Wheeling, Buffalo Point, and the mouth of
the Little Kanawha River, on his journey to Kentucky and
Illinois in 1793. His collections are in the Herbarium of the
Museum of Paris.

(2) Matthias Kin, a German nurseryman and collector, took up his

residence in Philadelphia and from there made many extensive
excursions for the purpose of collecting living plants and seeds
for horticultural purposes. During these trips he also pre-
served plants for herbarium material. About the year 1800 he
collected extensively from Cumberland, Md., through the Ty-
garts River Valley in Randolph County. His exact localities
are in doubt as his labels are eccentrically written in "Pennsyl-
vania Dutch." The prime set of his collections of dried plants
is in the Royal Botanical Garden, Berlin.

(3) Frederick Pursh, a noted German Botanist (born in Russia) es-

tablished himself in Philadelphia in 1799. From there he made
many important botanical explorations. His most interesting
collections were made in the vicinity of Harpers Ferry, Jeffer-
son County; and in Greenbrier and Monroe Counties in the
neighborhood of White Sulphur and Sweet Springs in 1S05.
His prime collection is in the Herbarium of the Royal Botani-
cal Gardens at Kew, London.

(4) (CoNSTANTiNE Samuel) Rafinesque (Schmaltz), the eccentric

Franco-German naturalise (Born in Turkey), immigrated to
Philadelphia in 1802. In 1818, on his way to Kentucky, he col-
lected plants at Wheeling, Williamstown and Point Pleasant ;
and on his return walked from Wheeling to Kenilworth through
Ohio, Brooke and Hancock Counties, collecting throughout the
route. In 1819 he collected afoot along the Potomac River
from Harpers Ferry to Cumberland, Md., through Jefferson,
Berkeley, Morgan and Hampshire Counties. In 182.5 he again
collected in Ohio County from Valley Grove to Wheeling; and
later, starting from Cumberland, he followed the South Branch
of the Potomac from its mouth through Hampshire, Hardy,
and Pendleton Counties to the South Fork Mountains, where
he "collected many fine plants." From here he crossed the
county and the mountains to Virginia. In 1832 he again col-
lected in Jefferson Coimty in the neighborhood of Harpers
Ferry. While his collections were undoubtedly large, and very
valuable, their numerical strength is unknown as his private
herbarium has never been found. Some of his duplicates are
in the herbaria of the University of Pennsylvania and the
Philadelphia Academy of Sciences.

(4a) Dr. William E. A. Aikin of Baltimore, Maryland, collected in
the neighborhood of Harpers Ferry, Jefferson County, about the
year 1832. The extent and disposition of his collections is at
present unknown. I have seen but one specimen of his, that in
IDr. Torrey's herbarium. New York Botanical Garden.

(5) Gray, Carey and Constable. Dr. Asa Gray, John Carey and

John Constable, on their collecting trip to the mountains of

4 THE WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

Southwestern Virginia and North Carohna in 1841, passed
through Jetierson County from Harpers Ferry to the Virginia
line. Akhough West Virginia plants are here and there credited
to them it is certain that they did not collect within the bor-
ders of the State.

(6) Gr-w and Sullivant. Dr. Asa Gray and W(illiam) S(tarl.ing)

Sullivant collected through the Allegheny mountains from
^Maryland to Georgia in 1843. While I am unable to outline
their route with exactness, yet it is certain that they collected
along the old Staunton Pike, from Tygarts Valley through the
Cheat Mountains, via Cheat Bridge and Travelers Repose ; along
the upper reaches of the Kanawha River ; and at Big Spring
in Mercer County. Just how much material they collected in the
State there is no way of determining. Their plants are in the
Gray Herbarium of the Cambridge Botanical Gardens, Cam-
bridge, Mass.

(7) I(sAAc) F(arwell)Holton collected extensively from Charles-

ton, Kanawha County, to Hawks Nest, Fayette County, in Octo-
ber, 1849. The full number of plants collected by him is un-
known : 50 are in the Herbarium of the Field Museum of
Natural History. His private Herbarium was deposited in that
of Columbia University and is now at the New York Botanical
Garden.

(8) Prof. W(illiam) H('enry) Brewer, while Professor of Botany

at Yale, in 1860, made a collection of plants in Ohio County in
the vicinity of Wheeling, and Brooke County near Bethany.
The amount of material he secured is unknown to me; it is
deposited in the Herbarium of Yale University.

(9) W(illiam) M(arriott) Canby, an extensive Botanical collector

late of Wilmington, Del., made a small collection in Taylor
County, near Grafton, in 1868. The details of his collecting
in the State I have not been able to determine. His plants
are deposited in the Herbarium of the New York College of
Pharmacy.

(10) J. S. Merriam made a collection of plants in Jefferson County in

the vicinity of Harpers Ferry in 1871. The extent of his col-
lecting I have not yet been able to determine. His specimens
are deposited in the U. S. National Herbarium, Washington,
D. C.

(11) Dr. T(imothy) F(ieed) Allen, of New York, collected in July

1872, on Kates Mountain and at other points in the neighbor-
hood of White Sulphur Springs. His plants are deposited in the
Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden. (See also Allen
and Britton).

(12) J(oseph) F(rancis) James, of Ohio, spent about two weeks in

1877, investigating the Flora of the region of the Guyandotte and
Great Kanawha Rivers from Huntington to Kanawha Falls and
the Hawks Nest ; and the region of Loup Creek, in Fayette
County. The amount of material that he collected is not
known to me. His plants are in the Gray Herbarium and the
Cryptogamic Herbarium at Harvard University.

WEST X'IKGINIA GEOLOGICAL SUR\"EY 5

(13) E. Richardson collected in Ohio County in the vicinity of Wheel-
nig, in 1S77 and 1879 ; and the neighborhood of Bethany, Brooke
County, m 187S. The extent of his collections is not known
to me at this writing. His plants are deposited in the U. S.
National Herbarium, Washington, D. C.

(14"' Mertz & GuTTENBERG. Profs. H. N. ]Mertz and Gustav Guttenberg,
of Wheeling and Pittsburg, collected extensively from 1877 to
1888 through all the northern counties of the State from Wheel-
ing to Harpers Ferry. They published, in 1878, "A Check List
of the Plants of A\'est Virginia" in which they enumerated 590
species. Their collections are deposited in the herbarium of the
Carnegie ^Museum, Pittsburg.

(15) Mertz & Jones. Prof. H. N. Mertz and Miss Hattie Jones made a

comprehensive collection of the plants of Cranberry Summit,
Preston County, in 1878. Their specimens are preserved in the
herbarium of the Carnegie Museum, Pittsburg.

(16) Prof. CHAfRLE)s R(eid) Barnes, late professor of Physiological

Botany, University of Chicago, spent a short time, in June. 1879,
collecting along the Kanawha River from Charleston to Gauley
Bridge, principally in the neighborhood of Charleston. His
collections are in the Herbarium of Wabash College. (See his
"Xotcs from West Virginia" in Botanical Gazette Vol. 4:181-2,
1879).

(17) Prof. John :M(erle) Coulter, Professor of Botany, University of

Chicago, conducted, while Professor of Biology at Wabash Col-
lege. Indiana, an excursion of his class in Geology, to the mining
regions of southern West Virginia, in 1879. On this trip he
collected a few interesting plants from Charleston, Kanawha
County, to Gauley Bridge, Fayette County. His specimens are
deposited in the herbarium of Wabash College.

(18) Captain John Donnell-Smith spent his summers, from 1879 to

1882. at Oakland, Md., from whence he made occasional short
trips to various points in West Virginia, especially those reached
by the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad. During these excursions he
collected such plants as appeared to be of special interest, par-
ticularly at Tygarts Valley, Mannington and Grafton. His plants
are in his private herbarium now deposited in the U. S. National
Herbarium, Washington, D. C.

(19) C(yRUs) G(uernsey) Pringle, the noted botanical collector, late of

Charlotte. Vt., made a small but interesting collection at White
Sulphur Springs, in Greenbrier County, and in the neighborhood
of Ronceverte, in Faj'ette County, in 1880. The exact number of
his specimens is not known to me at this writing; they are de-
posited in his private herbarium now at the University of Ver-
mont.

(20) Porter & Redfield. Prof. Tho(ma)s C(onrad) Porter and Mr.

JCohn) H(oward) Rediield collected from White Sulphur
Springs. Greenbrier County, to Hawks Nest, Fayette County, in
1880. The numerical strength of their separate collections I
have not been able to determine. Prof. Porter's plants are in
the herbarium of Lafayette College, Easton, Pa. : those of Mr.

6 THE WEST \IR<;iXIA FLORA

Redfield in the herbarium of the Phihidelphia Academy of
Sciences.

(21) Dr. Aug(ustine) D(awson) Selby, Botanist of the Ohio Agricul-

tural Experiment Station, collected plants in 1885 to 1887 in his
neigliborhood while Superintendent of Schools at Huntington.
Cabell County. He also extended his plant observations up the
Kanawha River as far as Kanawha Falls in Fayette County.
His plants are in his private herbarium.

(22) S(amuel) B(oari)man) Brown, Professor of Geology, West Vir-

ginia University, formerly Principal of the Normal School at
Glenville, collected a large number of plants in Berkeley and
Gilmer counties from 1885 to 1890. Of these he preserved about
100 specimens which are still in his possession.

(23) (Charles) David White, Geologist of the U. S. Geological Survey,

while engaged in paleoliotanical collection in various portions of
the State from 1880 to 1894, collected a few recent plants, princi-
pally ferns ; these are deposited in the U. S. National Herbarium,
Washington, D. C.

(24) Miss Verona Mapel, then Preceptress of the High School at Glen-

ville, Gilmer County, collected largely in her immediate neigh-
borhood from 1888 to 1901. Her material, consisting of about
355 species (not including common weeds nor the grasses and
sedges), is deposited in the herbarium of the school mentioned.

(25) Dr. Rosencrans Workman, a Physician at Bayard, Mineral County,

collected a representative series of the flowering plants of his
immediate neighborhood from 1888 to 1891. His material (which
he loaned me for examination in 1891) is in his private pos-
session.

(26) WiNFiELD E. Hill, notes in "Garden and Forest" (Vol. 3: 182-183.

1890), a few plants from Fairview, Hancock County, observed
in 1889. Whether he has preserved a collection of plants from
his region I am unable to determine at this writing.

(27) Dr. H(amilton) McS( parkin) Gamble, a Physician at Moorefield.

Hardy County, did considerable herbalizing in connection with
zoological field work in the valley of the South Branch of the
Potomac River, and its water shed in Hardy, Grant, Mineral and
Hampshire counties from 1889 to 1910. He donated his plant
collection of 157 species (in 1891) to the herbarium of the W'est
Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, at Morgantown, where
it is now deposited.

(28) M(erton) B(enway) Waite, Pathologist, Bureau of Plant Indus-

try, U. S. Department of Agriculture, spent about a week, in
1889, in Fayette and Greenbrier Counties, in the collection of
parasitic fungi. He secured about 300 numbers at Kanawha Falls
and about 200 at White Sulphur Springs. As his plants were
distributed in the herbarium of the Bureau, unlisted, they are
unfortunately unavailable for this publication. In 1911 he col-
lected a few numbers of like material in Berkeley County, near
Gerrardstown ; and Morgan County, at Sleepy Creek, Paw Paw
and Hancock. His plants are deposited, as above indicated, in
the herbarium of the U. S. Bureau of Plant Industry.

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY • 7

(28a) W (alter) B(ruce) Nutter, an attorney-at-law of Buckhannon,
collected for his personal pleasure in Upshur, Lewis, Gilmer and
Randolph Counties from 1890 to 1897. His herbarium of about
700 specimens is in his personal possession.

(29) Dr. J(ohn) K(unkel) Small, of the New York Botanical Garden,

spent about a week in the neighborhood of Cumberland, Mary-
land, with special reference to collecting in the contiguous Penn-
sylvania field in 1890. During this work he made several trips
across the Potomac River into Mineral County, where he col-
lected about 50 specialized plants; these are now in the her-
barium of the New York Botanical Garden. (See also Small ft
Brown).

(30) Mrs. N. L. Britton (E. G. Britton) collected a number of mosses

in August, 1890, in the neighborhood of White Sulphur Sprmgs,
(jreenbrier County. These are deposited in the Moss Herbarium
of the New York Botanical Garden.

(31) Dr. C(harles) FCrederick) Millspaugh, Curator of Botany, Field

Museum of Natural History, Chicago, began in 1890 a systematic
survey of the plant life of the State. In the work he visited
several localities in nearly every county. On one trip he drove
through Wood, Wirt, Calhoun, Gilmer. Lewis, Upshur, Randolph,
W^ebster, Nicholas, Fayette, Kanawha, Putnam and Jackson
counties collecting leisurely througkout. During his field work,
covering two seasons, he collected 1580 numbers; these are pre-
served in the herbarium at the West Virginia Experiment Station
with more or less full duplicate sets in the herbarium of the New
York Botanical Garden and that of the Field Museum of Natural
History. (See his "Preliminary Catalogue of the Flora of West
Virginia 1891" and "Flora of West Virginia 1896").

(32) Dr. N(athaniel) L(ord) Britton collected one day in August,

1890, in the neighborhood of White Sulphur Springs, securing
about 40 interesting numbers ; he again collected the same region
in 1898, obtaining about the same number of specimens. Both
of these collections are deposited in the herbarium of the New
York Botanical Garden. (See Allen & Britton).

(33) Mr. L(awrence) W(illiam) Nuttall, then a mine owner at Nut-

tallburg, Fayette County, spent most of his spare time from
business duties, from 1890 to 1898. in botanical field and labora
tory work on the Flora of his neighborhood. His large collec-
tions, mostly of fungi, are m his private herbarium though a con-
siderable duplicate series including his types in Lichenes are in
the herbarium of the Field Museum of Natural History. His
types in Fungi are in the Ellis Herbarium, now at the New York
Botanical Garden. (See Millspaugh & Nuttall, "Flora of West
Virginia"").

(31) Small & Brown. Hon. Addison Brown and Dr. J. K. Small spent
about a week, in Tulv. 1892. in Greenbrier County, in an explora-
tion of Kates Mountain and the vicinity of White Sulphur
Springs. The resulting material, about 150 plants, is now in the
herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden.

(35) Dr. ACndrew) DfELMAR) Hopkins, Forest Entomologist of the U.
S. Department of Agriculture, has taken special interest in col-

5 • Tin-: \VI-:.s|" \1RGIXIA il.ORA

Iccting unusual plants during bis many trips in various portion'^
of the State, from 1892 to 1902, in pursuit of his entomological
studies. His plants are deposited in the herbarium of the West
Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, with duplicates in the
Herbarium of the Field Museum of Natural History.

(36) Prof. A(mo.s) A(rthur) Heller, of the University of Xevada, did

considerable plant collection on Kates Mountain and the neigh-
borhood of \Vhite Sulphur Springs in Greenbrier County in 189!!.
x\ set of his plants is deposited in the herbarium of the Field
Museum of Natural History with the balance of his private her-
barium.

(37) L(ee) C(leveland) Corbett, while engaged in forest held work

for the West Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, collected
a number of plants from 1894 lo 1896; these are in the herbarium
of the Station.

(38) \V(illiam) Mc(C.\lly) Pollock, while a student at i!'o Univer-

sity of West Virginia, collected largely, from 189;j to 1897, in
Lewis, Upshur, Preston, Pocahontas, Taylor and Wood c^'inties,
and from 1898 to 1899 in Monongalia County. The full num-
ber of plants he secured amounted to about 1700 specimens. His
prime series was accidentally destroyed. Sets of over a ■iuni-
dred duplicates are in the herl)aria of the Field Museum ol
Natural History, New York Botanical Garden, and 'J S.
National Museum.

(39) W(illiam) E(arle) Rumsey, of the Department of Entomology.

University of West Virginia, collected a considerable number
of plants in various parts of the State while engaged in ento-
mological field work, from 1894 to 1899. His plants are in the
herbarium of the West Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station

(40) Allen & Britton. Drs. T. F. Allen and Nathaniel L. Britton

collected for one full day in May, 1897, in the neighborhood
of White Sulphur Springs, Greenbrier Covmty. They secured
from 40 to 50 species of especial interest, which were deposited
in the herbarium of Columbia University, now a part of the
herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden. (See also
1872 T. F. Allen, and 1890 N. L. Britton).

(41) Rev. a. Boutlou, of Fairmont, Marion County, spent consid-

erable of his spare time, from 1897 to 1907, in botanizing in
his immediate neighborhood and in Taylor, Monongalia and
Preston Counties. His collections are in his private possession
though many of his interesting finds are represented in the
herbarium of the Field Museum of Natural History.

(42) Prof. Edw(ard) L(ee) Greene, of the U. S. National Herbarium,

has spent a day or so once or twice each year, from 1897 to
July, 1912, in Jefferson County, in the vicinity of Harpers
Ferry. His collecting in this region has been of a highly dis-
criminating character, confined to selecting only such plants as
appeared to differ from the usual form. His specimens are in
the U. S. National Herbarium, with a few particularly inter-
esting duplicates in the herbarium of the Field Museum of
Natural History.

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 9

(43,; Edward S(triebv) Steele spent the latter half of August and
the first half of September, 1898, collecting, with the aid of
Sirs. Steele, in the neighborhood of Aurora, Preston County.
He secured about 325 numbers, the first set of which he de-
posited in the U. S. Xaticnal Herbarium.

In 1903, and again in 1905, he collected near Old Sweet
Springs, Monroe County ; in 1906 he spent one day at White
Sulphur Springs, Greenbrier County, searching particularly for
plants of the genus Laciniaria. In 1910, while collecting in
Garret County, ^Maryland, he utilized a small part of his time
gathering specimens across the line in Grant County, W. Va. ;
this he also did in 1911, in Hardy County, while occupied prin-
cipally on the Virginia slopes of North Mountain, near Orkney
Springs. Those later collections are also deposited in the U. S.
National Herbarium, Washington.

(44) Pollard & Maxon. Charles L(ouis) Pollard and William R(alph)

Maxon collected during the latter part of August, 1899, in
Fayette County, near Quinnimont and in Summers County,
near Lowell. Of the 125 numbers they secured about 30 were
new to the Flora of the State as known at that date. Their
plants are deposited in the U. S. National Herbarium, Wash-
ington, D. C. (See "Proceedings of the Biological Society of
Washington, Vol. 14:161-163).

(45) E(dward) L(yman) Morris, Curator, Brooklyn Institute Museum,

while engaged in field work for the U. S. Fish Commission in
1900, made a collection of plants in that region of the State
lying south of the New, Greenbrier and Kanawha Rivers in
Summers, Monroe, Mercer, McDowell, Raleigh and Wyoming
Counties. His collection of 397 numbers was made in July and
August of a particularly dry season ; it is deposited in the
National Herbarium, Washington, D. C. (See his "Some
Plants of West Virginia'' in the Bulletin of the Biological So-
ciety of Washington, Vol. 13:171-182 (1900).

(46) Henry C(urtis) Beardslee spent the Summer of 1900 collecting

principally fleshy fungi, in the neighborhood of Brookside, Pres-
ton County. His collections, numbering about 600 specimens, are
in his private herbarium at Asheville, N. C. (See his "Notes
on the Boleti of West Virginia" in "Torreya."' Vol. 1:37-39).

(47) Captain K. D. Walker, of Fairmont, West Virginia, contributed

a few plants of his collecting to the West Virginia Experiment
Station, in 1891. They are from Little Falls, Monongalia County,
and are deposited in the herbarium of the Station.

(48) C(uRTis) G(ates) Lloyd, of the Lloyd Herbarium, Cincinnati,

Ohio, collected for about a fortnight at Eglon, Preston County,
in 1901. His specimens, princioally fungi, are preserved in the
Lloyd Herbarium, Cincinnati, Ohio.

(49) Prof. W"(illiam) A(shbrook) Kellerman, late professor of

Botany in the University of Ohio, collected, principally fungi
at Durbin and Marlinton, Pocahontas County, in August, 1902.
I am unfortunately unable to establish the extent of or locate his
specimens at this time.

10 Tin: \vi;sr \'iKt;iNiA floka

(50) Prof. A(lbert) S(pear) Hitchcock, Agrostologist of the U. S.

Department of Agriculture, made small but discriminative col-
lections, mostly of grasses, in the neighborhood of Morgantown,
Monongalia County, in 1902, and Harpers Ferry, in Jefferson,
in 1905. His plants are in the herbarium of the Department
in Washington.

(51) F(rei)) E(knest) Brooks, of the U. S. Bureau of Entomology,

traveled extensively throughout the State engaged in field
work for the Bureau, from 1902 to 1912. During that work he
collected such plants as appeared of particular interest. His
plant collection is deposited in the herbaria of Prof. John L.
Sheldon and the West Virginia Agricultural Experiment Sta-
tion ; both at Morgantown.

(52) Kenneth K(ent) Mackenzie, Esqr., collected, from August 27th

to September 9th, 1903, in (jreenbrier County, in the vicinity
of White Sulphur Springs and Kates Mountain. He secured
187 numbers of interesting plants, among which is his new
genus in the parsley family ( Psciidofaciiidia). His prime set
of plants is in his private herbarium and a full series of dupli-
cates in that of the New York Botanical Garden.

(53) C(harles) L. Boynton, of the Biltmore Herbarium, collected.

during the month of June, 1903, at Huntington, Kenova, Milton,
St. Albans, Saltes, Charleston, Eastbank, Gauley Bridge, Thur-
mond, Hinton and White Sulphur Springs ; revisiting the latter
place in October. In May and September 1904 he again collected
in the neighborhood of White Sulphur Springs and Tuckahoe.
His total gatherings amounted to 295 plant numbers, the prime
set being deposited in the Biltmore Herbarium.

(54) Dr. A(lbert) LeRoy Andrews, while connected with the West

Virginia University from 1903 to 1904. collected in many locali-
ties in Monongalia and Preston Cotmties. He specialized in the
Bryophytes. His plants are principally in the herbaria of the
Experiment Station at Morgantown and at Williams College, and
in his private herbarium. (See his "Additions to the Bryophytic
Flora of West Virginia", in "The Bryologist", Vol. 8 : 63-6.1
1905).

(5^) John L(ewis) Sheldon, Professor of Botany and Bacteriology at
the University of West Virginia, has made discriminative and
specialized collections in the State, covering principally the
counties of Monongalia, Preston, Greenbrier, Monroe, Pocahon-
tas, Berkeley, Jefferson, Randolph, and all those along the Ohio
River, from 1903 to 1912. His field work has added a large num-
ber of species to the previously known Flora ; these are indicated
in the text of this work. Prof. Sheldon's prime set of 4454
numbers is deposited in his private herbarium at Morgantown,
where it is freely utilized by his classes at the University. Hi';
collections consist largely of cryptogams. (See "The Bryologist,"
Vol. X:S0-84; Vol. XIH :64-65 for his "Additional West ^Vir-
ginia Hepaticae." and "Species of Hepaticae Known to Occur in
West Virginia.")

Dr. Sheldon has contributed to this Flora full lists of al!
the fungi of his herbarium that have passed imder the critical
examination of specialists in the various groups. He has also

WEST \-IRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

II

sent in for examination unusual species of his flowering plants
and in other ways assisted materially in this compilation.

(56) The following names that appear now and then upon the labels of
plants in the herbarium of Prof. Sheldon are either those of his
students or incidental correspondents. As one or more of their
few plants may find publication or stray into some other her-
barium, I have considered it best to make the following record
of the names :

Alderson, R. W.
Allen, E. A.
Atwood, Horace
Bacon, Nathaniel
Bargerhuff, A.
Beale, J. M.
Behrens, Ed.
Bender, I. L.
Bonner, C. M.
Boord, J.
Bowers, J. F.
Brake, W. E.
Britton, L. S.
Brooks, C. L.
Brooks, Earle A.
Brooks, Len
Carroll, H. D.
Chappell. A. M.
Cooper, H. E.
Cross, E. L.
Crow, C. S.
Curtis, A. W.
Cutright, Frank
Docherty, S. W.
Dodd, D. R.
Dumire, Mrs. George
Emmart, L. P.
Fenton, Winnifred B.
Fidler, J. Z.
Fleshman, H. F.
Fling, Miss Eva M.

Fram, T. J.
Gibson, H. B.
Grose, E. R.
Groves, H. D.
Hall. William McG.
Hartley, Carl P.
Heavner, M. M.
Heck, A. T.
Henson. Miss A. M
Hodges, Charles E.
Hoff, E. B.
Holman, Lucien
Humphreys, H. C.
Hunter, Glenn
Hurley, J. J.
Johnson, R. W.
Johnson, T. C.
Keister, John D.
Kline, C. S.
Lambert, F. B.
Larkin. Finney L.
Lewis, C. C.
Lewis, E. M.
Lindsley. Miss
Lively, E. L.
McCutcheon, R. P.
Martin, C. S.
Maxwell, W. B.
Merrick, C. D.
Moffatt, B. H.
Moore. Lewis M.

Moore, S. W.
Xolan, A. W.
Pollock, J. F.
Portmess, E. T.
Post, A. Lee
Sheldon, Clara Fleming
Shimer, S. S.
Showers, George E.
Shull. C. L.
Shunk, L V. D.
Smahz, R. B.
Smith, N. S.
Staats, Miss Georgia L.
Stalnaker, J. J.
Starcher, G. C.
Stewart, J. \V.
Stewart, R. H.
Stewart, W. R. P.
Stutzman, John
Summers, T. B.
Swank, G. L.
Swisher, J. A. H.
Thatcher, J. N.
Thompson, S. M.
Vanorsdale, M. A.
Warden. T. M.
Welton, C. B.
White. C. S.
Wilcox, C. S.
Wolfe, E. O.
Wood, A. N.

(57) Dr. J (esse) M(ore) Greenman, Assistant Curator of the Depart-

ment of Botany, Field ^Museum of Natural History, spent the
month of September, 1904, collecting at the following stations:
Parsons and Hendricks in Tucker County; Dry Fork, Horton,
Spruce Knob, Elkins, Read, Whitmar. Glady, Harman. and
Huttonsville. in Randolph County ; and Travelers Repose in
Pocahontas County. The prime set of his collection, consisting
of about 400 numbers (1500) specimens, is in the Gray Her-
barium, Cambridge. Mass. ; and a nearly full duplicate set in
the herbarium of the Field Museum of Natural History.

(58) Albert H(anford) Moore, of Cambridge, Mass., collected with Dr.

J. M. Greenman in 1904, over the same route and gathering
substantially the same species. His collection is in his private
herbarium.

12 TIIF. WEST \IR(iiNlA FLORA

(j9; Frank F(rrcH) Grout, while connected with the West Virginia
Geological Survey as Chemist, collected a number of plants in
various parts of the State, from 1904 to 1906, especially parasitic
fungi. His collections are in the herbarium of Prof. Sheldon
and that of the West Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station.

(60) fluROx H(erbekt) Smith, Assistant in Dendrology at the Field
Museum of Natural History, collected, in 1908, 246 numbers in
Randolph, Webster, Nicholas, Lewis, Upshur and Wood Coun-
ties. His species, most of which are indicated in the following
catalogue, are deposited in the herbarium of the Museum.

(Gl) O(tto) E(mery) Jennings, Botanist at the Carnegie ^Museum,
Pittsburg, made a collection of plants in Monongalia County
along the Monongahela River from Lock 9 to Morgantown,
Mont Chateau and Coopers Rocks, in 1909. His specimens are
deposited in the herbarium of the Carnegie Museum.

(62) W(illiam) W(ebster) Eggleston collected from 1909 to 1911

with a view of securing all possible material in the Pomaceae
gathering also a considerable number of other plants that
appeared to be of particular interest. He collected his numbers
4317-4372 at White Sulphur Springs in 1909 ; 5514-5551 at Gauley
Bridge in 1909 ; 5552-5562 near Thurmond 1909 ; 5563-5587 near
Hinton and 5588-5593 at White Sulphur Springs the same year.
In 1911 he collected again at White Sulphur Springs (7761-
7767). His material is deposited in the herbarium of the New
York Botanical Garden.

(63) ]\Ir. A(lonzo) B(eecher) Brooks, while occupied in amassing

data for Volume V, of this Survey, collected a considerable
number of particularly interesting plants, from 1909 to 1911,
especially of the Glade Regions of the northern and north-
eastern sections of the State. The material that he preserved
is deposited in the herbarium of the West Virginia University,
at Morgantown. (See "West Virginia Geological Survey, Vol.
V, 1911).

(64) I have seen labels, bearing the following names, upon plants

collected in recent years in the State ; but have not yet been

able to secure details as to the extent of the collections they

appear to indicate :

Brown, William H.

Hayes, N. S.

Hinzman, W. W.

McCartney, H.

Morse.

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

13

INDEX TO COLLECTORS.

(The numbers following the names refer
paragraphs.)

Aikin, W. E. A. 4a
Alderson, R. W. 56
Allen, E. A. 56
Allen, T. F. 11, 40

Greenman, J. M. 57.
Grose, E. R. 56
Grout, F. F. 59
Groves, H. D. 56

Andrews, A. LeRoy 54 Guttenberg, G. 14
Atwood, Horace 5G Hall, W. McG. 56

Bacon, N. 56
Bargerhuff, A. 56
Barnes, C. R. 16
Beale, J. M. 56
Beardslee, H. C. 46
Behrens, Ed. 56
Bender, L L. 56
Bonner, C. M. 56
Boord,J. 56
Boutelou, A. 41
Bowers, J. F. 56
Boynton, C. L. 53
Brake, W. E. 56
Brewer, W. H. 8
Britton, E. G. 30
Britton, L. S. 56
Britton, N. L. 32, 40
Brooks, A. B. 63
Brooks, C. L. 56
Brooks, E. A. 56
Brooks, E. E. 51
Brooks, L. 56
Brown, Ad. 34
Brown, S. B. 22
Brown, W. H. 64
Canby, W. M. 9
Carroll, H. D. 56
Chappell, A. W. 56
Cooper, H. E. 56
Corbett, L. C. 37
Coulter, J. M. 17
Cross, E. L. 56
Crow, C. S. 56
Curtis, A. W. 56
Cutright, F. 56
Docherty, S. W. 56
Dodd, D. R. 56
Dunmire, Mrs. G. 56
Eggleston, W. W. 62
Emmart, L. P. 56
Fenton, W. B. 56
Fidler, J. Z. 56
Fleshman, H. F. 56
Fling, E. M. 56
Fram, T. J. 56
Gamble, H. McS. 27
Gibson, H. B. 56
Gray, Asa 5, 6
Greene, E. L. 42

56

Hartley, C. P. 56
Hayes, N. S. 64
Heavner, M. M. 56
Heck, A. T. 56
Heller, A. A. 36
Henson, A. M. 56
Hill, W. E. 26
Hinzman, W. W. 64
Hitchcock, A. S. 50
Hodges, C. E. 56
Hoff, E. B. 56
Holman, L. 56
Holton, L F. 7
Hopkins, A. D. 35
Humphreys, H. C.
Hunter, G. 56
Hurley, J. J. 56
James, J. F. 12
Jennings. O. E. 61
Johnson, R. W. 56
Johnson, T. C. 56
Jones, H. 15
Keister, J. D. 56
Kellerman, W. A. 49
Kin, M. 2
Kine, C. S. 56
Lambert, F. B. 56
Larkin, F. L. 56
Lewis, C. C. 56
Lewis, E. M. 56
Lindsley, Miss 56
Lively, E. L. 56
Lloyd, C. G. 48
McCartney, H. 64
McCutcheon, R. P. 56
Mackenzie, K. K. 52
Mapel, V. 24
Martin, C. S. 56
Maxon, W. R. 44
Maxwell, W. B. 56
Merriam, J. S. 10
Merrick, C. D. 56
Mertz, H. N. 14, 15
jMichaux, A. 1
Millspaugh, C. F. 31
Moffatt, B. H. 56
Moore, A. H. 58
Moore, L. M. 56
]\Ioore, S. W. 56

to those of the preceding

Morris, E. L. 45
Morse 64
Nolan, A. W. 56
Nuttall, L. VV. 33
Nutter, VV. B. 2Sa
Pollard, C. L. 44
Pollock, J. F. 56
Pollock, vV. M. 38
Porter, T. C. 20
Portmess, E. T. 56
Post, A. L. 56
Pringle, C. G. 19
Pursh, F. 3
Ratinesque, C. S. 4
Redtield, J. H. 20
Richardson, E. 13
Rumsey, \V. E. 39
Selby, A. D. 21
Sheldon, C. F. 56
Sheldon, J. L. 55
Shinier, S. S. 56
Showers, G. E. 56
Shull, C. L. 56
Shunk, L V. D. 56
Small, J. K. 29, 34
Smaltz, R. B. 56
Smith, H. H. 60
Smith, J. D. 18
Smith, N. S. 56
Staats, G. L. 56
Stalnaker, J. J. 56
Starcher, G. C. 56
Steele, E. S. 43
Stewart, J. W. 56
Stewart, R. H. 56
Stewart, W. R. P. 56
Stutzman, J. 56
Sullivan, W. S. 6
Summers, T. B. 56
Swank, G. L. 56
Swisher, J. A. H. 56
Thatcher, J. N. 56
Thompson, S. M. 56
Vanorsdale, M. A. 56
Waite, M. B., 28
Walker, K. D. 47
Warden, J. M. 56
Welton, C. B. 56
White, C. S. 56
White, D. 23
Wilcox, C. S. 56
Wolfe, E. O. 56
Wood, A. N. 56
Workman, R. 25

14 THE WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

As in the preliminary catalogue, all species that have been
described from known West Virginia types are republished in full.

SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE FLORA.

The distribution of plants within the boundaries of the State
is wonderfully comprehensive. Canada places representatives of
her boreal flora upon its Alleghanian mountain tops, some that
have even passed by the States of New York, New Jersey, Penn-
vania, Delaware and Maryland in the transit ; the Southern States
contribute to its flora through the influence of the mysteriotis
New River on the southeast ; the great trunk lines of railway, as
well as the open condition of the western border line along the
Ohio River, give entrance to individuals of a migratory character
from the Western Plains ; and from some not readily accountable
reason many Eastern forms, and even coast line species stray
within its limits.

Of the noteworthy species we connect in Anemone trifolia,
L., Canby's and Curtiss' Virginian stations with Knipe's Penn-
sylvanian, and that in a direct and sequential manner through
the State. Our elevations for this species range from 850 to
2,300 feet. Trantvetteria Carolinensis (Walt.), Vail, is to be
found along all such mountain rills as are deeply shaded, at alti-
tudes above 1,000. We extend the Manual distribution of Caltha
pahistris, L., southward nearly one degree, by finding it quite
plentiful in the mountains of Randolph County, where Isopynim
trifoliatum (L.) Britt., keeps it company. Hellehorus viridis, L.,
has its most western station on the north branch of the Potomac
River, in Hardy County, whence it was first reported to Dr. Gray
by Dr. Gamble, of Moorefield. Aconitnm uncinatum, L., is at
home all along the banks of Cheat River, at altitudes varying
from 780 to 3,550 feet. Both species of Actaca are to be met
with on the higher Alleghanies, where Cimicifuga Americana,
Mx., is the principal representative of the tribe.

Magnolia Fraseri, Walt., is a striking vernal feature of the
whole Alleghanian region, while tripetala and acnmiiiata are
common. Berbcris Canadensis^ Mill, becomes a veritable weed
in many fields in the southern portion of the State, vying with
Papaver diihiitm, L., and Glaiiciuni Glaucimn (L.), Karst, in the

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 1 5

northeastern section. Biciiculla eximina (L.), Millsp., we have
found only upon the highest peaks of the AUeghanies.

Of the rambhng crucifers, Sisynihrinin Thaliana (L.) Celak,
finds a home in Fayette County, and Lepidinm campestre (L.),
R. Br., is the worst and most prevalent weed in the cultivated
portions of the northeastern section.

Nearly all the violets lend their beauty to the adornment of
the woods and meadows ; Viola pedata, var. bicolor, Pursh., with
flowers as large as the cultivated pansy and fully as beautiful, is
frequent among the Devonian shales of the northeast; Viola
primulac folia, L., comes in from the coast as far as four degrees;
and Viola hastata, Mx., is quite plentiful in the southern section.

Although Slda hcnnaphrodita (L.), Rusby, has not been
found in the AUeghanies as yet, it is not at all rare along the
New and Great Kanawha Rivers, from Quinnimont to the Ohio,
and thence down that river to the limits of the State. Hibiscus
Moschetitos, L., is found not only along the bottoms of the Great
Kanawha, but also in the northeastern part of the State, while
H. Trionnm, L., is a quite common weed in gardens.

All of the native species of Acscnlus, together with the var.
hyhrida of ocfandra, are found in the State. Ailanthtis glandu-
losits is becoming a most troublesome weed in many sections,
especially in the northern counties.

Among the Leguminals we have re-discovered Astragalus
Carolinianus, L., which from our specimens is considered by
Professor Britton to be indistinct from A. Canadensis, L., and
as it has priority of publication, the latter well-known name
becomes a synonym. Another important discovery in this genus
is that A. distortiis, T. and G., habits the Devonian shales of
Hard}^ County, the only station known for the species east of
the Mississippi valley. This species is here associated with
Opiintia polyacanfha. Haw, in great quantity, giving this peculiar
spot in the AUeghanies much the appearance of an arid waste
in Arizona. Stylosaiitlics hainata (L.), Britt., here ventures
farther east than has heretofore been supposed, and finds con-
genial soil along New River in Fayette County. Lespedeza
striata (Thunb.), H. & A., spreads profusely throughout the
southwestern portion of the State. A new clover, TrifoUnm

l6 THE WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

Virgiiiicuui, Small, has been discovered in Greenbrier County, by
Mr. J. K. Small.

The roses are striking- in the many new forms thcv produce ;
Rubus JMillspanglii, Britt., is so profuse in the mountains of
Pocahontas and Pendleton Counties that, according to the moun-
taineers and hunters, it is upon it that the bears depend princi-
pally for fattening food prior to hibernation. Rubus Canadensis
roribaccus, Baily, the Leucretia dewberry, came originally from
Randolph County. Another peculiar Rubus (R. Coluinbianus
Millsp., has 5 to 7-incised leaves of striking character. A new
Spirea (S. J-lrginiana, Britt.), grows plentifully within half a
mile of the University at Morgantown. Mercer County in the
southern section of the State, presents a wonderful array of
Crategi : C. spathulata. C. cordata, C. apiifolia, C. coccinea, C.
tomentosa, C. punctata. C. Crus-galli, C. flava and its variety
pnbcsccns, and C. itniflora were all found during one day's
botanizing in this section.

Of the Calycanths we have all, even the two species recorded
"Virginia doubtful" in the Manual.

Of the saxifrages we have notably, Astilbc dccandra, Don.,
Saxifraga crosa, Pursh., Boykinia aconitifolia, Nutt., Hcuchcra
villosa, ]\Ix., and H. Americana, L., and even the Laboradorian
Ribes prostrotuni, L' Her.

Sedum Piilclielluni, Xezni, ternatiini, telepJiioides, and tele-
phium, are with us. The beautiful Liqiiidanibar Styraciflua ex-
tends limitedly down the Gauley and Great Kanawha. The
Onagracese yield a new form in Ludzi'egia alfernifolia, L., var.
linearifoiia, Britt. The purple and yellow passion-flowers (P.
hitea, L., and, incarnata, L.) grace the thickets.

Passing many minor forms, the Compositre gives us E!e-
pJiantopns Carolinianus, Willd., and tonuvitosns. L. (called, as a
weed, "The Devil's Grandmother") ; Eupaforiuni, coeJeslinuni, L.,
profuse: Solidago Curtisii. S. rupestris, and RiddelUi, Silphiiini
perfoliafuni, L. ; Rndbeckia speciosa. Wend.; HeliantJius grosse-
serratits, Mart., H. doronicoidcs, Lam., and H. laevigatus, T. and
G. ; Verbesina Virginica, L. ; Cacalia snai'eolens, reniforniis, and
atriplicifolia; Cnicus Virginianus, and ptiinilus, Torr. ; Cichorium
Intybns, L. ; Tragopogon porrifolius, L. ; Hieraeiuin Canadense,

WEST NIRCINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 17

Mx., and loiigipiluin, Terr, (extending- both) ; and Chondrilla
juncea, L., called, as a weed, "Naked-weed, Skeleton-weed."

The interesting bell-worts are : the white form of Lobelia
syphilitica, L., and the rare Campanula divaricata, AIx.

Of the rarer heaths Schollcra crythrocarpa, Mx., grows on
the highest peak of the Alleghanies, alt. 4,800 ft. ; Chiogenes
his/^idiila at the Falls of Blackwater ; Mcnzicsia globularis Salisb.,
Clcfhra acuminata, Mx., Moncscs grandiHora, Salisb., and all
tJic Rhododendrons except Rhodora and Lapponicum; even the
rare R. cancsccns (]\Lx.), Porter, being found along the Cacapon
River.

Naiimbergia tJiyrsiflora is found in Upshur Countv and
Mohrodendron Carolinum (called Shittim-wood) is plentiful
along the Gauley and Xew Rivers. Polemonium Van-Bruntiae_
Britt., comes south to our flora, as well as all the Hydrophyllums,
together with Pliacclia Pursliii, Buck, and parvifloya, Pursh.

The beautiful morning-glories, Impomoea coccinea, liedera-
cea, purpurea, and pandurata, are all too plentiful as weeds here;
and Cuscuta glomerata, Gronovii and Epithymuin. have been
found sparingl)-. Physalis viscosa, L.. steals away from "near
the coast" and is found along the Ohio River, keeping company
with Lycium vulgarc, Dun., and Physalodes Physaloides; Gaertn.

The notable Scropliularias are : CoUinsia vcrna, Xutt., Chelone
obliqua, L., and Pcntstemon cancscens. Of the mints we have
notably: Koellia verticilata, clinopodioides. pycanthemoidcs, and
montana. The other mints worthy of remark are: Mcchania
cordata, Clinopodium vulgarc, Scutellaria saxatilis, serrata, iiicarm,
parvula, and nervosa: Marrubium vulgarc, Galeopsis tetrahit, and
Stachys palustris and cordata.

Of the ten Euphorbias the most notable are E. Darlingtonii
and E. Glyptospcrma, var., pubescens, Engl., the latter not having
been previously found east of Iowa as far as we can learn.

The presence of Quercus ilicifolia, Wang, in Hardy County,
extends the Manual distribution southeastward ; and the southing
of 0. macrocarpa, AIx. is also extended by several stations in the
State.

As to the conifers, we have about 270,000 acres of Picea
Mariana, a few representatives of Abies balsamea. Thuya occi-

t8 the west Virginia I'Lora

dentalis, and several species of Pinus, as well as a few scant
growths of Ta.rus Minor.

Among the sedges the principal item of interest is the re-
discovery in Fayette County of what was doubtless the original
type station of Carex Fraseri, And.

Of the Equisetaccae the most notable form so far found is
E. laevigatuin, Braun., gathered in the southernmost part of the
State thus extending its distribution southeastward.

Of the Filiccs, the rarer forms found with us are : Polypo-
dium polypodioides; PcUaca atropurpurca in great quantities in
the southern section; Asplciiiuin phuiatiUdum, montaiinin (plen-
tiful) and angustifolium; Dryoptcris Goldicana, and marginalis
Cystopteris bulbifera: Dicksonia punctilohida; and strange to say
on the summit of Spruce Knob at an altitude of 4,800 ft.
Dryoptcris fragrans, in such great quantity that it is cut and
stacked for fodder, this species being greatly relished by cattle.

Lycopodium luciduhim, L., annotinum, L., ohscurum and its
var. dendroidcum, L., clavattim, and L. complanatum are all
found in the forests of "black spruce along the Alleghanies.

In the mosses, hepatics, and lichens, but little collecting has
so far been done, no systemic searches having been made for
specimens in these classes of plants. In the search for hepatics
incidental to other exploration, in Mercer County, the dry bald
face of a large limestone cave yielded a new species in Plagio-
chila Virginica Evans, as well as a rarity in the eastern flora of
the United States, Radida Xalapcnsis, Mont. Among the mosses
we have been rewarded in our itinerant work by finding two new
forms Dicranodontiitni J^irginicits, Britt. m. and D. Millspaughi
Britt. m., as well as numerous noteworthy species.

Beside these unique forms, we report many species from our
region that have not been before credited to the flora of North
America, include many hitherto unpublished asci and spore
measurements of species otherwise well described, and have
transferred many not before well understood.

The host plants have proven also to be of special interest in
that many of them yield certain species for the first time in the
mycologic literature of this country, and many others pose as
altogether new to Host Indices.

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY I9

THE SYLVA.

The State is very happily located for the growth of forests,
being in the favored belt of temperature between about 37° and
41° north latitude. Within its boundaries trending northeast and
southwest, thus opening the country to the damp, warm winds
from the Gulf, are numerous ranges of the great Appalachian, or
Atlantic highlands, but by far the larger portion of the State lies
on the westward slope of these mountains in the trans-Appala-
chian belt, the waters of which chiefly run northwestward and
southwestward to the Ohio River. The altitude of the country
descends from the Backbone or Alleghany range of the Appala-
chians, from an altitude of from 2,500 and 4,800 feet to 500 at
the southwestern corner of the State on the Ohio, at Kenova.
and about 600 on the same river at WheeHng. The altitude of
the eastern corner of the State at Harper's Ferry is 2']2 feet;
thus the range of altitudes in the State is from 272 feet to about
4,800, giving a climatic range of 3,728 feet, or the equivalent of
about 16° of latitude; consequently West Virginia has extensive
areas of adaptability for every variety of forest growth that
is found within the limits of the northern States east of the
Rocky Mountains.

The most elevated portion of the State is the great eastern
border of the ridgy plateau from which the trans-Appalachian
country descends, a territory some 200 miles in length from the
headwaters of the Big Sandy to those of the North Branch
Potomac, this region is in the main from 2,500 to 4,800 feet in
altitude, and furnishes a congenial home to the black spruce, the
white pine, and other. evergreen trees peculiar to northern lati-
tudes.

West Virginia has a greater amount of hardwood timber in
its forests than any other State in the Union. A thorough exam-
ination convinces us that nearly or quite two-thirds of the State
remains uncleared, and of this about a million and a half
acres is still in virgin forests where the ax of man has never
found its way, and where magnificent specimens of forest growth
stand thickly side by side and reach a towering height, no finer
view of standing timber may be had within the confines of the
Union. These splendid forests covering over twenty-three thou-
sand square miles yield nearly every species found in the north.

20 THE WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

Here trees grow to such size that ordinary methods will not suffice
to handle them, and are frequently so densely compact that the
light of day scarce penetrates their shade, and pathways must he
cut before the ax men can find room to work.

The following list of the trees of the State, giving the
diameter of trunks and width of board yield, is that of the State
exhibit in the F^orestry Building at the World's Columbian Expo-
sition, 1893. The specimens were all gathered, by the author,
during the winter of 1892-3.

Ash (white), Fraxiuus Amcricajia. Logs 40 in., 62 in., 93
in., planks 27 and 33 in., finished boards, plain, 20 and 21 in.,
mottled, 9, 13 and 16 in., figured 9 and 13 in.

Ash (black), F. nigra.

Ash (mountain), Sorbiis Americana. Trunk 8 in.

Ash (prickly), Xantho.vyhim Amcricamim. Trunk 12 in.

A\6.QV {mo\\nt2i\n) , Alnus viridis. Trunk 4 in.

Beech, Fagus atropunicea . Trunks 24 in., 27 in. and 38 in.,
plank 27 in., finished boards 27 and 31 in., quartered boards 7
and 9 in.

Beech (water), Carpinus Caroliniana. Trunk 10 in.

Birch (red), Betnla Icnta. Trunks 34 in., 93 in., 61 in., 48
in., planks 15 and 30 in., finished boards 12 and 16 in., figured
boards 8, 13, and 14 in.

Birch (yellow), Bcfiila Intca. Trunks 34 in., 36 in., 42 in.,
49 m., plank 26 in.

Birch (hybrid), Bctida lento x liitca. Trunk 2 in.

Basswood (white), TiUa Americana. Trunks 32 in., 36 in.,
43 in., 51 in., plank 28 in., finished board 16 in.

Basswood (yellow), Tilia hcterophylla. Trunk 26 in.

Buckeye, Aescnlus glabra. Trunk 29 in.

Buckeye (purple), Ae. octandra hybrida. Trunk 29 in.

Box Elder, Acer Negnndo. Trunk 27 in.

Butternut, Jnglans cincrca. Trunk 12 in.

Balsam Fir, Abies balsamca. Trunk 13 in.

Chestnut, Castanca dentata. Trunks 53 in., 40 in., 62 in.,
78 in., plank 40 in., finished boards 26 in.

Cherry (wild), Prnnus scrotina. Trunks 36 in., 39 in., 48
in,. 53 in., plank 27 in., finished boards 6 and 18 in., bUstered 13,
figured 6 to 19 in., curly 9 to 21 in.

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 21

Cherry (wild), Prunus Pcnnsylvanica. Trunk 14 in.

Cucumber, Magnolia acuminata. Trunk 35 in., plank 26 in.

Cottonwood, Popuhis monilifcra. Trunk 26 in.

Crab (wild), Pyrus coronaria. Trimk 8 in.

Dogwood, Cornus tlorida. Trunks 7 in., 13 in., 28 in.

Elm (White), Ulnius Americana. Trunks 23 in., 42 in.,
61 in.

Elm (red, slippery), U I nuts puhesccns. Trunk 16 in.

Fringe tree, Chionanthns Virginica. Trunk 3 in.

Gum (black), Nyssa sylvatica. Trunk 36 in., plank 27 in.

Gum (sweet), Liquidamhar styraciflna. Block 19 in.

Grape (Fox), Vitis Labrusca. Trunk 22 in., branches 18 in.

Hackberry, Celtis occidental is. Trunk 18 in.

Haw (black). Viburnum pntnifolium. Trunk 5 in.

Hemlock, Tsiiga Canadensis. Trunk 42 in., plank 30 in.,
finished boards 12 and 19 in.

Hercules Club, Aralia spinosa. Trunk 5 in.

Hickory (bitter), Hicoria minima. Trunks 9 and 12 in.

Hickory (red), Hicoria glabra. Trunks 11 and 17 in.

Hickory (shagbark), Hicoria ovata. Trunk 27 in., planks
14 and 18 in.

Holly (white). Ilex opaca. Trunk 10 in.

Holly (mountain), Ilex monticola. Trunk 6 in,

Ironwood, Ostrya Virginiana. Trunks 12 in., 24 in., 38 in.

Juniper, Juniperus Virginiana. Trunk 7 in.

Laurel, Kalmia latifolia. Trunk 8 in., root 24 in.

Locust (yellow), Robinia Pseudacacia. Trunks 18 in., 24
in., 38 in.

Locust (honey), Glcditchia triacanthos. Trunks 14 in., 28
in., 30 in., in thorn 10 in.

Magnolia, Magnolia tripetala. Trunk 15 in.

Magnolia (ear-leaf). Magnolia Praseri. Trunk 12 in.

Mulberry, Morns rubra. Trunks 8 and 11 in.

Mulberry (paper), Papyrius Papyrifera. Trunk 9 in.

Maple (bHstered), Acer saccharum, Marsh. Trunk 26 in.,
boards 9 and 11 in.

Maple (sugar), Acer saccharum, Marsh. Trunks 30 in., 40
in., 48 in., plank 28 in., finished boards 29 in., curly boards 13
to 16 in.

2.2 THE WEST \1RG1NIA FLORA

Maple (black), Acer nigrum. Trunk i6 in.

Maple (white), Acer saccharinn L. Trunks 35 in., 49 in.,
plank 26 in., birdseye boards 10 to 12 in.

Maple (red), Acer rubrum. Trunk 14 in.

Maple (striped), Acer Pennsyhanicum. Trunk 6 in.

Osage Orange, Toxylon poniifcrniii. Trunk 4 in.

Oak (black), Oticrcus vclutina. Trunks 10 and 27 in., fin-
ished board 11 in.

Oak (Spanish), Quercus digitata. Trunks 13 and 18 in.

Oak (swamp), Qncrcns pahistris. Trunk 15 in.

Oak (laurel), Quercus imbricaria. Trunk 10 in.

Oak (chestnut), Quercus Prinus. Trunks 14 in., 27 in., 36
in., finished board 21 in.

Oak (black jack), Quercus nigra. Trunks 18 in.', 23 in.

Oak (white), Quercus alba. Trunks 50 in., 28 in., 32 in.,
61 in., plank 37 in., boards (quartered) 5 to 13 in., quartered
curly 10 in.

Oak (red), Quercus rubra. Trunks 42 in., 54 in., 84 in.,
plank 44 in.

Persimmon, Diospyros Virginiana. Trunk 12 in.

Poplar (yellow), Liriodcndron Tidipifera. Trunk 48 in.,
trunk "wheels" 24, 36, 48, 60, 74, go, and 138 in.; the tree from
which the last wheel came cut 25,000 feet of merchantable boards,
plank 36 and 57 in., cube 36 in., finished boards 27 'to 46 in.

Pine (white), Pinus strobus. Trunk 36 in.

Pine (yellow), Pinus cchinata. Trunk 28 in.

Pine (pitch), Pinus rigida. Trunk 16 in.

Papaw, Asimina triloba. Trunk 8 in.

Rhododendron, Rhododendron maximum. Trunk 6 in.

Red Bud, Cercis Canadensis. Trunks 5^ and 9 in.

Sycamore, Platanus occidcntalis. Trunks 52 in., 36 in,, 40
in., finished board quartered 33 in.

Sassafras, Sassafras Sassafras. Trunk 22 in., finished board
"wavy" 18 in.

Silver Bell, Mohrodendron Carolinum. Trunk 8 in.

Sourwood, Oxydendron arboreum. Trunk 15 in.

Spruce (black), Picea Mariana. Trunks 31, 34, and 49 in.,
planks 8 and 40 in., finished boards 18 and 20 in.

Spicewood, Bencoin Benzoin. Trunk 2 in.

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 23

Sumach, Rhus typhina. Trunk 8 in.

Service, Amakinclucr Canadensis. Trunks 8 and 9 in.

Thorn, Craicgns coccinca. Trunk 10 in.

Tree of Heaven, Ailanthiis glandiilosus. Trunks 8 in., 24
in., 38 in.

Witch Hazel, Haniauidis Virginica. Trunks 4 and 5 in.

Wahiut (black) Juglans nigra. Trunks 30 and 36 in., plank
29 in., finished boards "wavy" 20 in., "figured" 21 in.

Willow (black), Salix nigra. Trunk 12 in.

CATALOGUE.

Fungi.

PHALLACEAE.

ITHYPHALLUS Fries.
I. iMPUDicus (Linn.) Fr.

In the juvenile, egg stage, June 15, 1893, Oct. 28, 1893,
we find the veil under pileus about one-third its length and
part of it encircling the stipe about the middle {Niittall,
983).

N I D U L A R I A C E AE.
CRUCIBULUM Tul.

C. VULGARE Tul.

On sticks and leaves, open woods, and on old cotton cloth,
July 6, 1893 (Nitttall, 1079).

LYCOPERDACEAE.

TYLOSTOMA Pers.
T. MAMMOSUM (Mich.) Fr.

On light soil on rock, March 24, 1893 {Nuttall, 880).

MITREMYCES Nees.

M. LUTESCENS ScllU.

On wet mossy banks, alt. 2,000 ft., March 25, 1893 {Nut-
tall, 881).

GEASTER Mich.

G. MAMMOSUS Chev.

On earth. Short Creek, July 6, 1893 (Nuttall, 1080).

G. HYGROMETRICUS PcrS.

Along Horsepen Creek, McDowell County, July 30-
August I, 1900 (Morris, 1105a).

''Unless otherwise stated, all of Nuttall's numbers in the fungi are
from Fayette Co., near Nuttallburg.

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 25

BOVISTA Dill.
B. LEPiDOPHORA (E. & E.) Dc Ton.

In grass on lawn, Sept. 5, 1893. Clavate 8 cm. high, 12
cm. broad, sterile base 3.5 cm. thick, white cuticle 1.5 mm.
thick, gleba pale yellow (Nuttall 1193).
B. PiLA Berk. & Curt.

Free on open ground. Monongalia Co., near Morgantown
(Millspangh).

LYCOPERDON Tourn.
L. GEMMATUM Batsch.

On ground in woods, alt. 2,000 ft., Aug. 24, 1893 (Nuttall,
1180).

L. FURFURACEUM Schseff.

In grass on lawn, Sept. 3, 1893. Capillitium thicker than
the spores, branches few, 2.5 to 4 cm. in diameter, outer
coat pure while (Nut tall, 11 88).

L. PEDICELLATUM Pcck.

On moss on ground in pine woods, alt. 2,000 ft., March
10, 1893. Pedicels 20 fj. long {Nidtall, 864).
L. PYRIFORME Schseff.

Under bark of Qucrcns palustris, Monongalia Co., near
Morgantown and near Little Falls (Millsi>aus;h) on rotten
wood, Feb. 2, 1893 {Nuttall, 832).

SCLERODERMA Pers.
S. vuLGARE Hornem.

On chips of Picea Mariana, Tucker Co. Falls of Black-
water (Millspangh). Grant Co., on dead logs. Otter Fork
of Cheat; and Monongalia Co., Tibbs Run, plentiful on clay
of a path (Millspangh). In laurel thickets, July 28, 1893.
Spores 10 fjL (Nuttall, 11 25).
S. BoviSTA Fr.

On ground, March 21, 1893 (Nuttall, 876).

BOVISTELLA Morg.
B. Ohioense (Ell. & Morg.) Morg.

In grass on lawn, June 26, 1893 (Nuttall, 1003).

M U C O R A C E AE.

MUCOR Mich.
M. Mucedo Linn.

On open canned fruit left standing (Millspangh). On
dead dry fruit (Asimina triloba, Oct. i, 1895 (Nuttall, 1866,
754)-

26 THE WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

SPORODINIA Link.
S. Aspergillus (Scop.) Schroet.

On dead Agaricus and Boletus, Sept. lo, 1893 {Nuttall,
I 196).

P E R O N O S P O R A C E AE.

CYSTOPUS Lev.
C. CANDiDUS (Pers.) Lev.

On living leaves of Dentaria diphylla, Monongalia Co.,
at Little Falls (Millspaiigh). On Brassica nigra, July 8,
1893 {Niittall, 1082). On Sisymbrium officinale; Raphamis
sativus and Lepidium Virginicum {Sheldon, 686, 1577, 3020,
3291; 1792, 3035; 4457).
C. Ipomoeae-Panduratae (Schw.) Stev. & Sw.

On I porno ea pandurata (Sheldon, 701, 706, 784, 919, 1956,
3159, 3246).
C. Tragopogonis (Pers.) Schroet.

On Senecio aureus and Ambrosia art cmisiae folia {Sheldon,
2960, 3080).
C. Portulacae (DC) Lev.

On Portulaeca oleracea, Julv 8, 1893 (Alittall, 1083).
C. Bliti (Biv.) DeB.

On Amaranthus retrofle.xus, July 20, 1893. Spores 18 to
22 X 15 to 18 IX {Nuttall, 1615).

PLASMOPARA Schroet.
P. viticola (B. & C.) Berl. & De Ton.

On fruit of Vitis Labrusca, Monongalia Co., near Morgan-
town (Millspaugh).
P. CuBENSis (B. & C.) Humphrey.

On cucumbers, Mason, near Elwell, and on Musk Melons,
Ohio, near Elm Grove (Sheldon, 1018, 2009, 2097).
P. OBDUCENS Schroet.

On Impatiens sp. (Sheldon, 2297).
P. Geranii (Pk.) Berl. & DeToni.

On Geranium macidatum (Sheldon, 651, 2967).
P. ribicola Schroet.

On Ribes sp. (Wild gooseberry) (Sheldon, 2446).
P. Halstedii (Farlow) Berl.

On Ambrosia trifida (Sheldon, 2957).

PHYTOPHTHORA DeBary.
P. INFESTANS (Mont.) DeB.

On living leaves and tubers Solanum tuberosum, Monon-
galia Co., near Morgantown (Millspaugh).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 2/

BREMIA Kegel.

B. Lactucae Kegel.

On Lactticca Canadensis and L. hirsuta, June 14, 1894
{Nuttdll, 1549). On Lactuca sativa {Sheldon, 53).

PEKONOSPOKA Corda.
P. OBOVATA Bon.

On living leaves Spcrgula arvensis, Preston Co., near
Terra Alta (Millspaugh).
P. Arthuri Farlow.

On Onagra biennis (Sheldon, 2324).
P. CoRYDALis DeBy.

On Corydalis Havida {Sheldon, 3996).
P. PARASITICA (Pers.) DeBy.

On Lepidinm Virginicwn and Cardaniine Pennsylvanica
{Sheldon, 55, 630, 1330).

E N T O M O P H T H O K A C E AE.

EMPUSA Cohn.
E. MuscAE (Fr.) Cohn.

On Miisca doniestica, Monongalia Co., at Morgantown
{Millspaugh). Very prevalent on a species of Tachina
found on maple leaves in great number in 1892 at Morgan-
town ( Millspaugh ) .
E. GRYLLI Fr.

On tufted caterpillars, on grasshoppers, and on the house
fly, Monongalia Co., at Morgantown {Millspaugh).

S C H I Z O M Y C E T A C E AE.
BACCILLIUS Cohn.

B. TUBERCULOSIS Koch.

In sputa of consumptive {Millspaugh).
B. ACiDi-LACTici (Zopf) Schroct.

In soured Milk {Millspaugh) .
B. suBTiLis (Ehrenb.) Cohn.

In infusion of hay and on exposed boiled potato {Mills-
paugh).
B. Ulna Cohn.

On exposed coagulated e^g albumen {Millspaugh).
B. AMYLovoRUS : (Burrill) Schroet. {Microccus Burrill).

Berkeley : on Mains Mains fruits at Gerrardstown
{Waite). On fruit of Pyrns communis, Monongalia Co.,
near Morgantown (Millspaugh).

28 THE WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

SPIRILLUM Ehrenb.
S. UNDULA (Muell) Ehrenb.

In infusion of hay (Millspaugh).

BACTERIUM Ehrenb.
B. LiNEOLA (O. F. Muell) Cohn.

In infusion of radish (Ulillspaugh).
B. Termo (O. F. Muell.) Ehrenb.

In various decomposing organic substances (Millspaugh).

MICROCOCCUS (Hall.) Cohn.
M. Crepusculum (Ehrenb.) Cohn.

Found associated with Bacterium Termo in decomposing
vegetable infusions (Millspaugh).
M. aurantiacus, Cohn.

Caught on sterilized potato in laboratory (Millspaugh).
M. luteus Cohn.

Caught on sterilized potaoto in laboratory (Millspaugh).

STREPTOCOCCUS Billr.
S. pyogenes (Rosenb.) Zopf.

Micrococcus septicus, Cohn. In blood of dead calf (Mills-
paugh).
S. ureae (Cohn.) Trev.

Micrococcus ureae, Cohn. In decomposing urine (Mills-
paugh ) .

SACCHAROMYCETACEAE.

SACCHAROMYCES Meyen.
S. CEREVisiAE Meyen.

In Pasteur's liquid left uncorked in laboratory (Mills-
paugh).

S. MYCODERMA ReCSS.

On same liquid as above at same date (Millspaugh).

D I A T O M A C E AE.

Cymbella gastroides, Kuetz.
Cym BELLA turgida (Grun.) Greg.
Stauroneis Phoenicentron Ehrb.
Navicula viridis, Kuetz.
Navicula major, Kuetz.
Navicula nobilis (Ehrb.) Kuetz.
Navicula rhomboides, Ehrb.
Navicula borealis (Ehrb.) Kuetz.

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 29

Navicula trinodis, Lewis.

ACHNANTES LANCEOLATA, Brcb.

Synedra ulna (Nitzsch.) Ehrb.

NiTZSCHIA AmPHIOXYS INTERMEDIA, Grun.

M Y X O AI Y C E T A C E AE.

CERATIOMYXA Schroet.

C. FRUTicuLosA (Muell.) MacB. (Det. O. F. Cook.)

Along Delashmeet Creek, Mercer County, altitude 2,090
feet, July 25, 1900 (Morris, 946).

PHYSARUM Pers.

P. ciTRiNUM Schum.

On moss, alt. 2,000 feet, Aug. 2, 1893 (Nuttall, 1160).

P. PULCHERRIMUM B. & R.

On dead wood, July 25, 1893 (Nuttall, 1133).
P. PSITTACINUM Ditm.

On fruit cones of Magnolia Frascri, alt. 2,000 ft., Aug.
12, 1893 (Ntiftall, 1 165).
P. siNuosuM (Bull.) Rost.

On bark of Aralia spinosa, Aug. 16, 1893 (Nuttall, 1154)
P. RUFiPES (A. & S.) Morgan. (Determined by O. F. Cook.)

Along Tugg Creek, Hinton, Summers County, July 10,
1900 (Morris, 945).

LEOCARPUS Link.
L. FRAGiLis (Dicks.)

On Aspidiiim spinulosum and twigs of Tsuga Canadensis,
Nov. 25, 1895 (Nuttall, 1888).

TILMADOCHE Fr.
T. NUTANS (Pers.) Rost.

On dead Aspm'agtis leaves, and dead limbs Magnolia
Fraseri, Nov. 4, 1893 (Nuttall, 1264).

T. GYROCEPHALA (Mout.) Rost.

On dry bark of Hicoria ovata, living leaves of Hydrangea,
etc., Short Creek, alt. 1,300 ft., Aug. 21, 1893 (Nuttall,
1168).
T. viRiDis (Gmel.) ?

On dead limbs Magnolia Frascri, Sept., 1895 (Nuttall,
1856, 744?)

DIDYMIUM Schrad.

D. SQUAMULosuM (Alb. & Schw.) Fr.

On new timber in mine near the entrance, Sept., 1893
(Nuttall, 1342).

30 TPIE WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

DIACHEA Fries.
D. LEUcopoDA (Bull.) Rost.

On dead wood and leaves in damp, shady place, June 23.
1893 {Nut tall, 998).

LAMPRODERMA Rost.
L. vioLACEUM (Fr.) Rost.

On very rotten wet log, Short Creek, alt. 1,300 ft., Oct.
25, 1893 {Nuttall, 1255).

COMATRICHA P. Hoyer.
C. Friesiana (DeB.) Rost.

On rotten log, Nov. 6, 1893 {Nuttall, 1237).

STREMONITIS Gled.
S. FUSCA Roth.

On rotten log, and on Hydnnm sp., April 7, 1893 {Nuttall,
889).

S. FERRUGINEA Ehrh.

On log, Keeney's Creek, June 9, 1893 {Niittall, 973).
S. Smithii MacB. (Det. MarBride.)

Summers, along Tugg Creek near Hinton {Morris 945).

TUBULINA Pers.
T. CYLINDRICA (Bull.) DeC.

On dead log. Spores brown, rough (reticulate?) approx.
6 ju, diameter, Oct. 20, 1893 {Nuttall, 1230).

LINDBLAUIA Fries.
L. EFFUSA (Ehr.) Rost.

Forms large patches on dead Tsuga Canadensis at Short
Creek Cliff and Masterson's Glade, July 15, 1893 {Nuttall.
1130).

CRIBRARIA Pers.
C. AURANTiACA Schrad.

On dead wet log, July 25, 1895 {Nuttall, 1826, 712).

RETICULARIA Bull.
R. Lycoperdon Bull.

On dead log, Short Creek. April 6, 1893 {Nuttall, 888).

ARCYRIA Hall.
A. PUNicEA Pers.

On rotten stump, June 15, 1893 {Nuttall, 979).
A. ciNERA (Bull.) Schum.

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 3I

On damp dead wood and weeds in shade, July 24, 1893
(Nuttall, 1 118).
A. NUTANS (Bull.) Grey.

On dead log, Short Creek. Spores 7.5 /x, July 24, 1893
(Nuttall, II 19).

PERICHAENA Fries.

P. FLAVIDA Peck.

On bark of dead Magnolia Fraseri. Fayette, near Nut-
tallburg (Nuttall).

LYCOGALA Mich.

L. EPIDENDRON Buxb.

On wet dead logs, June 15, 1893 (Nuttall, 995). On
Magnolia Fraseri, Nov. 1895.
L. coNicuM Pers. (Det. O. F. Cook.)

Summers, along Tugg Creek, near Hinton (Morris, 947).

TRICHIA Hall.
T. FALLAX Pers.

On side of dead log, Oct. 19, 1893. Rich reddish-brown
color when fresh, shining pale-brown when dry ; elaters long
and slender pointed, spores 10 to 12.5 /a (Nuttall, 1200).
T. ciiRYSosPERMA (Bull.) DeC.

On decayed wood, Monongalia Co., near Morgantown
(Millspaugh). On dead logs^Feb. 8, 1893 (Nuttall, 842).
T. PROXiMELLA Karst.

On Liquidainbar styracifnia, Feb. 6, 1893 (Nuttall, 836).

HEMIARCYRIA Rost.
H. RUBiFORMis (Pers.) Rost.

Under bark of Fraxinus Americana and Oiicrcus alba,
Monongalia Co., near Morgantown (Millspaugh). On bark
of dead Quercus sp. Feb. 13, 1893 (Nuttall, 843).
H. CLAVATA (Pers.) Rost.

Under bark of wet decaying log Quercus alba. Mononga-
lia Co., near Morgantown (Millspaugh). On dead log, June
15, 1893 (Nuttall, 831).
H. STiPATA Schw.

On dead wet limbs of Magnolia Fraseri, Sept. 16, 1895
(Nuttall, 1847).

H Y P H O ^I Y C E T A C E AE.

OOSPORA Wallr.
O. FASCicuLATA (Berk.) Sacc.

On decaying orange, Jan. 15, 1893 (Nuttall, 1134).

32 THE WEST \1RGINIA FLORA

MONILIA Pers.

j\I. AUREO-FULVA C. & E.

On under side of dead log Liqnidamhar styraciflua, Aug".
29, 1893 {Nut tall, 1186). "

M. FRUCTIGENA Pcrs.

On ripe fruit Primus ccrasus cult. Monongalia Co., near
jMorgantown (Millspaugli). On fruit of Prunus domcstica
cult, and Auiygdalus Pcrsica cult.. June 28, 1893 (Nuttall,
1006).

POLYSCYTALUM Riess.
P. SERicEUM Sacc.

On Oucrcus Prinus, Nov., 1893 (Nuttall, 1335, 293).

OIDIUM Link.

O. ERYSIPHOIDES Fr.

On Zisia cordata, Eupatorium purpurewu and Rubus odor-
atus, Nov. 18, 1893 (Nuttall, 1266, 210).
O. LEUcocoNiuM Desm.

On leaves of Rosa cult., Cabell Co., near Huntington
(Millspaugh).
O. MONiLioiDES Link.

On living leaves Poa pratdisis, Preston Co., near Terra
Alta (Millspaugh). On same host, May 30, 1894 (Nuttall
1512).

BOTRYOSPORTUM Corda.
B. PULCHRUM Corda.

On Lactuca Canadensis, Aug. 23, 1895. Tips of branches
inflated. Spores 7.5 x 2.5 fx (Nuttall, 1844, 735)-

TRICHODERMA Pers.
T. LiGNORUM (Tode) Harz.

Under bark rotten Hicoria ovata Short Creek, alt. 1,250
ft., Dec. 8, 1893 (Nuttall, 1299, 248).

ASPERGILLUS Mich.
A. GLAUcus (Linn.) Link.

On Crategus sp., April 30, 1894 (Nuttall, 1474).
A. GLAUCUS OBLONGispoRUS E, & W. Field. Mus. Bot., I :88
(1896).

Found on Lachnocladiuiu scuiivcstituiu after neglect in
plant press (Nuttall, 1871, 760).

This is either a new species or a distinct variety of A.
glaucus. The smooth oblong-elliptical conidia are quite dif-
ferent from the usual form. Spores 5 to 7.5 x 2.5 to 3 /x.

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 33

A. FLAVUS Lk.

Also found on Lachnoladiiiin scnik'cstitum neglected in
plant press {Xutfall, 1877, 760).
Conidia 4 to 6 /x diameter.

STERIGAIATOCYSTIS Cram.
S. NIGRA V. Tiegh.

On dried peach in garden, Aug. 15, 1893 (Niittall, 1170).

PENCILLIUM Link.
P. GLAUCUM Link.

On Hydnum sp. and Pol\ponis I'arians, Aug. 16, 1893
(Nut tail II 64, 136).

BOTRYTIS Mich.

B. OLIVACEA E. & E. Field Mus. Bot., i :88 (i8g6).

Type habitat: On dead log. Short Creek, alt. 1,800 ft.,
Feb. 26, 1894 (NnttalL discov. 1411, 381). Fungi Colum-
biana, 593. N. A. F.. 3187.

Forming thin olivaceous patches 2 to 4 cm. in extent,
composed of olive-brown, septate threads, about 4 /x, thick,
and dichotomously or oppositely branched above, the short
(15 to 25 fji) branches sub-attenuated above, and bearing
the obovate or elliptical, olive-brown, 6 to 8 x 4 to 4.5 «
conidia at their tips.
B. torta E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad., 1894, 375.

Type habitat : On dead leaves Carcx Frascri, Dec. 10.
18;^ (N'uttall, discov. 1248, 257).

Hyphje simple, sparingly branched, twisted above as in B
strcptothrix or in" Strcptotlirix atra B. & C, brown, 80 to
100 X 3 to 4 /x. forming numerous small brownish-black
tufts, effused or gregarious, on both sides of the leaf. Coni-
dia elliptical brown, 5 to 6.5 x 3 to 3.5 /x.

Differs from B. strcptothrix ( C. & E.) in its much smaller
conidia and more dwarfish growth.
B. vulgaris Fr.

On leaves Magnolia Frascri, alt. 2,000 ft., July 12, 1893;
on burs of Xaiithiimi Canadensc, Nov. i, 1893; on pedicels
of Ipomaca pandurata, Feb. 17, 1894; on decaying Brassica
oleracca, Jan. 18, 1894; on Cicuta macidata, Alarch 18, 1894
(Nut tall, 1 1 16).

A^ERTICILLIUM Nees.
V. osteophilum E. &: E., Field. Mus. Bot., i 189 (^896).

Type habitat: On jaw bone of calf, in woods, Nov. 27,
1894 (Niittall, discov. 1761, 647).

34 TIIK \Vi:ST \IR(;iNIA FLORA

Prostrate sterile hyphce yellowish-brown, distantly septate,
rough, 6 to 7 /A diameter ; fertile hyphze loosely cespitose.
erect septate, smooth, yellowish-hyaline, 7 to 1$ fi diameter,
the primary branches alternate, and is.-uing- at right angles,
bearing opposite or ternately-verticillate branches, the ulti-
mate division 12 to 15 x 4 ju. 3 to 4 in a terminal verticil, with
tips often curved and bearing i to 4 terminal, globose, hya-
line, 3.5 to 4 /a; conidia.
V. ruNicEUM (Cke & E.) Grev.

On dead sticks, June, 1893 {Nutiall, 1115).

TRICHOTHECIUM Link.

T. ROSEUM (Pers.) Link.

On dead dried peach on ground ; on decaying leaves Ilex
verticillata, Sept. 14, 1893 (Nnttall, 1199).

CEPHALOTHECIUM Corda.

C. ROSEUM Corda.

On old Poly poms pergamemis, Short Creek, alt. 1,300 ft.,
Nov. 10, 1893 (Nut tall, 1260, 205).

DACTYLIUM Nees.

D. DENDROIDES (Bull.) Fr.

On Polystictus versicolor, and apparently checking its de-
velopment. Oct. 12, 1893 (Nuftall, 1206). Spores 28 X 10 ju.

RAMULARIA Ung.
R. Celastri Ell. & Mart.

On leaves of Celastrns scandens near the ground. Oct.
II, 1894. Conidia 15 to 28 /* (Nuttall, 1700).
R. TuLASNEi Sacc.

On Fragaria cult., Oct. 2"/, 1894 (Nuttall, 1724).
R. Taraxaci Karst

On Taraxacum Taraxacum, Oct. 20, 1894 (Nuttall, 1722).

D E M A T I A C E AE.

CONIOSPORIUM Link.

C. HARKNESSIOIDES (Ell. & Holl.) SaCC.

On Rumex acctosella, Oct. 20, 1894 (Nuttall, \']2'j, 613).
TORULA Pers.

T. DIMIDIATA,Penz

On Rhus hirta, alt. 1,300 ft., Nov. 21, 1893 (Nuttall,
1273, 220).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 35

T. HERB ARUM Link.

On Asparagus officinalis, Nov. i, 1893 (Niittall, 1240,
186).

PERICONIA Bon.

P. PYCNOSPORA Fres.

On Parthcnocissus qninquefolia, Feb. 20, 1894. Conidia
12.5 to 15 /A diameter. On Ruhus odoratus. On Polymnia
Uz'edalia. On Phytolacca decandra, hyphse 600 x 15 to 16 /x
(N'tiftall, 1413). On Polymnia Uvedalia, spores 12.5 to
15 /x Nov. 16, 1894 (Nnttall, 1743).

GONATOBOTRYUM Sacc.
G. MAcuLiocoLUM (Wint.) Sacc.

On youn.^ sprouts Haniauielis Virginica i to 2 feet hig'h ;
Short Greek, alt. 1,850 ft.. Au^2:. 15, 1894 {Nuttall, 1656).

STREPTO'J'HRIX Corda.
S. ATRA B. & G.

On dead limbs on ground. Conidia 6 to 8 x 4.5 to 5 fx,
Dec. 16, 1893 (Nuttall, 1329).

ZYGODESMUS Gorda.

Z. GRAMINICOLA E. & E.

On Carex Fraseri, spores 7.5 /x Feb. 11, 1894 (A'ltttall,
1374,334)-

Z. PANNOSUS B. & G.

On charred bark, Alay 28, 1894 (Nuttall, 1531, 502).
Z. TILIACEUS E. & E.

On bark of dead Magnolia Fraseri, Fayette, near Nuttall-
burg (Nuttall.)

STAGHYLIDIUM Link.
S. CARiciNUM E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad., 1894, 377.

Type habitat: On dead leaves Carex Fraseri Feb. 11,
1894 (Nuttall, discov. 1375. 355).

Hyphse fasciculate brown, septate 600 to 700 x 3 u simple
or occasionally forked above towards the tip, with short
cylindrical hyaline branches opposite or in whorls of three,
bearing at their tips the elliptical, hyaline 4 to 5 x 1.5 to 2 /a
conidia, collected into a globose head 10 to 12 /a diameter.

FUSIGLADIUM Bonord.
F. DENDRiTicuM (Waller.) Fckl.

On living Pyrus Mains leaves and fruit. Monongalia Go.,
near Morgantown (Millspaiigh).

36 THE WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

F. ViRGINIENSE E. & E. sp. IIOV ?

Type habitat: On living leaves Aster infiruius, June 29,
1894 (Nutfall, discov. 1593, 541).

POLYTHRINCIUM Kunze & Schm.

P. Trifolii Kunze.

On Trifoliniii rcpcns, July 4, 1894 (Nuttall, 1588)

CLADOSPORIUM Link.

C. HERBARUM (Pers.) Link.

On Polygonatum hiflorum, Menispermum Canadcnse, and
leaves of Rhus hirta, June 28, 1894 (Nuttall, 1564).

C. HERBARUM FASCICULARE Corda.

On Reseda cult., Jan. 28, 1894. Conidia 15 to 18 x 6 to
7.5 /x I to 2 septate (Nuttall, 1354).
C. NiGRELLUM E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad., 1893, 463.

Type habitat : On inner bark of Robinia Pseudacacia
railroad ties, Keeney's Creek, Oct. 1893 (Nuttall, discov.
1227, 172).

Hyphse densely tufted, septate, sub-equal, 150 to 200 x 5
to 6 /x, tufts effused, subconfluent, forming a black, velvety
coat extending over the surface of the bark indefinitely, with
the same habit as Macrosporium nigrellum C. & E. Conidia
smoky-hyaline, becoming pale brown, variable in size, the
smaller ones ovate, continuous or uniseptate, 6 to 8 x 5 /x,
the larger ones oblong-elliptical or sub-cylindrical, 2 to 3-
septate, 12 to 15 x 5 to 6 /x.
C. Triostei Peck.

On living leaves Triostcnin pcrfoliatum, alt. 1.200 ft., July
26, 1894 (Nuttall, 1824).
C. epiphyllum (Pers..) Mart.

On dying leaves Robinia Pseudacacia, July 31, 1893 (Nut-
tall, II 39).
C. corynitrichum E. & E.

On leaves of Magnolia Fraseri. Fayette, near Nuttall-
burg (Nuttall).

C. sp.

On dead decorticated limb Magnolia Fraseri, Sept., 189s
(Nuttall, 1853, 739).
A most beautiful velvety black form.
C. epimyces Cooke.

On pileus Polyporus varians, Jan. 25, 1894 (Nuttall,

1341)-

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 37

CLASTEROSPORIUM Sz.
C. CORNUTUM E. & E., Field Mus. Bot., 1:92 (1896).

Type habitat: On decaying wood, Oct. 21. 1895 (Nutt-
all, discov. 1883).

Hyphse prostrate, septate, branched, brown, about 6 ,a
diameter, eiTused in black velvety patches i to 2 cm. across.
Conidia in pairs or threes, horn-shaped, 10 to 14 septate. 100
to 225 X 14 /x, broadest below, gradually tapering above to
an obtuse point, curving outward at the base, rising and
spreading out above like the horns of an ox. The conidia
are but slightly constricted at the septa and are sessile on
the hyphas, appearing at first as a simple nodule or tubercle
on the side of the thread.

Allied to C. Hirudo Sacc, but that has solitary multisep-
tate (55 to 65) conidia and evanescent hyphse.
C. siGMOiDEUM E. & E., Bull. Torr. Club, 24:472 (1897).

Hyphse effused, crooked, septate at intervals of about 15 i^,
forming an olive-black stratum on the bark for many cm.
in extent, subcespitose, 300-400 x (6-7 /x ; conidia broad-fusoid,
sigmoid (ends curved in opposite directions), 4 (excep-
tionally 5) septate and slightly constricted at the septa, in-
termediate cells brown, end cells hyaline, 40-70 x 12-15 /^'
mostly subtruncate above.

On dead limbs of Castanca. Fayette, near Nuttallburg,
March, 1896 {Nuttall, 819).

HELAIINTHOSPORIUM Link.

H. PERSiSTENS Cooke.

On branches of Acer in pine woods, alt. 2,000 ft , March
9, 1894. Conidia 75 to 150 x 10 to 15 jx (Nuttall, 1421, 392).
H. macrocarpon Grev.

On decorticated limbs Platanus occidcntalis. Oct. 6, 1895
{Nuttall, 1887). On Magnolia Fraseri, Nov., 1895.
H. folliculatum Corda.

On Zea Mays, Aug. 2, 1895 (Nuttall, 1835).

H. ATTENUATUM Pcck & Cookc.

On dead log, Short Creek, alt.* 1,800 ft., Tune 10, 1894
(Nuttall, 1547).

H. SEPTEMSEPTATUM Pcck.

On Magnolia Fraseri, June 20, 1894 (Nuttall, 1574. 534).
H. brachypus E. & E., Field Mus. Bot., i :92 (1896).

Type habitat: On dry wood of old log. ( )ct. 8, 1895
(Nuttall, discov. 1873, 757).

Efifused in brownish-black patches of several centimeters
in extent, velutinous, thin. Prostrate hyphse only sparingly
branched, obscurely septate, crooked ; fertile hyphse ces-

38 Till-: WllSr NIKCINIA FLORA

pitose, erect, 40 to 50 x 4 to 6 ^u,, 2 to 3 septate, abruptly
constricted at the tips and snbtruncate. Conidia terminal,
oblong-fusoid, 5-septate brown, not constricted at the septa,
30 to 40 X 12 to 14 u, with a short (8 to 10 fi) obconical,
hyaline or pale-brown, persistent pedicel, which is sometimes
prolonged into a hyaline thread as long as the spore. This
prolongation may iDe something- of the nature of a pith or
medulla drawn out of the supporting hypha and remaining
attached to the pedicel.
H. FusiFORME Corda.

On old barrel staves. Fayette, near Nuttallburg (Ntiftall).

CERCOSPORA Fres.

C. Armoraciae Sacc.

On Roripa Arinoracia. Conidia 175 x 5 ju, Aug. 26,
1894 (Nuttall, 1687, 593).
C. Caulophylli Peck.

On living leaves Caiilophylluiii tlialicfroidcs. Grant Co.,
near Bayard (Millspaugh).
C. VioLAE Sacc.

On Viola obliqna, Aug. 10, 1895 (Nuttall, 1841, 731).

C. GRANULIFORMIS Ell. & Hol.

On living leaves Viola obliqna, June 28, 1894 (Nuttall,
1565)-

C. OCULATA E. & K.

On leaves J\^rnoiiia Novcboraccnsis, Aug. 6, 1894 {Nutt-
all, 1682).
C. Vernoniae E. & K.

On leaves Vcrnonia Novcboraccnsis, Oct. 10, 1894 (Nut-
tall, 1698).

C. OMPHACODES Ell. & Hol.

On Phlox amocna, July 14, 1894 (Nuttall, 1605).
C. Diantherae E. & K.

On leaves of Diaiithcra Auicricana. Oct. 23, 1895 (Nutt-
all, 1879).
C. An'icularis Wint.

On living leaves Pol\s;onuni ai'icularc, July 5, 1895 (Niitt-
all, 1815}.^
C. DUBTA (Riess) Wint.

On Chcnopodiuui album riridc, July 4, 1894 (Nuttall,
1587).
C. r.ETicoLA Sacc.

On leaves Beta I'ulgaris, Oct. 4, 1894 (Nuttall, 1692).

C. BOEHMERIAE Pcck.

On leaves Bochnieria cylindrica, Oct. 5, 1894 (Nuttall,
1694).

WEST \TRGINiA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 39

C. ACALYPHAE Peck.

On leaves Acalypha Virgiinca, Oct. 3, 1894 {Nuttall,
1691).
C. Ampelopsidis Peck.

On Parthcnocissus qiiiiiqiicfolia. Conidia-l-40 x 3 fi, June
30, 1894 (Nuttall, 1578).
C. IMenispermi E. & H.

On leaves Mcuispcniium Canadeiisc. Conidia-j- 77 x 5 /x
June 26, 1894 (Niittali'. 1562)
C. Ageratoides E. & E.

On Eupatoriuiii ai^cratoidcs, Oct. 14, 1894 (Xuttall, 1706).
C. Anthelmintica Atk.

On living leaves Chciiopodiiiin anthcliiuiiticnui, Oct. 15,
1894 (Nuttall, 1713, 601)
C. Kalmiae E. & E.

On leaves Kalinia latifoUa, Aug. 15, 1893 (Nuttall, 1167).
C. Oenotherae E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad., 1894, 380.

Type habitat: On leaves Onagra biennis, Oct., 1894
(Nuttall, discov. 1704, 599)

Spots irregular, mostly elongated, grayish-brown, sub-
angular. 3 to 5 X 2 to 3 mm. subconfiuent. Hyphae amphi-
genous, sub-hyaline, continuous or faintly i to 2 septate,
15 to 20 X 3 /x in minute scattered tufts, few in a tuft,
spreading subundulate. Conidia linear or only slightly at-
tenuated above, smoky-hyaline, nucleate and faintly 3 to 5
or more septate, 25 to 80 x 2 to 2.5 ix straight or only
slightly curved.
C. Chionanthi E. & E., Eield Mus. Bot., i 194 (1896).

Type habitat: On living leaves Chionanthus Virginica,
Sept., 1895, (Nuttall, discov. 1852, 738).

Spots variable in shape, subindefinite, dark brown, gray-
ish above, 2 to 4 mm. diameter. Hyphae epiphyllous, ces-
pitose, 75 to 150 X 3.5 to 5 IX, brown, septate, and sub-
geniculate or subundulate above. Conidia fusoid or clavate,
becoming brown, 3 to 5-septate, 30 to 60 x 4 to 4.5 fi.
C. SEPTORioiDES E. & E. Field Mus. Bot., 1:94 (1896).

Type piabitat : On leaves Riibus Canadcusis, Oct. 16,
1894 (Nuttall, discov. 1725, 610).

Spots dirty-brown, irregular, subangular, more or less
limited by the veinlets, 2 to 3 mm. diameter, definite, but
without any differently colored border. Hyph?e epiphyllous,
cespitose on a small tubercular base, simple, sub-entire, con-
tinuous, brownish, 20 to 25 x 3 (x. Conidia cylindrical,
slightly curved, hyaline, nucleate, 35 to 63 x 2 to 2.5 /x.

Differs from C. Rubi Sacc. in its narrower conidia with-
out septa, and its shorter hyphse.

40 Tin-: WEST \irginia flora

C. RuBi Sacc.

On leaves Riibiis Canadensis, Nov., 1894 {Xnttall, 178s.
676).
C. DEPAZEOiDES (Desiii.) Sacc.

On Samhucus Canadensis, July 26, 1894 (Nuttall, 1626).
C. Smilacis Thum.

On living leaves Sinilax rotnndifolia, Monongalia Co.,
near Camp Eden (Milisl^angh). On Sinila.v rotnndifolia
(Nuttall, 1573, 533).
C. ciTRULLiNA Cooke.

On living leaves of the Watermelon. ]\Iason, near Point
Pleasant and Elvvell {Sheldon).
C. Smilacina Sacc.

On leaves Suiilax glauca, Aug. 26, 1894 {Xnftall, 1653,
573)-

C. COLUMN ARIS E. & E.

On Pliaseolus -c'nlgaris cult. Oct. 13. 1895 (Nuttall, 1870).
SPORODESAIIU^I Link.

S. TORULOIDES E. & E.

On dead twigs Cornns florida, June 10, 1894 (Nuttall.
1548, 514).

S. sp.

Type habitat: On Tsuga Canadensis, Feb. 3, 1894
(Nuttall, discov. 331).

S. MORIFORME Pcck.

On Opulaster opulifolins, May 12, 1894. Spores 25 to
40 X 25 /^ (Nuttall, 1503, 483).
S. aurantiacum B. & C.

On a dead stick, Short Creek, July 25, 1893 (Nuttall.

1132, 115)-
S. coNciNNUM Berk.

On wet dead sticks in association with Clavaria niucida,
Oct. and Nov., 1893. Conidia 112 to 115 x 30 to 32 /i,;
65 to 100 X 30 fi (Nuttall, 1233).

SPEIRA Corda.

S. MINOR Sacc.

On Piniis Virginiana, Dec. 15, 1894. Conidia 30 x 10 fx

(Nuttall, lyys^ 664).

MACROSPORIUM Fr.

M. COMMUNE Rabh.

On dead stems of garden Asparagus officinalis, conidia-r
40 X 15 IX, Nov. I, 1893 (Nuttall, 1222). On petioles of

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 4I

Aralia spinosa, conidia 75 x 20 /x {Nnttall, 358). On Riuncx
obtusifolius, Rhus radicans and Ciciita maciilata? {Nnttall).

M. ■ sp.

Type habitat : On dead stems Polyuinia Uvcdalia, Nov.
3, 1893 (Nnttall, discov. 1736, 623).

M. Abutilonis Speg.

On AhiitUon AhutUon, July 21, 1895 (Nnttall, 1836).

•M. sp.

Type habitat : On decayed fruit Diospyros Virginiana,
April 25. 1895 (Nnttall, discov. 1825, 711).
M. AscLEPiADEUM Cooke ?

On Asdepias Syriaca, Nov. 3, 1894 (Nnttall, 1730).

M. CAUDATUM C. & E.

On dead flowers of Yucca cult., Sept. 5, 1894 (Nnttall.
1680, 587). On stems of Phytolacca dccandra, conidia 88

X 20 IX.

M. Saponariae Peck.

On Saponaria offtciualis, Oct. 6, 1894 (Nnttall, 1695).

M. olivaceum E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad., 1894, 383.

Type habitat : Parasitic on Sphaeropsis Asiininae on
dead limbs of AsUnina triloba, Alarch, 1894 (Nnttall, discov.
1418, 388).

Forms a li_2:ht olive velutinous coat over the pustules of
the Sphaeropsis. Hyph?e tufted, yellowish brown (under
the microscope), septate, erect, nearly straight or subun-
dulate, 80 to 100 x 4 to 5 ^u,. Conidia obovate or obpiriform,
3 to 5-septate and muriform, brown, 24 to 38 x 15 to 20 ju.
terminal, sessile. Conidia also occur subcubical or subglobose
15 to 20 /I diameter with 2 septa crossing each other at
right angles.

M. antennaeforme P). & C.

On Celtis occidentalis, Aug. 11, 1894 (Nnttall, 1652).
Conidia-f95 x 15/^.

M. sp.

Type habitat: On pods of Datnra Strainoninin, Feb. 10,
1894 (Nnttall, discov. 1369, 326).
M. Tomato Cooke?

On ripe fruit Lycopcrsicnm escidenttini cult. Spores
shorter than described. Sept. 9, 1893 (Nnttall, 1195). Same
host ^Monongalia Co., at ]\Iorgantown, prevalent 1891 (Mills-
pan gh).

M. Maydis C. & E.

On leaves Zca Mays cult., with conidia smaller than de
scribed. Nov.. 1893 (Nnttall, 1334, 292).

42 Till-: WLiST \TRG1XIA II.( )KA

TRICHAEGU-M Cn-da.
T. NODULosuM E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad., 1894, 385.

Type habitat: On dead leaves Carcx Frascri, Feb. 11,
1894 {Niittall, discov. 1373, 333).

Erunipcnt, tufted, becoming subetTused, l)lack, tufts gre-
garious, forming subvelutinous patches 2 to 4 mm. across,
or when standing singly the hyphcC and conidia forming a
compact mass .5 to i mm. diameter, and resembling some-
what the sorus of a Pncciiiia. Hyph?e simple sparingly fasci-
culate, brown, septate, often swollen at the septa, about 4 n
thick and 200 to 300 ju, long. Conidia near the base of the
hypha:^, at first elliptical, yellowish-hyaline, uniseptate, 8 to
10 X 6 to 7 ju,, soon becoming 4 to 6-septate, muriform and
opaque, 10 to 25 fx diameter, subglobose, obovate, or elliptical.

SEPTOSPORIUM Corda.

S. EouiSETi Peck, Rep. State Bot. N. Y., 1892, 25.

Type habitat: Tips of living leaves Equisctnm arrcnsc,
Doddridge Co., near Center Point, and Monongalia Co., on
College campus, Alorgantown (Millspaugh, discov. 1891).

Hyphae forming minute tufts, the fertile very short, bear-
ing acrogenous spores, the sterile longer, septate, colored ;
spores elliptical, usually with three transverse septse and
one or two longitudinal ones, colored, .001 in. long, .005 in.
broad.

ALTERNARIA Nees.

A. Brassicae nigrescens Pegl.

On Alusk-melons, Ohio, near Elm Grove (Sheldon).

SARCTNELLA Sacc.

S. heterospora Sacc.

On Ccrcis Canadensis, Oct. 16, 1894 {Nnttall, 1726, 610).

S T I L B A C E AE.

STILBUM Tode.

S. MAGNUM Peck.

In cracks of bark, Nov. 6, 1893. Spores 2.5 x 1.25 ,u
(Nuttall, 1278, 225).
S. FLAViPES Peck.

On dead driftwood Plafcnus occidcnfalis, Dec. 12, 1894
(Nuttall, 1767).
S. erythrocephalum Ditm.

On dung of Rabbit, Jan. 18, 1894 (Nuttall, 1345, 304).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 43

S. vuLGARE Tode?

On fallen dead leaves, Short Creek, July 25, 1893 ( Xuttall,
112,7, 120).

PILACRE Fries.
P. GRACiLiPES E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad., 1894, 386.

Type habitat: On rotten wood. Short Creek, alt. 1,750
ft., Dec. 16, 1893 {Nnttall, discov. 1219, 274).

Scattered, stem slender, white-pruinose, 3 mm. long, .25
to .33 mm. thick. Head hemispherical, olivaceous, about i
nniL diameter. Fertile hyphse hyaline, dichotomously
branched, 2 to 2.5 /x thick, bearing the conidia laterally.
Conidia globose or subglobose, yellow-brown under the
microscope, 4 to 5.5 /x diameter.

Smaller and of a more slender growth than P. Pctcrsii
B. & C.
P. Petersii B. & C.

On Acer sacclianmi and Hex opaca, Feb. 10, 1894 (Nutt-
all, 1371). C)n Magnolia Frascri, Nov., 1895.

ISARL\ Pers.

I. ViRGiNiENSis E. & E. Proc. Phila. Acad., 1893, 465.

Ty'pe habitat : On the young stroma of Hypo.vylon

rnhiginosumf June 30, 1893 {Niittall, discov. 1109, 95, 102).

Stromata gregarious, simple, slender-clavate, 1.5 to 2 mm.

high. Yellowish-white, obtuse and subcapitate at the apex,

curved, often decumbent, clothed nearly to the base with

spreading, hyalme, dendroid, 1.5 to 2 fi branching hyphse

(sporophores) 40 to 45 x 2.5 jU, their tips often toothed and

bearing i to 4 elliptical or ovate, hyaline 3.5 x 2.5 /i conidia.

Analogous to /. iimbriiia Pers {Insfitalc acarifonnc Fr. ),

but differs in several respects.

I. CLAVATA Ditm.

On dead sticks on ground. June, 1893 (Xittlall, mo).

CERATIU^I A. & S.
C. hydnoides (Jacq.) Alb. & Schw.

On rotten log, June 10, 1893 (Nuttall, 976).

SPOROCYBE Fr.
S. Rhois (B. & C.) Sacc.

On Rhus copallina, March 24, 1894, spores 7.5 x 2 to 2.5 /*.
On Rhus hirfa, March 28, 1894, spores 10 x 2.^ jj. (Xuttall,
1430).
S. AzALEAE (Peck) Sacc.

On capsules of Rhododendron nwxinuiui. Dec. 12. 1893.

44 'i'HE WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

Conidia varying from globular through elliptical to cyl-
indrical, dark brown, outer coat easily ruptured, lo x lo,
8 X 5, 12 X 5, 15 X 7.5 /. (Nnttall, 1307).

T U B E R C U L A R I A C E AE.

TUBERCULARIA Tode.

T. VULGARIS Tode.

On twigs, Feb. 23, 1893. On Rohinia Pseudacacia, Dec.

1, 1893. On Aralia spinosa, Dec. 13, 1893. On Sainhiicus
puhens. On Acer Ncgundo, April 20, 1894 (Niittall, 942)
On limbs of dead Rhus hirfa, Monongalia Co., near Morgan-
town, 1891 {Millspaugh).

T. HAMATA E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad., 1894, 386.

TvPE HABITAT : On dead limbs of Celtis occidentalis. Feb.

2, 1894 {Nnttall, discov. 1357, 313)-

Depressed hemispherical, umbonate, soon becoming black,
.5 to 1.5 mm. diameter, Conidia oblong, slightly curved,
hyaline, 5 to 8 x 1.5 to 2 /a on slender simple sporophores
30 to 40 II long, incurved or involute at the tips.

T. sp.

On Asimina triloba, Feb. 22, 1894. Flesh colored spores
18 to 22 X 3 /x (Nnttall, 1391, 361).

T. sp.

Conidia of Nccfria verrucosa. On dead twigs Moras rubra
July 25, 1895 (Nutfall, 1827, 715).
T Sambuci Corda.

On Sainbucus pubcns, Feb. 26, 1894 (Nnttall, 1409).
T. Celastri Schw.

On Celastrus scaudcns, April 25, 1895. Spores S to 6 x 2 «
(Nnttall, 181 1 ).

DENDRODOCHIUM Bon.

D. AFFixE Sacc.

On bark wet dead stumps, Oct. 24, 1893 (Nnttall, 1229,

174")-
D. rubellum microsporum Sacc.

On dead limb Magnolia acuuiiuata, Aug. 16. 1894, Short
Creek, alt. 1,000 ft. On Liriodeudroii Tulipifera (Nuttall.

^659)-

TUBERCULINA Sacc.

T. persicina (Ditm.) Sacc.

Parasitic on Uredo (Cseoma) nitens, that on Rubus Bailey-
anus. June 10. 1894 (Nnttall, 1557, 527).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 45

ILLOSPORIUM Mart
I. CAESPiTOSUM E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad., 1894, 385.

Type habitat: On rotten log, Nov. 15, 1893 (Niittall,
discov. 1286, 231).

Sporodochia globose, 100 to no /* diameter, cespitose,
forming tufts about i mm. diameter. Hyphse 6 to 8 /x, thick,
branched, the branches curved or tortuous. Conidia globose
or ovate 6 to 12 /^ diameter.

Differs from / coccinclbini Cke. in its color, and larger
cespitose sporodochia.
I. MALiFOLioRUM, J. L. Sheldon, Torreya, 8:139-41 (1908).

Spots suborbicular, or coalescing and becoming irregular,
brown or sometimes mottled with gray and with a small gray
spot near the center, 5 to 15 mm. in diameter; sporodochia
hypophyllous, minute, gelatinous, yellowish-amber and black-
ening, subspherical when moist (i^Ofx), becoming disc-shaped
or irregular when dry (60 to lOO/x,) ; sporophores branched;
conidia hyaline, oblong, i x 3.5 to 4^.

On leaves of Mains in various parts of the State (SJieldon),
Greenbrier, near \\'hite Sulphur Springs (IVaitc).

HYMENULA Fr.
H. CEREALis E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad., 1894, 386.

Type habitat : On wheat straw Triticum sp. brought in
from Painesville, Ohio, May 24, 1894 {Nuttall, discov. 1520,

495)-

Sporodochia gelatinous, orbicular, yellowish-amber color

becoming darker, at first sub-pulvinate, becoming depressed
or flattened, .5 to .75 mm. diameter. Basidia slender, 25
to 30 X 1.25 ju, simple or oftener branched. The branches
erect. Conidia hyaline, oblong, minute. 3 to 4 x i to 1.25 fx.

CYLINDROCOLLA, Bon.
C. Dendroctoni Peck, in ]\Iillsp. Flora, W. \'a., 1892, 516.

Type habitat : On dead insects, Dcndroctonns frontalis,
beneath the bark of pine. Hampshire Co., near Romney,
(Millspaugh).

The insects are probably killed by this fvmgus, as they lie
dead in their burrows in the inner bark of the tree (Piiins
Virginiana).

Sporodochia minute, forming irregular masses, soft, some-
what waxy, white or whitish ; sporophores slender, abun-
dantly branched above, often compacted below into a short
stem-like base, spores catenulate, short cylindrical, subtrun-
cate, colorless, .00016 to .0002 in. long, .00008 to .0001 in.
broad.

46 Tin-: WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

On some of the insects there is a cottony or flocculent
mass of white mycehum interwoven in a somewhat reticulate
manner, and collected in strings or bundles. It bears no
fruit, but is probably a luxuriant growth of the mycelium
of this fungus.

Occasionally the fungus seems to spread from the insect
to bark immediately adjacent to it.
C. FLAGELLARis E. & E. Field Mus. Bot., 1:100 (1896).

Type habitat: On dead stem of Heliantfius decapetalus,
Dec. 3. 1894 {Nnttall. discov. 1762, 650).

(C. lactea S. & E. partly, Sacc. No. 3550.)

Sporodochia gregarious, subglobose, subhyaline and gela-
tinous when fresh, lens-shaped, with a thin spreading mar-
gin, orbicular, .33 to .50 mm diameter, yellowish-amber color
(whitish in the center) when dry. Sporophores densely
fasciculate, flagelliform 2 to 3 times dichotomously branched,
80 to 100 /x long, separating into the short cylindrical, hya-
line, 4 to 5 X I ju, conidia.

This was included by Saccardo in Michelia II, p. 581, in
Cyliiidrocolla lactea, S. & E. (on rotten wood of Kalmia),
but dififers in the shape and color of the sporodochia and the
sporophores only 2 to 3 times dichotomously branch. C.
lactea retains its white color when dry, and resembles young
Lasiosphaeria ovina.

SCORIOMYCES Ell & Sacc.

S. Cragini E. & S.

Under loose bark of dead Hicoria sp.. Short Creek, alt.
.1,250 ft., Nov. 21, 1893 (Nnttall, 1272, 219).

VOLUTELLA Tode.

V. ciliata (A & S.) Fr.

On decaying leaves of Pruuus cult, in grass, June 20,
1893 {Nnttall, loio).

BACTRIDIUM Kunze.

B. FLAVUM K. & S.

Under decaying bark of Querats alba. Monongalia Co..
near Morgantown (Millspaugh).

HELISCUS Sacc.

H. LuGDUNENSis Sacc.

On dead limbs of Ilex opaca, thrown in wet places one
year previously, March 16. 1894; sporodochia + 2 mm. diam-
eter, conidia 30 to 33 x 5 |U, (Nnttall, 1427, 400).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 47

FUSARIUM Link.
F. CULMORUM Smith.

On heads of ripe Hving wheat. MonongaHa Co., Laurel
Point (Millspaugh).

"This specimen combines the characters of a number of
so-called species, making it difficult to say which it really
is. Probably they are all forms of one species." Professor
Peck (in letter).
F. SARCOCHROUM (Desiii.) Sacc.

On Acer Negundo, April 24, 1894 (Nuttall, 1482, 462).
F. ALEURiNUM E. & E., Bull. Torr. Club, 24:476 (1897).

Sporodochia compact, subtuberculiform-effused_ and sub-
confluent, reddish-orange, mycelium white; fertile hyphse
erect, imuch branched, branches erect; conidia terminal,
fusoid, slightly curved, continuous or faintly 1-3-septate
nucleate, 35 to 45 x 2.5 to 3 /x.

On wheat flour spilt on the ground and left exposed four
months. Fayette, near Nuttallburg (Nuttall).
F. OxYDENDRi E. & E. Bull. Torr. Club 24:477 (1897).

Sporodochia tuberculiform, about i mm. diameter, slate-
color, subcartilaginous, truncate or concave above, erumpent
through, and closelv surrounded by the ruptured epidermis;
hvphc-e branched, hyaline, nucleolate (olivaceous in the
mass) ; conidia arcuate, nucleate, continuous (as far as
seen), 40 to 60 x 2.5 to 3 /x.

Allied to F. Scln.'cinitcii Ell. & Hark., but that has conidia
oblong, obtuse. 20 to 30 x 6 ix.

On Oxxdendron arborenm. Fayette, near Nuttallburg.
March, 1896 (Xuttall. 827).
F. ROSEUM Link.

On follicles of Asclcpias Syriaca, May 31, 1894. Conidia
55 X 4 /x + 6-septate (Xuttall, 1530, 503).

F. ROSEUM \'ar. nov?

On dead fruit of Diospyros Jlrgiiiiana, Aug., 1895 (Nutt-
all, 1831, 721).
F. SoLANi Mart.

Found associated with "black rot" on Tomato fruits that
have fallen to the ground. Monongalia Co., at :\Iorgantown,
1891 (Millspaugh).

F. sp.

On stems of Asparagus oMcinalis, Oct. 28. 1893. Color,
light-pink. Conidia oblong to obovate 7.5 to 10 x 2.5 m
(Nuttall, 1239, 1248. 185).

48 THE WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

IMICROCERA Desm.

M. ERUMPENS E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad., 1894, 386.

Type habitat : On dead limbs of Tsiiga Canadensis,
March, 1895 (Nnttall, discov. 1398, 371).

Sporodochia scattered, depressed-globose, .5 mm. diam-
eter, at first covered by the epidermis, raising it into little
whitish pustules, then erumpent and closely embraced by
the ruptured epidermis, at first orange-red, then becoming
nearly black, and finally leaving subcupuliform cavities in
the bark, when dry. Conidia falcate to fusiform, multinu-
cleate, and finally three or more septate, 60 to 83 x 3 to 4.5
(ji hyaline, narrowing to a slender point at each end, borne
on short sporophores (20 to 35 /x), which are more or less
branched above.

Differs from M. coccophila Desm. in the shape of the
sporodochia and their subcuticular origin.

(The additional description, incorporated in this relation
of the specific characters, is by E. & E.)

EPICOCCUM Link.

E PURPURASCENS Ehrenb.

On cardboard box in grass, April 13, 1894 (NuitaH, 1453).
E. NEGLECTUM Desm.

On living leaves of Avena sativa and Catalpa Catalpa,
Monongalia Co., at Morgantown, 1891 (Millspaitgh).
E. DuRiAEANUM Mont.

Underside of outer bark of Robinia Pseudacacia, Nov. 10,
1893 (Nuttall, 1285, 229).

EPIDOCHIUM Fries.

E. MELANOCHLORUM Dcsm. ?

On Carex Frascri, Feb. 11, 1894 (Nuttall, 1376, 337).

TRIMMATOSTROMA Corda.

T. Americana Thum.

On Sali.r nigra, March 21, 1894 (Nuttall, 1437, 410).

HYPHELIA Fries.

H. TERRESTRLS Fr.

On damp ground. June 18, 1893 (Nuttall, 1016).

WEST \IRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 49

SPHAEROPSIDEAE.
S P H AE R I O I D A C E AE.

PHYLLOSTICTA Pers.

P. Paviae E. & E.

On Aescuiits ocfaiidra hybrida and HaiuamcHs Virgijiica,
June 10, 1894 {Xiittall. 1539). (P. sphacropsidca E. & E.)

P. CARYIGENA SaCC.

P. Caryac E. & E. On living leaves of Hicoria ovata and
H. microcarpa, June 30, 1894 (Nuttall, 1580).
P. Celtidis E. & K.

On living- leaves of Ccltis occidentalis, Oct. 10, 1894 (Nutt-
all, 1 71 5, 603).
P. Hamamelidis Pk.

On living leaves of Hamaiuclis Jlrgiiiica, June 10, 1894
(Nuttall, 1556).
P. Catalpae E. & M.

On living leaves of Catalpa Catalpa, July 25, 1895 (Nutt-
all, 1623).

P. Sanguinarlae Wint.

On living leaves of Sangninaria Canadensis, June 29, 1894
(Nuttall, 1567).
P. Ipomoeae E. & K.

On Ipomoea pandnrata, Sept. 19. 1895. Spores 5 to 10
X 2 to 2.5 IX (Nuttall, 1861, 749).
P. solitaria E. & E.

On Malus Malus and coronaria, Monongalia, near Alor-
gantown (Sheldon). Berkeley, on Mains Malus at Gerrards
town (Waite).
P. Haynaldi Roum.

On Ilex vcrticUlata. Oct. 5, 1895. Spores ^ to 8 x 2.5 to
3 /x (Nuttall, i^y2, 756).

P. RiBis E. & E. Field Mus. Bot., i :io2 (1896).

Type habitat: On leaves of Rihcs cult. Oct. 21. 1895
(Nuttall, discov., 1882, 768).

Spots large, irregular in shape, .5 to i cm. or often con-
fluent along the margin of the leaf for 2 cm., rusty brown,
becoming whitish or grayish, and mostly zonate, definite, but
without any differently colored border. Perithecia epiphyl-
lous, scattered, 150 to 200 fi diameter, the apex prominent
and black. Sporules oblong-elliptical, hyaline, granular and
nucleate, 15 to 22 x 6 to 9 fx.

Distinguished from P. ribicola Fr., and P. Grossiilariae
Sacc. by its much larger sporules.

50 THE WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

P. Althaeina Sacc.

On Ahutiloii Aviccnnac. Fayette, near Nuttallburg (Nutt-
all.)
P. Galacis (Cke).*

On leaves of Galax aphylla, May 4, 1894 {Xnttall, 148G,

474)-
P. Ampelopsidis E. & M.

On Parthenocissus quinqncfolia, June 18, 1893 (Xiittall,
1014).
P. asiminae E. & K.

On living leaves Asimiua triloba, Monongalia Co. near
Camp Eden, 1891 (Millspaitgh). On same host June i,
1894, spores 8 to 10 X 6 /x (Nnttall, 1517).
P. QuERCus-PRiNi E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad., 1894, 356.

Type habitat: On leaves Oncrcus Priiius, June 29, 1894
{Nuttall, discov. 1594, 542).

Spots orbicular, rusty brown, definite, with a very narrow
border, 2 to 3 mm. diameter. Perithecia epiphyllous, scat-
tered, erumpent, 90 to no /a diameter. Sporules ovate or
oblong, hyaline, mostly a little curved, 5 to 6.5 x 2 to 2.5 /x.
This comes very near PJi. Ludoviciana E. & E., but in
that species the spots are larger, perithecia more prominent
below, and sporules rather larger. Ph. marginalis E. & E.
also has similar sporules, but the perithecia are hypophyllous.
P. MACROSPORA E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad., 1894, 355.

Type habitat : On leaves of Liriodcndroii Tnlipifcra,
Aug. 7, 1894 (Nuttall, discov. 1654, 574).

Spots few, suborbicular, ferruginous-gray, 3 to 5 mm.
diameter, with a narrow, raised, darker border. Sporules
oblong elliptical hyaline, nucleate, 15 to 30 (mostly 20 to
25) x6to 7/1.
P. PiRiNA Sacc.

On Mains Mahis, Greenbrier, at White Sulphur Springs
(Waite, 716).
P. Rosae Desm.

On Rosa hiimilis. Spores 6 to 7.5 x 2.5 /x Sept. 18, 1895
(Nuttall, 1863).
P. gentianicola (DC).

On leaves of Gentiana Andrezcsii, Sept. 19, 1895. Spores
oval, 7.5 x 5 /i, (Nuttall, 1857).
P. RHOicoLA E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad., 1894. 356.

Type habitat : Rare, on leaves Rhus radicans. Aug. 18,
1894 (Nuttall, discov. 1668, 567 in partV

Spots 4 to 6 mm. diameter, deciduous, grayish-white, with

*Phoina Galacis Cke., Messrs. Ellis & Everhart decide from our
specimens that this species belongs in Phyllosticta.

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 5 1

a narrow black border. Perithecia epipliyllous, scattered,
lOO to no /x diameter, convex-prominent above, visible also
below. Sporules narrow-elliptical, hyaline, 2-nucleate, 5 to 6
X 2 to 3 /x.

Differs from P. toxica, E. & M., in larger deciduous spots
with a narrow border, and its narrow-elliptical sporules.
P. LiNDERicoLA E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad., 1894, 354.

Type habitat : On leaves Benzoin Benzoin, Aug. 26,
1894 {Nuttal, discov. 1688, 593).

Spots various; punctiform and minute without any definite
border, often irregular in shape i mm. to i or 1.5 cm. diam-
eter, or marginal, forming a narrow strip along the edge
of the leaf for half its length, pale brown, nearly the color
of weather-beaten wood, with a dark (almost black) border.
Perithecia epiphyllous, hemispherical, 100 to 120 fj. diameter,
covered by the blackened epidermis which is raised into
pustules barely pierced at the apex. Sporules oblong-el-
liptical, hyaline, 4 to 7 x 2 to 3 ju,.

This differs in almost everv respect from Ph. Linderae
E. & E.
P. Smilacis subeffusa E. & E.

On Smilax rotundifolia, Sept. 21, 1894 {NuttaU, 1701,
594). Perithecia scattered over surface of dead dry leaves
of the host.
P. OxYDENDRi E. & E., Field Mus. Bot., i : 104 (1896).

Type habitat : On leaves of Oxydendron arboreuiii, Oct.
10, 1894 {Nnttall, discov. 1717, 605).

Spots suborbicular or elliptical, reddish-gray, 3 to 8 mm.
diameter, with a narrow, slightly raised dark red border,
beyond which the leaf is generally shaded reddish-purple.
Perithecia epiphyllous, subapplanate, 100 to 120 ^u, diameter.
Sporules oblong-elliptical, 2-nucleate, hyaline, 7 to 8 x 2.5 to
3 /A. The spots finally become of a lighter, dirty-white color.
P. Celastri E. & E., Field Mus. Bot., 1:104 (1896).

Type- HABITAT : On leaves Celastnis scaiidciis, Oct., 1894
(NuttaU, discov. 1718, 606).

Spots mostly marginal, 8.5 to i cm. diameter, ferruginous,
definite, with a narrow, darker border. Perithecia epiphyl-
lous, subapplanate, 150 fi diameter. Sporules oblong, 7 to
10 X 2 to 2.5 IX hyaline, 2-nucleate.
P. globifera E. & E., Field Mus. Bot., i 1104 (1896).

Type habitat: On leaves Conins florida, Oct. 24, 1894
{Nnttall, discov. 1728, 615).

Spots marginal, light-brown, continuous, extending across
the tip of the leaf and partly down each side, 5 to i cm.
wide, separated from the green part of the leaf by a narrow,
purple margin. Perithecia amphigenous, discoid, black, lOO

52 THE WKST VIRGINIA FLORA

to 112 |U, diameter. Sporules globose or short-clliplical. hya-
line, granular, 6 to 8 x 5 to 6 ;ii.
P. Negundinis Sacc.

On Acer Negmido, July 5, 1894. Sporules 5 to 10 x 3 to
7.5 IX {NuttaU, 1631, 560, 561).

P. ^ sp.

On Gciirn Canadensc, Oct. 24, 1894 (N^ittall, 1733).
Spores irregular 4 to 7.5 x 1.5 to 2.5 /x, 2-nucleate.
P. ACERICOLA E. & E.

On living leaves Acer sacchariiiiiin, Putnam Co., near

Buffalo, 1891 (MillspaugJi). On leaves A. ruhnim, June

24, 1894 (Nuttall, 1 561).

P. Xanthorrhizae E. & Nuttall, Field Mus. Bot., i :io5 (1896).

Type habitat : On leaves Xanthorrhisa apiifolia, Nov.

3, 1893 {Nuttall, discov. 1738, 625).

Spots subelliptical, dirty-white in the center with a dark
shaded margin, 3 mm. to i cm. long x 2 to 8 mm. wide,
finally more or less deciduous. Perithecia seated on the
white part of the spots, epiphyllous, subdiscoid, perforated
above, 60 to 75 /x diameter. Sporules oblong-elliptical, hya-
line, 2-nucleate, 5 to 6 x 2.5 to 3 ix.

Accompanied by a Macrosporium on the same spots.

P. sp.

On leaves Rnbiis Canadensis, Nov. 3, 1894. Sporules
variable in form, 5 x 1.25 to 2 ;u, (Nuttall, 1747, 627).
P. cercidicola E. & E., Field Mus. Bot., 1:105 (1896).

Type habitat: On leaves Cercis Canadensis, Nov. 21,
1894 (Nuttall, discov. 1751).

Spots suborbicular, .5 to i cm. diameter, rusty-brown, be-
coming lighter, paler below, margin narrow reddish-purple.
Perithecia epiphyllous, convex, suberumpent, but covered
(except the apex) by the epidermis, no to 150 /x diameter.
Sporules oblong, slightly narrowed and rounded or obtusely
pointed at the ends, hyaline, 2 to 3-nucleate, 15 to 20 x 6
to 7 /x. _

Differs in the character of the spots, and in the presence
of a perithecium, from Gloeosporium Cercidis, E. & E.
P. Araliae E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad., 1894, 355.

Type habitat : On leaves Aralia spinosa, Sept. 20, 1895
(Nuttall, discov. 1703, 598 588?).

Spots suborbicular, light-brown with the margin a little
darker, 5 to i cm. diameter. Perithecia epiphyllous. some-
what flattened, 100 to 150 /x diameter. Sporules oblong-
elliptical, hyaline, 2-nucleate, 10 to 15 x 5 to 6 pi.
P. Sassafras Cooke.

On leaves Sassafras Sassafras, June 28, 1894. Sporules
5 to 7 X 2 to 3 /.I (N lit tall, 1566).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 53

P. Sambuci Desm.

On leaves Sauihiicus Canadensis, July 20, 1894 {Niittall,
1614).
P. Labruscae Thum.

On living leaves Vitis cult. (Concord), Wood Co., near
Lockhart's Run, 1891 {Millspangh). On leaves of V. ocsti-
valis and riipestris, June 29, 1894 {Nuttall, 1569).
P. cornicola (D. C.) Rabh.

On Cornus Horida, Nov. 5, 1894 {Nuttall, 1748, 638).
P. CooKEi Sacc.

On leaves Magnolia acuminata, Aug. 9, 1894. Sporules
15 to 20 X 6 to 7.5 IX (Nuttall, 1655, 577).
P. Tiliae Sacc. ,

On leaves Tilia Americana, Aug. 10, 1894. Sporules 7
to 8 X 2.5 to 3 /^ (Nuttall, 1672, 579).
P. Chionanthi Thum.

On Chionanthus Virginica, Aug. 10, 1895. Spots darker
than in type (from Portugal). Spores round or oval, 5
M or 7.5 X 5 /* (Nuttall, 1833, 724).

P. LiRIODENDRICA SaCC.

On leaves Liriodendron Tidipifera, June 16 and Oct. 29,
1894. Sporules 7.5 to 10 x 2 to 3 /x (Nuttall, 1571). P.
Liriodendri. Cke.
P. Ulmi West?

On leaves Ulmus pubeseens, July 9, 1894. Sporules + 16
X 7.5 fji (Nuttall, 1 63 1, 563).
P. pi-ioiMiFORMis Sacc.

On leaves Onercus Prinus and 0. alba, July 4, 1894.
Sporules 15 to 30 x 6 to 8 ju, (Nuttall, 1585).
P. Castaneae E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad., 1894, 357.

Type habitat: On leaves Castanea puniUa (not on Cas-
tanea vesca as originally published). July 26, 1894 (Nuttall,
discov. 1639, 570).

Spots orbicular, rust-color, with narrow dark-shaded mar-
gin. Perithecia epiphyllous, scattered on the spots, dark,
semierumpent, 100 /x diameter, often collapsing. Sporules
oblong, hyaline, 5 to 7 x 2 to 2.5 jx.
P. Lappae Sacc.

On Arctium Lappa, July 20. 1894 (Nuttall, 1613).
P. DioscoREAE Cooke.

On lesLves Dioscorea z'illosa, June 29, 1894 (Nuttall, 1570).
P. Opaca E. & E. Eield Mus. Bot., 1:106 (1896).

Type habitat : On leaves of Ilex opaca. Oct. 5, 1895
(Nuttall, discov., 1881).

Spots mostly marginal or terminal, of irregular shape.
I and 2 cm. across, dirty-white, with a raised subferruginous
narrow border. Perithecia evenly scattered, subepidermal,

54 THE WKST \IRC.INI A FLORA

sublenticular, black, raising the epidermis into pustules, 200
fi, diameter. Sporules elliptical, hyaline, 3 x 1.5 jU..

Differs from P. Ilicis E. & E. only in its minute sporules.

PHOMA Fries.

sp.

On Opiilastcr opidifoHus, May 7, 1894 (Nuttall, 15 10,
494). Spores 7 to 10 x 2.5 to 3 /x.
P. NEGUNDiNicoLA RAMicoLA E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad., 1894,

357-

Type habitat: On dead twigs Acer Neguiido, April,
1894 (Nuttall, discov. 1483, 465, 466?).

Perithecia evenly but not thickly scattered, globose, small,
.2 to .33 mm. diameter, covered by the slightly ruptured
epidermis, but distinctly prominent. Sporules oblong, el-
liptical, or ovate hyaline, with a single large nucleus, 10 to

13 X 4 to 5.5 IX.

Differs from the typical form, on the dead peduncles, in its
broader sporules, the former being but 2.5 to 3 /x.
P. Pennsylvanica E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad., 1894, 357.

Type habitat: On dead limbs Acer Pennsylvanicum,
Feb. 2, 1894 (Nuttall. discov. 1361, 318).

Perithecia numerous, evenly scattered, subepidermal, .33
to .5 mm. diameter, whitish inside, raising the epidermis
into minute pustules, but scarcely rupturing it. Sporules
subglobose, 6 to 7.5 fx diameter, nearly hyaline.

P. Asclepiadea E. & E., Field Mus. Bot., 1:107 (1896).

Type i-iabitat : On dead stems of Aselepias Syriaca, Oct.
10, 1894 (Nuttall, discov. 1717, 604).

Perithecia thickly, but evenly scattered, subelliptical, no
to 120 fx in the longer diameter, subcuticular, covered by
the blackened epidermis, which is raised into minute pustules
but scarcely ruptured. Sporules oblong-elliptical, 2-nucleate,
hyaline, 5 to 6 x 2 to 2.5 /x. On curved (almost hooked)
basidia 12 to 15 /x long.

Differs from the next form, which occurs with it on the
same stems, in its larger perithecia and sporules and its
curved basidia.
sp.

On dead stems Aselepias Syriaea. Oct. 10, 1894 (Nuttall).

P. MELALEUCA B. & C.

On petioles Aralia spiiiosa, April 25, 1895 (Nuttall, 1810)

P. LEUCOSTOMA LcV.

On Opulaster opulifolius, May 13, 1894. Sporules 2.5 to
4 X I (It (Nuttall, 1506, 487).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SUR\EY 55

P. MIXTA B. & C.

On fire-killed Liriodcndvon Tnlipifcra, Oct. i6, 1894. Spo-
rules appendiculate at each end, 2-niicleate, 7 to 10 x 2 to 3
IX, oblong fusoid ; the accompanying- filiform process hooked
at the apex 20 x .75 to 1.5 /* {Nuttall, 1709).
P. scAijRA Sacc.

On Plataniis occidciitalis, ]\Iarch 30, 1894 (Nuttall, 1459,

434)-
P. OBSCURANS E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad., 1894, 357.

Type habitat: On leaves of Fragaria cult., July 8. 1894
(Nuttall, discov. 1600, 554).

Spots 5 to 8 mm. diameter, with a ferruginous center
and broad purple border, paler below. Perithecia few, scat-
tered, convex prominent. Sporules oblong-elliptical, hyaline
2-nucleate, 4.5 to 5.5 x 1.5 to 2 /a. Basidia simple, lanceolate-
fusoid, 8 to 12 X 1.5 M-

Phyllosticta fragaricola Desm. has similar sporules, but
the spots are much smaller, with a white center. The basidia
also indicate Phoma and not Phyllosticta.
P. iLicicoLA (C. & E.) Sacc.

On leaves of Ilex opaca, June 18, 1893 (Nuttall, 1017).
P. Spiraeae Desm ?

On Opulaster opidifolius, May 13. 1894. Sporules 10 to
13 X 2 /i, (Nuttall, 1508, 489).
P. herb ARUM West.

On Ouagra biennis, ]\Iarch 18, 1894 (Nuttall, 1435, 406).
P. Phytolaccae B. & C.

On stems Phytolacca dccandra, July 31, 1893 (Nuttall,
1 140).
P. pedunculi E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad., 1894, 357.

Type habitat : On old peduncles Magnolia Fraseri, Jan.,
1894 (Nuttall, discov. 1339, 297).

Perithecia scattered, flattish pustuliform, .5 to .75 mm.
diameter, with a prominent papilliform ostiolum. Sporules
fusoid-oblong, hyaline, 2 to 3 nucleate, 7 to 11 x 2 to 2.5 ,u
ends acute.

Differs from Stagonospora pedunculi in its larger, flatter
perithecia and fusoid-oblong fnot cylindrical), rather shorter
sporules.
P. UVICOLA B. & C.

On Vitis cult. (Concord), July 4, 1893 (Nuttall, 1108. 94).
P. Nyssaecarpa Cooke.

On dead limbs Nyssa aquatica, April 15. 1895 (Nuttall,
1809, 696). Sporules 10 x 3 ju.
P. samararum Desm.

On samaras Acer P ennsylvanicum , Feb. 2, 1894 (Nuttall,
1363, 321).

56 THE WEST VIRC.INE-V FLORA

P. Smilacina (Peck) Sacc.

On Smilax rotuiidifolia, Aug. 17, 1894. Sporules about
18 X 6 to 7.5 /x {Nnttall, 1660).

APOSPHAERIA Berk.

A. PEZizoiDES E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad., 1894, 358.

Type habitat: On decorticated trunks of Plataniis oc-
cidentalism Salix nigra falcata, Betula nigra, Fraxinus sp.,
and Liquidainbar Styraciflua, on abrasions made by drift-
wood and ice. where it seems to grow exclusively and al-
ways below high-water mark, April, 1894 {Ntittall, discov.
1458, 432).

Perithecia erumpent-superficial, seriate-aggregate, hemis-
pherical, about .75 mm. diameter, with a distinct papilli-
form ostiolum, at length collapsing and pezizoid or discoid.
Sporules elliptical or ovoid, 4 to 6 x 2.5 /x ends obtuse.

DENDROPHOMA Sacc.

D. Therryana Sacc. & Roum.

On Platanus occidcntalis, April 19, 1894 {Nnttall, 1463).

SPHAERONAEMA Fries.

S. Physocarpi E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad., 1894, 358.

Type habitat : On dead stems Opulastcr opnlifolins,
May, 1894 (Nnttall, discov. 1504, 484).

Perithecia gregarious, erumpent-superficial, hemispherical,
ISO fi diameter, with a straight, stout beak 90 to 115 /x long.
Sporules narrow-elliptical, hyaline, 2 to 3-nucleate, 7 to 9
X 2.5 fJ..
S. iNFUSCANS E. & E. Field Mus. Bot., i : 109 (1896).

Type habitat: On dead dry wood Jnglans cincrca.,
Dec. 5, 1894 (Nnttall, discov. 1766, 661).

Perithecia gregarious, erumpent-superficial, hemispherical,
brownish-black, about .25 mm. diameter, with a short cyl-
indrical (.33 mm.), shining-black, obtuse, perforated ostio-
lum. Sporules abundant, elliptical, continuous, hyaline 3 to
4 X 1.5 /x on basidia simple or branched below, about 12 /*
long and .5 /x thick at the base, narrowed above.

The surface of the wood is blackened.

S. Acerinum Peck.

On Acer rnbrnni, June 12, 1894 (Nnttall, 1543).

S. CORNEUM C. & E.

On Onagra biennis, Jan. 21, 1895 (Nnttall, 1791, 682 in
part).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 57

S. Magnoliae Peck.

On Magnolia acnniinata, Short Creek, alt. i,ooo ft., Aug.
i6, 1894 {XiittaU, 1658). Sporules lo x 6 /a nucleus large.

SIROCOCCUS Preuss.
S. Halesiae E. & E., Proc, Phila. Acad., 1894, 358.

On dead limbs Mohrodendron Caroliiiuni {Halesia tet-
raptcra) Feb. 26, 1894 (XiittaU, discov. 1407, 377, 376?)

Perithecia scattered, or 2 to 3-cornate, erumpent, sub-
globose about .33 mm. diameter, black, with a minute papil-
liform ostiolum. Sporules subglobose, about 3 p. diameter,
greenish-hyaline, 3 to 6-concatenate, the terminal sporule
oblong and paler. Chains simple or sparingly branched,
arising directly from the proliferous layer without any dis-
tinct basidia. collected in stellate clusters.

VERMICULARL\ Fries.
V. PHLOGiNA Fairm.

On dead leaves Phlox ainociia, Sept. 15, 1894 (Xuffall,
1606).

V. COM PACTA C. & E.

On Rnbiis odorafiis, May 30, 1894; sporules 20 to 25 x
30 /A {Xuffall. 1513). On Canlophyllum thalictroides (552).

V. PETIOLORUM Schw.

On Aralia spinosa, and on Robinia Psendacaciaf . Feb. 17,
1894 (Xutfall, 1388, 356).
V. Toxica E. & E., sp. nov?

On Rhus radicans, Aug. 18, 1894 {Xuffall, 1669, 569).
V. Dematium (Pers.) Fr.

On Cassia Marilandica, Oct. 28, 1893 (Xutall, 1251, 193).
On Heuchera Americana.

V. Dematium var.

On Oiiagra biennis. ]\Iarch 9, 1894 (Xutfall, 1434, 405).
V. Arctii Schw.

On dead leaves and petioles Arcfium Lappa, on ground.
July 21, 1894, Sporules fusiform slightly curved + or —
20 X 3 ;«,. Setae 35 to -f 125 x 3 to 5 /^ {Xuffall, 1617).

V. SUBEFFIGURATA Schw.

On fruit peduncles Magnolia Fraseri in association with
Stagonospora pedunculi E. & E., July 25, 1893 {XuftaU,
1136).

V. SUBEFFIGURATA SCAPINCOLA Schw.

Bases of dead leaves Yucca filamentosa cult., Feb. 19
1894. Sporules 18 x 2.5 ^, largest setse 200 fi {Xutfall, 1367).
V. Trautvetteriae Nuttall, sp. nov.

Type habitat : On dead leaves Trautvetfcria Caroliiunisis,
July 15. 1894 {Xutfall, discov. 1633).

58 THE WEST \1KC,1XIA FLORA

Perithccia very small, scattered. Sponiles curved, sharp
pointed, 18 to 25 x 2.5 to 3 fi. Setae + 100 x 10 /x.

V. LILIACEARUM Wcst.

On Asparagus officinalis, Vagnera racemosa, Clintonia uni-
heUidata and Iris cristata? Nov. i, 1893 (Niittall, 1241, 188).

DOTHIORELLA Sacc.

D. AsiMiNAE E. & E., Field Mus. Bot., 1:110 (1896).

On Asimina triloba, Feb. 2, 1894 {Nuttall, 1392, 362}.

Sporules 5 to 7 x 2 to 3 ;ii oval or oblong, some of them

slightly curved. Perithecia suberumpent, seriate, .25 mm.

diameter, white inside and out, ovoid, in series of 3 to 5,

raising the epidermis into short ridges split along the top

so as to expose the pallid white apices of the perithecia.

Sporules oval or elliptical, hyaline, 5 to 7 x 2 to 3 ju..
D. MINOR E. & E., Field Mus. Bot., i :iio (1896).

Type habitat : On dead limbs Liriodcndron Tulipifera

April II, 1895 {Niittall, discov. 1804, 691).

Perithecia seriate-subconfluent, .5 to .75 mm. diameter,

irregularly ruptured above, white inside, erumpent, splitting

the epidermis into short (2 to 4 mm.) longitudinal cracks.

Sporules elliptical, hyaline continuous, 5 to 7.5 x 3 to 3.5 ju.

Dififers from D. Liriodendri, Cke. in its much smaller

sporules.
D. GLANDULOSA (Cooke) Sacc ?

On Ro'binia Psciidacacia, March 14, 1894 (Ntittall, 1423,

395)-

FUSICOCCUM Corda.

F. Ilicinum E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad., 1894, 359.

Type habitat : On dying, transplanted. Ilex opaca
(transplanted Dec. 28, 1893), May 24, 1894 (Nuttall, discov.
1521, 496).

Stromata cortical, convex, about i or 1.5 mm. diameter,
multilocular, whitish inside, the tuberculiform apex pierced
with a single pore, rupturing the epidermis and slightly
raising it. Sporules fusoid, hyaline, nucleate 15 to 22 x 2.5

to 3 fX.

F. nervicolum E. & E, Bull Torr. Club, 25:509 (1898).

Stromata mostly on the midrib and nerves of the leaf,
elliptical, 400-600 /x. long, subcutaneous, black, convex, the
subconoid apex erumpent : sporules narrow-elliptical, hy-
aline, subacute, 2-nucleate, 7-10 x 2.5-3 f^-

On old fallen leaves of Magnolia Fraseri, Nuttallburg.
May, 1898 {Nuttall, g^o).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 59

CYTOSPORELLA Sacc.

C. CARNEA E. & E., Bull., Torr. Club, 24:287 (1897).

Stroma at first tuberculo-hemispherical and covered by
the epidermis, soon erumpent through the transversely or
laciniately ruptured epidermis, brown outside, white and
of firm consistence within (except the central portion), mul-
tilocular cells light-colored ; sporules elliptical, hyaline, con-
tinuous, 5-7 X 2.5-3 M-

The stroma is about 1.5 mm. wide and i mm. high and
finally shrinks away from the ruptured epidermis and then
is more or less distinctly flesh-colored.

On dead limbs of Castanea. Favette : near Nuttallburg,
^larch, 1896 (Nuttall).

CYTOSPORA Ehrenb.

C. Celtidis E. & E.. Proc. Phila. Acad., 1894, 360.

Type habitat : On dead limbs Ccltis occidenfalis, Feb. 2,
1894 (Nuttall, discov. 1358, 314).

Stroma valsoid, flat, thin, 1.5 to 2 mm. diameter, only
penetrating the surface of the bark, multilocular, gray in-
side, raising the bark into small pustules and finally ruptur-
ing it, cells representing perithecia. Sporules allantoid, 6

to 7 X I to 1.5 ;U,.

C. Halesiae E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad., 1894, 361.

Type habitat : On dead limbs of Mohrodendron Caro-
limim (Halesia tctraptcra) . June 7, 1894 (Nuttall, discov.
1540).

Stromata convex-conical, sunk in the bark, orbicular, about
I mm. diameter, white inside, unilocular, the inner surface
of the cavity lined with simple straight basidia about 15 r.
long, bearing the oblong-fusoid, hyaline, 2-nucleate, straight,
5 to 7 X I to 1.5 /i sporules, which are expelled through a
single orifice perforating the raised epidermis.

This probably is the spermogonial stage of Diaporthe
Halesiae or D. fctraptcrac, both of which are found in com-
pany with it.

C. leucostoma (Pers.) Sacc.

On cultivated Prnnus doincstica and Amygdaliis Pcrsica,
Dec. 12, 1894 (Nuttall, 1769).

C. EXASPERANS E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad., 1894, 360.

Type habitat: On dead limbs Acer Pennsylvamcum,
Feb. 2, 1894, Short Creek, alt. 1,300 ft. (Nuttall, discov.
1366).

Stroma buried in the bark, orbicular, about i mm. diame-
ter, 4 to 6-celled (at length one-celled), prolonged above

60 TilE WEST VIRG[NIx\ FLORA

into a stout, conical beak opening by a single round pore at
the apex. Sporules oblong or allantoic!, hyaline, 5 to 7 x

1.25 IX.

C. sp.

On Chioiiaiithus Virginica, March 28, 1894 {Nnttall,
1455, 427).

C. TUAiuLosA E. & E. Bull. Torr. Club, 24:288 (1897).

Stroma cylindric-conical, erumpent, brown, lighter inside,
about I mm. broad, the upper erumpent part .75 mm. high,
sporigerous cells perithecioid, whitish, globose, sunk in the
lower part of the stroma ; sporules allantoid, hyaline, curved,
6-8 X 1.5 fx.

On dead buds of Magnolia Fraseri. Fayette : near Xut-
tallburg, March, i8g6 {Xuttall, 808).
C. Persicae Schw.

On Auiygdaliis Pcrsica cult. "Early Rivers," Ji^i^e 30,

1893 (Niiitall, 1 106).
C. sp.

On Ccrcis Canadensis, April 10, 1894 {Nuttall, i^yi,
447). Spores 5 to 6 X .75 (x.
C. Rhoina Fr.

On Rhus liirta, June 20, 1894. Sporules 5 to 8 jw. {Nut-
tall, 1 551, 636).
C. caryigena E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad., 1894, 359.

Type habitat: On dead limbs Hicoria ovata, May 31,

1894 {Nnttall, discov. 1524, 513).

Stroma cortical, convex. 1.5 to 2 mm. diameter, slaty-
black, 4 to 6-celled, cells yellowish-white, subglobose, small.
Sporules allantoid, hyaline 3.5 to 4.5 x .75 to i jx.

(Spermogonia of Valsa caryigena, B. & C.) ?
C. Riiois-hirtae Nuttall, Field Mus. Bot., 1:112 (1896).

On Rhus hirta, June 10, 1894 {Nuttall, 1533, 635).

The form is clearly distinct from C. Rhoina Fr. Cutus
reddish yellow. Perithecia very prominent. Spores 8 to
10 X 2 to 2.5 fx.
C. Sassafras E. & E. Field Mus. Bot., 1:112 (1896).

Type habitat : On fire-killed twigs of Sassafras Sassa-
fras, Dec. 20, 1894 {Nuttall, discov. 1766, 666). Jamaica,
Long Island (F. C. Stewart).

Stromata thickly scattered, conical, rising from an or-
bicular base about i mm. diameter, the black, shining apices
erumpent and roughening the bark, at first multilocular,
becoming unilocular. Sporules allantoid, hyaline, only
slightly curved, 4 to 5 x 1 /x borne on simple, straight basidia
about 12 IX long.

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 6l

C. Betulina Ehr?

On Betula nigra, Feb. 20, 1894. Cirrus yellowish, spor-
ules, 4 to 6 X I /i, {Nuttall, 1396, 367).
C. Salicis (Corda) Rabenh?

On Salix nigra, March 22, 1894 {Nuttall, I42g).
C. Platan I Fckl.

On Plataniis occidcntalis, March 14, 1894 {Niittall, 1424,

396).
C. LEUCOSPERMA (Pcrs) Fr.

On Carpinus Caroliniana, Nov. 17, 1893. Sporules 5 x
I n {Nuttall, 12^7).

C. CERATOPHORA SaCC.

On Fraximis Pennsylvanica, Oct. 17, 1893 {Nuttall, 1234,

163).
C. CuRREYi Sacc?

On Pinus Virginiana, Dec. 13, 1844; on Tsuga Canadensis,
April 15, 1895 {Nuttall, 1771, 697).
C. cocciNEA (Reb.) Fr.

On Robiuia Pscndacacia, Feb. 2, 1894. Sporules 3 x .75
fi {Nuttall, 1355).

C. sp.

Spermogonia of Valsa goniotoma Sz. ? On fire-killed
Liqnidamhar StyraciHiia, Oct. 21, 1895 {Nuttall, 1884).

C. ORTHOSPORA B. & C. ?

On Robiuia Pseudacacia, April 20, 1894. Sporules irregu-
lar in shape 12 to 18 x 2.5 to 3 /x {Nuttall, 1478, 458).

C. CARPKOSPERMA Fr.

On Asimiiia triloba, Nov. 5, 1893 {Nuttall, 1292, 237).

SPHAEROPSIS Lev.
S. LiNDERAE Peck.

On dead twigs Benzoin Benzoin, April 8, 1895 {Ntdtall,

1795)-
S. AsiMiNAE E. & E., Proc, Phila. Acad., 1894, 361.

Type habitat: On dead limbs Asimina triloba, Feb. 24,
1894 {Nuttall, discov. 1397, 370).

Perithecia scattered or subseriate, buried in the bark which
is raised into little pustules over them and soon ruptured.
Perithecia small (.25 mm.) thick-walled, with an obscurely
papilliform ostiolum. Sporules oblong-elliptical, brown, ob-
tuse, 18 to 22 X 8 to 10 n..
S. AsiMiNAE FRUCTiGENA E. & E. Field Mus. Bot., I :ii3 (1896).

Type habitat : On old dried-up fruits of Asimina triloba,
Oct. 3, "1895 {Nuttall, discov. 1871, 755).

A fructigenous form of 5". Asiuiinae E. & E. Perithecia
smaller than in the species (iio to 140 /x) and more abun-
dant. Sporules a little larger (20 to 24 x 9 to 12 jx).

62 THE WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

S. Ampelopsidis C. & E.

On Parthenocissus qiiinqne folia, March 30, 1894. Spor-
ules 18 to 20 X 10 to 12 fx (Nuttall, 1460, 437).
S. Cerasina Peck.

On Primus serotina, alt. 1,200 ft., Nov. 22, 1894 (Nuttall,
1746).
S. Physocarpi E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad., 1894, 361.

Type habitat : On dead Opulaster opulif alius. May 2,

1894 (Nuttall, discov. 1502, 482, 486).

Perithecia scattered, .33 mm. diameter, buried in the inner
bark, with their apices and pipiUiform ostiola erumpent, white
inside (at first), sometimes, as in the preceding species 2 to
3 confluent. Sporules varying from short-elHptical J 2 to
15 X 10 /i to oblong or obovate-elliptical 15 to 20 x 10 fi.

Differs from S. Nielliae E. & E. in its buried perithecia
and much larger sporules.
S. Celastrina Peck.

On branches Celastnis scaiidens, April 27, 1895 (Nuttall,
1812).
S. Malorum Berk.

Berkeley: On Mains Mains at Gerrardstown (Waite).
S. Oenotherae E. & E., Field Mus. Bot., 1:114 (1896).

Type habitat: On dead stems Onagra biennis, Jan. 21,

1895 (Nuttall, discov. 1792, 683).

Perithecia scattered, erumpent, superficial, globose, 200 to
225 /-I diameter, with a papilliform ostiolum, occasionally
subcollapsing above. Sporules oblong-elliptical, pale brown,
20 to 25 X 10 to 12 /x on stout basidia shorter than the
sporules. There are indications that the sporules become
finally uniseptate.
S. SuMACPii (Schw.) C. & E.

On branches Rhus hirta, March 29, 1894. Sporules 20
to 26 X 8 to 12.5 fi (Nuttall, 1439).
S. Sassafras C. & E.

On Sassafras Sassafras, April 10, 1895. Sporules 23 x
ID IX (Nuttall, 1801, 688).
S. phomatella Peck.

On Fraxinus Americana, March 31. 1894 (Nut tall, 1441).
S. Caryae C. & E.

On hickory barrel-hoop, April 9, 1894. Sporules 18 to
25 X 8 to II ju, (Nuttall, 1448).
S. Ipomoeae E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad., 1894, 362.

Type habitat : On dead peduncles of Ipomoea pandurata,
Dec. 9, 1893 (Nuttall, discov. 1305, 249).

Perithecia scattered, ovate-globose, 250 to 300 p diameter,
the upper part prominent and closely covered by the shining

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 63

black epidermis. Sporules elliptical, brown, i8 to 23 x 10
to 13 /x on pedicels of about the same length as the sporules.
S. Menispermi Peck.

On Menispermiim Canadensis, Jan. 17, 1894 {Nnttall,
1343. 302).

CONIOTHYRIUM Corda.
C. FucKELii Sacc.

On Parthenocissus quinqucfolia, sporules globular, 2 to
2.5 11 March 31, 1894 {Nuitall, 1442).
C. coNCENTRicuM (Dcsm.) Sacc. ?

On leaves Yucca Ulamentosa, Sept. i, 1894 (Nuttall,
1 187).

C. PiRiNA (Sacc.) J. L. Sheldon. (Phyllosticta Sacc.)

On leaves Mains, Greenbrier : at Blue Sulphur Springs
{Nuttall, 1624.) On same, Monongalia: near Morgantown
(Sheldon).

HAPLOSPORELLA Sperg.

H. Celtidis E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad., 1894, 362.

Type hap.itat : On dead limbs Celtis occidcntalis, Feb. 2,
1894 (Nnttall, discov. 1359, 315).

Perithecia mostly in valsoid clusters of 3 to 10, small, 200
IX white inside, slightly sunk in the inner bark, their papilli-
form ostiola rupturing the epidermis. Sporules elliptical,
brown, continuous, 18 to 22 x 10 to 12 )U on basidia of about
the same length as the sporules.
H. Araliae E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad., 1894, 362.

Type habitat : On dead limbs Aralia spinosa, Feb. 26,
1894 (Nuttall, discov. 1406, 375).

Stromata seriate-connate, erumpent through longitudinal
cracks in the bark, and extending from 4 to 5 mm. to 2 or
more centimetres. Perithecia ovate-globose, buried in the
black, subcarbonaceous stroma, 3 to 6 in each single stroma,
about .33 mm. diameter. Sporules elliptical, brown, 20 to
25 X 10 to 12 ix.

This may be the pycnidia of Botryosphaeria fuliginosa
(M. & N.).

DIPLODIA Fries.

D. LiRiODENDRi Peck.

On fire killed Liriodendron Tulipifera, Oct. 16, 1894
(Nuttall, 1710).
D. Salicina Lev.

On dead twigs Salix nigra, ]\Iarch 25, 1894 (Nuttall,
1457)-

64 THE WEST \1RG1NIA ELORA

D. Cercidis E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad, 1894, 363.

Type habitat : On dead limbs Coxis Canadensis, April
9, 1894 (NiittaU, discov. 1475, 449).

Perithecia subseriate, globose, .33 to .5 mm. diameter,
slightly sunk in the inner bark and splitting the epidermis
with short longitudinal clefts. Sporules elliptical, 20 to
23 X 10 to 15 /A on stout basidia, uniseptate.
D. INFUSCANS E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad., 1894, 363.

Type habitat: On bark of dead limbs Fraxinits Ameri-
cana, April 27, 1894 {Nuttall, discov. 1492, 459).

Perithecia ovate-globose, small, no to 150 /x diametei,

thickly scattered, blackening both the outer and inner sur-

• face of the bark. Ostiolum not conspicuous, obscurely

papilliform. Sporules oblong-elliptical, 12 to 15 x 8 to 10 ,u

scarcely constricted.

In i). inqninans West, the sporules and perithecia are
larger, and the bark is not blackened within.
D. ATRATA (Desm.) Sacc.

On dead limbs Acer Negnndo, April 20, 1894 (Nuttall,
1465)-
D. CARYiGENA E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad., 1894, 363.

Type habitat: On dead limbs _ Hicoria oz'ata. May 31,
1894 (Nuttall, discov. 1525). Also Canada (Dcarness.)

Perithecia subseriate, sunk in the inner bark, covered by
the epidermis, which is raised into pustules and ruptured,
about .5 mm. diameter, black. Sporules elliptical, brown,
uniseptate, scarcely constricted, 15 to 20 x 8 to 10 /x (Pycnidia
of Valsa caryigena B. & C).
D. Viticola Desm.

On Vitis, March 26, 1894. No septum visible in sporules
(Nuttall, 1443, 412).
D. iLicicoLA Desm. ?

On Ilex opaca, Dec. 20, 1894. Sporules 22 to 25 x 11 to
13 ju, (Nuttall, 1777, 667).
D. RuBi Fr.

On Riihiis cult., P^eb. 19, 1895. Sporules 20 x 8 to 12 w
(Nuttall,- 1789).
D. INQUINANS West.

On Fraxinns Americana, April 27, 1894 (Nuttall, 1491,
459)-

D. JUGEANDIS Fr.

On Juglans cinerea, April 9, 1894 (Nuttall, 1449).
D. IMaydis (Berk.) Sacc.

On Zea Mays, Aug. 10, 1895. Spores 30 x 4 /x (Nuttall,
1840, 729).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURXEY 65

D. PARAPHYSATA E. & E. ? Biill. Torr. Club, 24:288 (1897).

Perithecia subcuticular, depressed-globose, pilose-tomen-
tose, black (white inside), 300-400 fx diam. with papilliform
osteolum raising the epidermis into pustules and finally rup-
turing it, thickly scattered, often 2-3 sub-confluent; sporules
ovate-elliptical, hyaline at first, then brown and uniseptate
but not constricted, 22-27 x 12-15 l^> accompanied by stout
branching paraphyses loo-iio /x long by 1.5-2 ju, thick and
borne on stout basidia mostly shorter than the sporules.

On bark of Tilia, in company with IMalanconis tiliacea.
Fayette: near Nuttallburg, March, 1896. (Nuftall, 832).

BOTRYODIPLODIA Sacc.
B. AcERiNA E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad., 1894, 363.

Type habitat : On dead limbs Acer Pcnnsylvanictun,
Feb. 2, 1894 (Nuttall, discov. 1362, 319).

Perithecia erumpent in botryoidal clusters, often seri-
ately confluent for i or more cm., about .5 mm. diameter,
white inside, flattish above, with a broad papilliform osti-
olum. Sporules elliptical, brown, uniseptate, 20 to 25 x 12
to 15 /x on basidia of about the same length.

B. sp.

Stylosporus stage ? of Pseiidovalsa sigmoid e a (C. & E.)
On dead limbs Qucrcus Primis, with that species. Spores
brown, i-septate 25 x 12.5 fi (Nuttall, 1829).

ASCOCHYTA Lib.
A. Clematidina Thum.

On Clematis Virginiana, Aug. 10, 1895 (Nuttall, 1842,

733)-

ACTINONEMA Fries.
A RosAE (Lib.) Fr.

On Rosa cult., June 27, 1894 (Nuttall, 1563).

HENDERSONL-V Berk.
H. Lirella Cooke.

On Sali.v nigra falcata, April 23, 1894 (Xuttall, 1480.
460). Sporules 15 x 7.5 fx.
H. Desmazieri Mont.

On bark of limbs Platainis occideiitalis, April 24, 189.1..
Sporules -j- 40 x 22 /j. (Nuttall, 1466).

STAGONOSPORA Sacc.
S. petiolorum E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad., 1894, 365.

Type habit.^t : On dead petioles Aralia spinosa, Feb. 17,
1894 (Nuttall, discov. -1389, 357).

66 THE WKST \IR(;iNlA JLORA

Perithecia scattered, innate, small, slightly prominent and

covered by the shining, blackened epidermis, 150 to 250 m

diameter, mostly sub-elliptical. Sporules oblong, hyaline,

nucleate, becoming one or more septate, 12 to 20 x 2 to 5 fi.

S. PEDUNCULi E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad., 1893, 457.

Type habitat : On old fruit peduncles Magnolia Fraseri
(not LiRiODENDRON TuLiPiFERA, loc. cit. ) . Short Creek,
July 25, 1893 {Nuttall, discov. 1135, 119).

Perithecia gregarious, pustuliform, about .33 mm. diame-
ter, covered by the blackened epidermis. Sporules cylin-
drical, 18 to 22 X 2 to 2.5 fx, multinucleate, hyaline, straight.
S. Physocarpi E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad., 1894, 365.

Type habitat: On dead stems and limbs Optilastcr opiili-
foliiis, May 12, 1894 {Nuttall discov. 1505, 485).

Perithecia scattered, depressed-hemispherical ; 200 to 250 u
diameter, sunk in the bark, with the upper part prominent
but covered by the epidermis, which is pierced by the papilli-
form ostiolum, white inside. Sporules linear, multiseptate,
hyaline 25 to 35 x 3 to 4 /x.
S. collapsa (C. & E.) Sacc.

On Acer saccharinum, Jan. 26, 1894. Sporules 15 to 23 x
3 IX {Nuttall, 1353, 309).'
S. sp.

On Chionanthus Virginica (Nuttall, 1462, 440). Spores
-|- 25 X 7 /x 4-septate. This may prove to be only a stylos-
porus stage of some Diothidaceous species — Ellis.

GLO^IERELLA S. & Von S.
G. RUFOMACULANS (Berk.) S. & von S. Berkeley: on Mains
Malus fruit at Gerrardstown (Waite).

CAMAROSPORUM Schulz.
C. Linderae E. & E., Field Mus. Bot, i :ii7 (1896).

Type habitat: On dead limbs Benzoin Benzoin, April 15,
1895 (Nuttall, discov. 180S, 694).

Perithecia scattered, semierumpent .75 mm. diameter, the
upper part, except the papilliform, erumpent ostiolum, cov-
ered by the closely adherent epidermis, which is raised into
distinct, hemispherical pustules. Sporules oblong, 3-septatc
with I to 2 cells divided by a longitudinal septum, brown,
obtuse, not constricted 12 to 18 (mostly 12 to 15) x 5 to 7 jti.
The perithecia are of a firm consistence and slaty-black inside

SEPTORIA Fries.
S. Tecomae E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad., 1894, 367.

Type habitat: On leaves Tecoma radicans, Aug. 11,
1894 (Nuttall, discov. 1671, 580).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURX'EY O/

•

Spots light brown (wood color), irregular in shape, small,
1.5 to 2 mm., inconspicuous and indistinctly margined.
Perithecia immersed, small (65 to 70 /a) barely visible with a
lens. Sporules 40 to 50 x 2 to 2.5 fi, not strongly curved,
nucleate, hvaline.
S. Brassicae E. &-E., Field Mus. Bot., 1:117 (1896).

Type habitat : On leaves Brassica nigra, Nov. 26, 1894
{Nuttall, discov. 1759, 646).

Spots suborbicular or subangular, 3 to 4 mm. diameter,
dull white with a narrow, darker and sometimes slightly
raised border. Perithecia epiphyllous, numerous, sublenticu-
lar, pale brown, coarsely cellular, broadly perforated above,
100 to 115 /x diameter. Sporules numerous, curved, obtuse,
continuous, hyaline, 25 to 45 x 2 to 3 ix.

Closely allied to ^9. Sisymbrii Ell., but that has the spots
greenish at first and never becoming more than whitish and
the sporules i to 3-septate.
S. Rub I West.

On living leaves Rnbus Canadensis, Wood Co., Lcckhart's
Run, 1891 (Millspaugh). On same host July 26, 1894
(Nuttall, 1627).
S. CoRNi-MARis Sacc.

On Cornus Horida. alt. 1,700 ft., July 19, 1894 (Nuttall.
1612).
S. coRNicoLA Desmz.

On Cornus alternifolia, Sewell Valley, Aug. 6, 1894
(Nuttall, 1647).
S. kalmiaecola (Schw.) B. & C.

On living leaves Kalmia latifolia, 1891, Monongalia Co., at
Camp Eden (Millspaugh).
S. ochroleuca B. & C.

On leaves Castanca dentata, June 30, 1894. Maximum
number of perithecia in a single macula 20 (Nuttall, i579)-

S. MICROSPERMA Peck.

On Bettda lenta, ah. 1,200 ft., Oct .24, 1894. Sporules +
18 X .25 m (Nuttall, 1722).
S. PoLYMNiAE E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad., 1894, 368.

Type habitat : On leaves Polymnia Uvedalia, June 29.
1894 (Nuttall, discov. 1595, 543).

Spots, scattered, angular, limited by the veinlets, 2 to 4
mm. diameter, dirty green. Perithecia epiphyllous, minute,
75 IX diameter, scattered, innate, inconspicuous. Sporules fili-
form, continuous, 35 to 50 x i to- 1.25 (x.
S. Trautvetteriae E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad.. 1894, 368.

Type habitat: On Trautvetteria Carolinensis, July 20.
1894 (Nuttall, discov. 1632, 564).

Spots irregular, subangular, partly limited by the veinlets

68 THE WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

of the leaf, often elongated and acute at one end, brownish-
black, with an irregularly shaped white center, which is well
defined, angular, 3 to 5 mm. in the longer diameter. Peri-
thecia epiphyllous, but also visible below, small (65 to 75 /x),
scattered, dark. Sporules abundant, nearly straight or slight-
ly curved, continuous, 22 to 30 x 2 /x.

Differs from S. Anciiiouis Desm. in its broad, dark-
margined white-centered spots, and rather longer and thicker
sporules.
S. iiYALiNA E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad., 1894, 368.

Type habitat: On Viola primiilac folia, July 26, 1894
(Nuttall, discov. 1641, 572). Also on V. blanda, Michigan
(Hicks) ; and on F. lanccolata, Massachusetts {Miss Clarke).

Spots minute (.5 to i mm.) white, with a dark purple-
shaded border. Perithecia punctiform, black, epiphyllous,
subglobose, 65 to 75 ix diameter, not abundant. Sporules
filiform, nearly straight, or slightly curved, hyaline, nucleate^
not visibly septate, 20 to 40 (mostly 25 to 35) x i to 1.25 ix.

S. Vio'lae West, has yellowish-brown perithecia on pale
zonate spots with a reddish-brown border.
S. ACICULOSA E. & E.

On Fragaria cult., Nov. 3, 1894. Sporules 15 to 25 x .75 m
(Nuttall, ^72,^).
S. Helianthi E. & K.

On Helianthus dccapctalus, Oct. 29, 1894. Sporules 50 x
2 (JL (Nuttall, 1722,).
S. Leptostachyae E. & K.

On leaves Phryma Lcptostachya, July 4, 1894. Sporules
20 to 25 X I yu, (Nuttall, 1584).
S. Nolitangere Thum.

On Impatiens biflora, Aug. 5, 1894. Sporules 20 to 25 x
1.5 to 2 fx (Nuttall, 1649).
S. Violae West.

On J^iola sagittata, June 30, 1893. Sporules + 25 x 1.25
fx (Nuttall, 1577).
S. Saxifragae Pass.

On Heiichera Americana, June 10, 1894. Sporules 15 to
20 X 2.5 to 3 /x (Nuttall, 1544, 521).
S. Lobeliae Peck.

On Lobelia cardinalis. June 22, 1894 (Nuttall, 1559).

S. SCROPFIULARIAE Pcck.

On Scrophularia Marilandica. June 10, 1894. Sporules 40
to 50 IX long (Nuttall, 1538).
S. Verbenae Rob. & Desm.

On leaves Verb'ena urticacfolia, Jefferson Co., near Shen-
andoah Junction (Millspaugh).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 69

S. PSILOSTEGA E. & M.

On Galium circaczans, ]n\\ 14, 1894 {Nuttall, 1604).
S. Nabali B. & C. ?

On Prenanthes serpentaria, June 8, 1894 {Nuttall, 1536).

S. ATRO-PURPUREA Peck.

On Aster cordif alius, Nov. 24, 1894. Sporules + 35 to
55 X I to 1.5 fi (Nuttall, 1757, 644).
S. PoLYGONORUM Desm.

On Polygonum Hydropiper, June 8, 1894. Sporules 25 to
40 X 1.5 IX (Nitttall, 1537).
S. Smilacinae E. & M.

On Vagnera racemosa (Smilacina), Aug. 14, 1894.
Maculse suffused with the marginal color lato in season
(Nuttall, 1252).

RHABDOSPORA Mont.
R. Kalmiarum (Schw.)*

Sphaeria Kalmiauum Schw. On Kalmia latifolia, Aug.
26, 1894 (Nuttall, 1685, 590)-

PHLYCTAENA Mont & Desm.

P. VAGABUNDA Dcsm.

On Vernonia Novchoracensis, Phytolacca decandra and
Onagra biennis, March 18, 1894 (Nitttall, 1436, 408).

P. SEPTORIOIDES SaCC.

On Phytolacca decandra, May 25, 1894 (Nuttall, 1498).
P. Ipomoeae E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad., 1894, 369.

Type habitat : On calyx lobes Ipomoea pandurata, Dec.
9, 1894 (Nuttall, discov. 1305, 250).

Perithecia scattered, subcuticular, 75 to 80 fx diameter,
covered by the blackened, slightly raised epidermis. Spor-
ules linear, hyaline, curved above, 15 to 20 x 1.25 fx.
P. arcuata Berk.

On Onagra biennis, March 18, 1894. Sporules 30 to 35 x
.75 /x (Nuttall, 1433,403).

GELATINOSPORUM Peck.
G. Betulinum Peck.

On Bctula lenta, April 12, 1895. Sporules subfiliform
nearly semicircular, 32 to 40 x 2.5 11 (Nuttall, i7()y).

SPHAEROGRAPHUM Sacc.
S. hystricinum (Ell.) Sacc.

On A.zalea viscosa, May 4, 1894. Sporules narrowly
arcuate-falcate 34 x 3 ju (Nuttall, 1501, 481).

''Transferred to Rhabdospora by E. & E.

yO THE WEST \1RC.1MA FLORA

S. Fkaxini (Peck) Sacc.

On dead limbs Fraxiniis Americana, Short Creek, alt. 1,300
ft., July 16, 1894. Sporiiles 50 to 60 x 2.5 ix (Nuttall, 1609).

NECTRIOIDACEAE.

ASCHERSONIA Mont.

A. sp.

On Cornus florida. Spores 3 to 5 x .75 ju {Nuttall, 1800,
687). ■

LEPTOSTROMACEAE.

LEPTOTHYRIUM Kunze & Schm.
L. Pyri Sacc.

Berkeley: On Mains Mains at Gerrardstown (IVaite).

L. sp.

On living- leaves Ilex opaca, Aug., 1894 (Nuttall, 1679,
584). Maculse white.
L. LiRiODENDRi Cke.

On dead fallen leaves Liriodendron Tulipifera, April 17,
1895 (Nnttall, 1805).
L. DRYiNUM Sacc.

On living leaves Quercus rubra, alt. 1,300 ft., June 29.
1894 (Nnttall, 1592, 540).
L. Castaneae (Spr.) Sacc.

On fallen leaves Castanea dentata, April 17, 1895 (Nnttall
1806).

L. PETioLORUM ■ — var.

On dead leaves Magnolia Fraseri, April 11, 1895. Sporules
5 X I /A (Nnttall, 1802, 689).

L? FORAMINULATUM SaCC. & Ell.

On fallen leaves Ilex opaca, Aug. 16, 1894. Sporules 25 x
3 (x (Nuttall, 1657).
L. vuLGARE (Fr.) Sacc.

On Dioscorea villosa, on Aralia spina sa, and on Onagra
biennis. Sporules 5 to 7 x .75 /x on each host, Feb. 8, 1894
(Nuttall, 1368, 323Y

SACIDIUM Nees.
S. ViTis E. & E., Field Mus. Bot., 1:121 (1896).

Type habitat: On Vitis cordifolia, Nov. 6, 1893 (Nuttall,
I2S4, 198). Fungi Columbiani 290, N. A. F., 3067.

Perithecia scattered ; scutellate not perforated, 180 to 220
/x diameter. Sporules oblong-cylindrical, straight or curved,
15 to 20 x 4 to 5 IX, filled with small nuclei.

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY "Jl

In the specimens of Sacidium viticolmn, B. & C. in Rav.
F. Am. the sporules are ovate or elHptical, 6 to 7 x 5 ju, and
the perithecia are only 75 to 100 ii diameter.

DISCOSIA Lib.
D. Artoceras (Tode) Fr.

On Castanea dentata, Oct. 20, 1893. On Epigaea repens,
Jan. 18, 1894. On Betula lutea, Fraxinus Pennsylvanica,
Magnolia Frascri, Cor mis Uorida, Sassafras Sassafras, and
Cephalanthus occidcntalis (NuttaU, 1228, 173).
D. MACULicoLA Gcr.

On Hving- leaves Dispormn lanuginosuin, Grant Co., near
Bayard (Millspaitgh). On Smilax rotnndifolia and Oxyden-
dron arbor eum, July 8, 1894 (Nut tall, 1598).

D. RUGULOSA B. & C.

Parasitic on 'upper surface of the maculae of Phyllosticta
caryigcna, July 2, 1894 (NuttaU, 1583).

ENTOMOSPORIUM Lev.

E. MACULATUM LcV.

On living leaves and fruits Pynis comnimus cult., Monon-
galia Co., Morgantown (Millspaugh) .

LEPTOSTROMELLA Sacc.
L. FiLiciNA (B. & C.) Sacc.

On Dryoptcris spimdosa, May 4, 1894 (NuttaU, 1487).

EXCIPULACEAE.

DINEMASPORIUA/T Lev.
D. HispiDULUM (Schrad.) Sacc.

On Asimina triloba, March 9, 1894. Sporules 14 to 18 x
2 to 2.3 IX (NuttaU, 1422, 394).

. MELANCONI ACEAE.

HAINESIA Ell. & Sacc.
H. RuBi (West).

On leaves of Rnbits cult. Oct. 28. 1895 (NuttaU, 1880).

GLOEOSPORIUM Desm. & Mont.

G. sp.

On leaves of Cercis Canadensis (NuttaU, 985). Sporules
18 X 7.5, + 20 X y.^, 23 X 7, 2S X 6 fi.
G. Sanguinariae E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad., 1894, 371.

Type habitat : On leaves Sanguinaria Canadensis, July
8, 1894 (NuttaU, discov. 160T. 555).

'J2 Tin; WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

Spots yellow, oblong or irregular, 3 to 5 mm. diameter,
situated near the apex of the leaf which is more or less uni-
formly blackened. Acervuli epiphyllous, numerous, innate,
yellow and conspicuous. Conidia oblong, hyaline, continuous,
mostly a little curved, 8 to 15 x 3.5 to 5.5 /x..
G. ARIDUM E. & H.

On Fraxiiuis Pcniis\lvanica, June 10, 1894 (Ntittall, 154^,

518)-
G. RuMicis E. & E., Field Mus. Bot., 1:122 (1896).

Type habitat: On leaves Rumex obtusifoHiis, Oct. 27,
1894 (Nut tall, discov. 1729, 617).

Spots reddish-brown, lighter in the center, more or less
distinctly zonate, 3 to 4 mm. diameter, margin darker. Acer-
vuli innate, small. Sporules erumpent above, oblong, hyaline,
continuous, 5 to 8 x 2 to 2.5 fi.

The spots resemble those of Ovnlaria obliqiia Ckc, on
Ramularia decipiens E. & E.
G. Alni E. & E., Field Mus. Bot., i :i23 (1896).

Type habitat : On living leaves Alnus riigosa, Nov. 24,
1894 (Nuttall, discov. 1737, 624).

Spots dirty brown, suborbicular, indistinctly zonate, .5 to
I cm. diameter, paler in the center, border concolorous, rather
indefinite; acervuli epiphyllous, numerous, small, 100 to 120
fjL diaftieter, chestnut color, becoming darker ; conidia oblong-
elliptical, 12 to 16 X 6 to 8 ju,.

Differs from G. cylindrospcrmiim Bon., on the same host,
in its much broader conidia, and from G. riihicohim E. & E.
in the different character of the spots and rather broader
conidia.
G. nervisequum (Fckl.) Sacc.

On leaves Platanus occidciitalis, June 10, 1894. Sporules
12.5 to 18 X 4 to 6 /x (Nuttall, 1555, 526).
G. RoBERGEi Desm.

On Carpiiius Caroliniana; July 16, 1894 (Nuttall, 1608).
G. betularum Ell. 81 Mart.

On Betula nigra, sporules 10 x 7 ju, July 16, 1894 (Nutt-
all, 1607).

G. CYLINDROSPERMUM BoU.

On leaves of Altius rugosa. Spores 8 to 10 x 2 to 2.5 ju
(Nuttall 1875).
G. VENETUM Speg.

On living leaves of Rubus strigosus, Sept. 19, 1895 (Nutt-
all, 1859).
G. RUBicoLUM E. & E., Field Mus. Bot., 1:123 (1896).

Type habitat: On leaves of Rubus strigosus (Nuttall,
discov. 747).

Spots at first numerous, angular, small and yellowish or

WEST X'IRGIXIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 'J^i

reddish-yellow, soon confluent forming large, brown, dry,
dead spots of irregular shape and indefinite outline, occupy-
ing a large part of the leaf. Acervuli not numerous, scat-
tered, epiphyllous, prominent, resembling perithecia; conidia
oblong-elliptical, 12 to 16 x 6 to 7 ju,.

Differs from G. Rubi E. & E. in its larger, fewer, black
acervuli and broader conidia, which also are about twice
as large as in G. Venetum Speg.

MYXOSPORIUM Link.
M. LUTEM E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad., 1893, 458.

Type habitat : On bark Hicoria ovata, April to July.

1893 {Nuttall, discov. 1015, 79). E. & E. N. A. F. 2953.
Fungi Columbian! 150.

Stroma globose-conical, light yellow, .75 to i mm. diam-
eter, slightly sunk in the inner bark, unilocular and opening
by a single pore. The surface of the inner bark around
this pore is of a pale slate color, the colored portion definitely
limited by a black line so as to form an irregular circle
about 2 mm. across, but this line does not penetrate the bark.
Sporules navicular-oblong, hyaline, obtuse, 10 to 11 x 4 to
5 IX wdth I to 2 large nuclei. Basidia slender-cylindrical 15
to 20 X 1.5 |U. Mass of exuded sporules flesh color.
M. Rhois (B. & C.) Sacc.

On fire killed Rhus Iiirta, June 20, 1895 (Nuttall, 157=;,

.537)-
J\I. PLATANicoLUM E. & E., Proc Phila. Acad., 1894, 372.

Type habitat: On limbs Platanns occidentalis, April 2|,

1894 ( Nuttall, discov. 1485, 467).

Acervuli subcutaneous, vesiculoid, pale, i mm. diameter,
raising the ruptured epidermis into pustules but not erump-
ent. Sporules oval or oblong-ovate, hyaline, nucleate at first,
10 to 12 X 5 to 6 /x, on stout basidia.
M. SERiATUM E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad., 1894, 372.

Type habitat : On bark of Acer sp., June, 1894 (Nuttall,
discov. 1552, 523).

Nuclei pallid, orbicular, about i mm. diameter, seated
on the surface of the inner bark ; surrounded by a thin
layer of smoky colored radiating hyphae, from the inner
extremities of which the botuliform or oblong, 6 to 8 x 2
to 2.5 fi hyaline conidia are produced. The nuclei are seri-
ately arranged, and the pale flesh-colored, flattish cirrTii ar.:;
erumpent through narrow, longitudinal cracks in the bark.

74 THE WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

COLLETOTRICHUM Corda.

C. LiNDEMUTHIANUM (S. & M.) Scrib.

On pods of Phaseoliis cult. "Wax, Butter Bean." Monun-
galia Co., near Morgantown, 1891 (Millspangh).

C. ' — ' sp.

On Sassafras Sassafras, Oct. 15, 1894. Sporuies 8 to 18
X 4 to 7 ju. (Nuttall, 1714, 602).
C. LiNEOLA Corda.

On Zea Mays, Aug. 10, 1895 (Nuttall, 1834, 726).
C. LAGENARiuM (Pass.) Ell. & Halst.

On watermelon, Monongalia, near Morgantown (Sheldon) .

CYLINDROSPORIUM Ung.
C. Crataegi E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad., 1894, 372.

Type habitat : On leaves Crataegus sp., July 26, 1894
(Nuttall, discov. 1640, 571).

Leaves more or less mottled with rusty red, at length uni-
formly of this same color. Acervuli innate, erumpent on
both sides, and whitening the surface of the leaf with abun-
dantly discharged conidia, which are 75 to 100 x 3 to 3.5 /x,
nearly straight or more or less undulate and curved, nucleate,
and faintly 3 to 5 septate.
'C. ToxicoDENDRi (Curtis) E. & E. Proc. Phila. Acad., 1893, 460.
On leaves Rhus radicans, June 29, 1894. Sporuies, largest,
50 x 3 /i (Nuttall, 1568).

LIBERTELLA Desm.
L. faginea Desm.

On bark of dead Fagus atropunicea, Grant Co., near
Bayard (Millspaugh). On dead Prumis sp. cult. Aug. 10,
1895. Cirrus bright red. Sporuies variously curved 15 to
25 X I ^ (Nuttall, 1843, 734)-

L. sp.

On felled Robinia Pscudacacia, April 4, 1894. Sporuies
15 to 20 X .75 to I ji (Nuttall, 1470, 446).
L. acerina Westend.

On Acer rubrum or saccharinum, April 4, 1894. Sporuies
hyaline. 15 to 18 x i /x (Nuttall, 1445).

MELANCONIUM Link.
M. py^LLiDUM Peck.

On dead limbs Hicoria ovata. Sporuies -|- 20 x 5 /x.
May 31, 1894 (Nuttall, 15 14).
M. OBLONGUM Berk.

On dead limbs Juglans cinerea. Sporuies 20 x 10 to 2 fi,
Dec. 5, 1893 (Nuttall, 1291, 236).

WEST VIRGINIA GFOLOGICAL SURVEY 75

M. BicoLOR Nees.

On Betiila nigra, May 2, 1894 {Nuttall, 1489).

THYRSIDIUM Mont.

T. HEDERICOLUM CaRPINI SaCC.

On dead shoots Carpinus Caroliniana, May 2, 1894 {Nutt-
all, i486).

MARSONIA Fisch.
M. JuGLANDis (Lib.) Sacc.

On Jiiglans cincrca, June 22, 1894 {Nuttall, 1560).
M. Martini Sacc. & Ell.

On Quercns alba, velutina, et Prinns, Aug. 18, 1894 {Nutt-
all, 1674, 583).

CORYNEUM Nees.
C. cupuLATUM E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad., 1894, 374.

Type habitat : On dead limbs Tsuga Canadensis, Short
Creek, Dec. 16, 1893 {Nuttall, discov. 1317, 272).

Erumpent superficial. Acervuli tuberculiform, black, i to
1.5 mm. diameter, hollowed out so as to be cup-shaped above.
Conidia clavate, sessile, 6 to 9 septate, brown, 60 to 80 x
12 to 15 fi.

C. PUSTULATUM Pcck.

On dead limbs Castanea dentata, Dec. 7, 1893 {Nuttall,
1383).

PESTALOZZIA DeNot.

P. sp.

On leaves Geiim Canadense, Oct. 24, 1894 {Nuttall, 1734).
Sporules 20 x 6 ju. Setre 5 to 12 fi long.
P. FUNEREA Desm.

On Ipomoea pandurata, Sept. 19, 1895. Spores 23 to 25 x
6 to 7.5 IX {Nuttall, 1862. 750).
P. GuEPiNi Desm.

On leaves Rhododendron maxinium, R. Catarcvhiense and
Asalia viscosa. Spores 18 to 20 x 8 jn, Aug. 2, 1894 {Nutt
all, 1 149).
P. Jefferisii Ell?

On Opulaster opidifolius, sporules 10 to 15 x 4 to 5 and
25 X 5 /i, May 7, 1894 (Nuttall, 1509).
P. Toxica E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad., 1894, 374.

Type habitat: On leaves Rhus radicans, Aug. 18, 1894
{Nuttall, 1670, 567).

Spots and perithecia as in Phyllosticta rhoicola E. '& E.
Sporules clavate-oblong, 4-septate, 12 to 15 x 4 to 5 /x, 3

76 THE WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

intermediate cells pale brown, end cells short, conical, hyaline,
the upper cell with a crest of 3 short, spreading hyaline
bristles 6 to 7 /x long. Distance between the two extreme
cells 12 /x, pedicels shorter than the spores.

STEGANOSPORIUM Corda.
S. Castaneae Lib?

On Castanca dentata, Nov. 14, 1893 {Ntittall, 1275, 221)-
S. piRiFORME (Hoffm.) Corda.

On dying Acer riibrum, June 12, 1894 (Nuttall, 1553).
S. aiuricatum Bon.

On dead limbs Betula nigra in drift-wood along river,
Oct. 21, 1895. Spores 35 to 50 x 15 to 18 /x (Nuttall, 1878).

USTILAGINACEAE.

USTILAGO Pers.
Q. tritici (Pers.) Rostr.

On living leaves Triticum viilgare. Clinton, North Am
Flora, 7:8.
U. utriculosa (Nees) Tul.

On Polygonum Pennsylvanicum. Clinton, North Am.
Flora, 7 :22. (Sheldon, 22t,o).
U. ANOMALA J. Kunze.

On Plygonum scandejts. Clinton, North Am. Flora, 7 :22.

U. AvENAE (Pers.) Jens. (U. segetum of Flora).

On living heads of wheat and oats, Monongalia Co., near

Morgantown ; Lewis Co., near Alum Bridge ; Taylor Co.,.

near Thornton (Millspaugh).

U. TRicuspiDis, Ell & Gall.

On Sieglingia seslerioides. Clinton, North Am. Flora,

7:13-
U. Zeae (Beckm.) Linger. (U. Maydis Corda).

On living ears and tassels of sweet corn, prevalent in
Monongalia Co., 1891 ; near Morgantown (Millspaugh). On
garden corn, July 31, 1894 (Niittall, 1636).
U. LAEVis (Kell. & Swing.) Magn. (U. avenae laevis, Kell &
Swing.).

On oats, Sewell Mountain, alt. 2,600 ft., Aug. 23, 1894
(Nuttall, 1678).

U. PERENNANS Rostr.

On Arrhenathernm elatius (Sheldon, 2361).
U. CESATi F. de W.

On Panicum sangtiinale (Sheldon, 910).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 77

SPHACELOTHECA DeBary.
S. Hydropiperis (Schtim.) DeBary.

On Polygonum sagittatnin. Clinton, North Am. Flora,
7:30-

TILLETIA Tul.
T. STRiAEFORMis (Wcst) Wint.

On Phleuni pratcnsc, Poa pratensis and Agrosfis alba
(Sheldon, 51, 1589. 1380, 3556, 507).
T. Tritici (Bjerk.) Wint.

Ustilago tritici, C. Bauhin. On living leaves of wheat,
Monongalia Co.. near ]\Iorgantown (Millspaugh).

ENTYLOMA DeBy.
E. Floerkeae Holw.

On Flocrkca proscrpinacoidcs (Sheldon, 3549).
E. Menispermi Pass.

On Menisperimini Canadense (Sheldon, 1050).

GRAPHIOLA Poit.
G. Phoenicis (Moug.) Poit.

On a species of cultivated Phoenix (Sheldon, 757).

UROCYSTIS Rabenh.
U. Anemones (Pers.) Wint.

On living leaves and under stem cuticle of Actaea alba,
Monongalia Co., near Morgantown (Millspaugh) .
U. cARci NODES (B. & C.) Fisch. de Waldh.

On Actea alba. Clinton, North Am. Flora, 7:57.
U. Agropyri (Preuss) Schroet.

On Elymus? sp. (Sheldon, 2952).

UREDINACEAE.

NIGREDO Roussel.
N. PEDATATA (Schw.) Arthur.

On Andropogon Virginicus (Sheldon, 2768, 2234, 3248,
3292). Arthur, North Am. Flora, 7:223. On Viola, Monon-
galia, Morgantown (Sheldon^ 3249, 3579, 3580).
N. SiLPHii (Burrill) Arthur.

On Juncus tenuis. Arthur, North Am. Flora, 7 :239.
N. JuNci-EFFUSi (Sydow) x^rthur.

On Juncus effusus. Arthur, North Am. Flora. 7:240.
On same (Sheldon, 1102, 2436), and on /. tenuis (Sheldon.
2305, 2349, 3195).

78 THE WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

N. nousTONiATA (Schw.) J. Sheldon, {.lecidium Houstomanum

Schw.)-

On Houstonia caerulea, Monongalia, near Morgantown
(Millspaugh) . On Houstonia longifolia, Fayette, near Nutt-
allburg {Nuttall, 1518). On Sisyriiicliiimi graminoidcs,
Monongalia, near Morgantown (Sheldon, 2328, 2346). On
H. coerulea {Sheldon, 13, 38, 39, 539). On //. purpurea
{Sheldon, 2924).

N. PoLYGONi (Pers.) Arthur. {Uromyces Polygoni YokX.').

On Polygonum erecinni, Fayette, near Nuttallburg {Nutt-
all).

N. Lespedezae-procumcentis (Schw.) Arthur. {Uromyces Les-
pedesae Pk.).

On Lespedesa znolacea, Monogalia, near Morgantown
{Millspaugh). On L. frutescens, Arthur, North Am. Flora,
7:248 {Sheldon).
N. Hedys.ari-paniculati (Schw.) Arthur. {Uromyces Farl.).
On living leaves Mcihomia canescens, Mason, near Point
Pleasant {Millspaugh). On leaves M. panicidata, Fayette,
near Nuttallburg {Nuttall, 1610). On several Meibomias
{Sheldon).
N. FALLENS (Desmaz.) Arthur.

On Trifolium pratense, Arthur, North Am. Flora, 7:255
{Sheldon, 2330). ,

N. Trifolii (Hedw. f.) Arthur. {Uromyces Trifolii Lev.).
On living leaves Trifolium pratense, Mason, near Point
Pleasant {Millspaugh). On Trifolium, Fayette, near Nutt-
allburg {Nuttall, 1604). On T. hyhridum and rcpens, Ar-
thur, North Am. Flora, 7:255 {Sheldon, 641, 1686, 3233,
3232).
N. Medicaginis (Pass.) Arthur.

On Medicago lupidina, Arthur, North Am. Flora, 7 :256
{Sheldon, 1982).
N. appendiculata (Pers.) Arthur. {Uromyces appendiculatus
Fr.).

On living leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris, jMonongalia, near
Morgantown (Millspaugh). On P. polystachus and Stro-
phostyles pauciHora, Arthur, North Am. Flora, 7 :258. On
Phaseolus hclvolus (Post, 1733). On Ph. polystachus (Shel-
don, 4212).

N. proeminens (DC.) Arthur.

On Poinsettia dentata, Ohio, near Wheeling (Millspaugh).
On same (Sheldon, 931, 2617), and on Chaniaesyce Preslii
(932, 1035).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY /r,

N. HvPERici-FRONDOSA (Schw.) Arthur. (Uroinyces Hyperici
Curt).

On Hxpericuin rnidiluni, Fayette, at Rupert's (Nuttall,
1625).
N. HowEi (Peck) Arthur. {Uroinyces Hozcei Peck).

On Asclepias Syriaca, Fayette, near Nuttallburg {Nuttall,
i86g). Summers, near Lowell {Pollard & Maxon, 130).
On A. amplexicaulis, incarnata, and on Vincetoxicum gono-
carpos, Arthur, North Am. Flora, 7:265. On same {Shel-
don, 1015, 1961, 1976) ; on Asclepias obtiisifolius {Sheldon,
1934) ; on A. incarnata {Sheldon, 3182).
N. Sperm AcocES (Schw.) Arthur.

On Diodia teres, Arthur, North Am. Flora, 7:267 {Shel-
don, 2028).
N. Caladii (Schw.) Arthur. {Uromyces Caladii Farl.).

On Arisaema triphyllum, Fayette, near Nuttallburg {Nutt-
all, 1511). On A. dracontium {Sheldon, i'^2i, 1620).
N. CARYOPHYLLiNA (Schrauk) Arthur.

On Dianthus caryophyllus {Sheldon, 34).
N. Rhyncosporae (Ellis) Arthur.

On Rhyncospora glomerata {Sheldon, 2688).
N. PLUMBARIA (Peck) Arthur.

On Onagra biennis (Sheldon, 2323).

UROMYCES Link.

U. Terebinth: (DC.)

On living leaves Rhus radicans, Oct. 17, 1895 {Nuttall,
1876).
U. EFFUSUS Arthur.

On Juncus effusils, Monongalia, near Morgantown {Shel-
don).
U. SiLPiiii (Lyd.) Arthur.

On Juncus tennis, [Monongalia, near [Morgantown {Shel-
don).

MEL AM PSORA Cast.
M. FARiNOSA (Pers.) Schroet.

On Salix nigra. Oct. 17. 1893. Spores at first hyaline
(22 X 13 fx) but the granules finally turn yellow (22 jx) , and
perfectly fill the spore (25 x 18 ju.) {Nuttall, 1107).

PUCCINIA Pers.

P. ASPARAGI (DC).

On Asparagus oMcinalis {Sheldon, 918).
P. Caricis-Asteris Arthur.

On Aster sps. (Sheldon, 2959, 3559).

8o THE W1-:ST VIRGINIA FLORA

P. ClIRYSANTHEMI Roze.

On ChrysaiifJiciJutm cliineiisis (Sheldon, 15).
P. CiRCAEAE Pers.

On Circaca iutctiana and C. alpiiia (Sheldon, 769, 1770,
1889, 3477, 3864; Grout, 1702).
P. Cyperi Arthur.

On Cypcrus strii^osus (Sheldon, 774, 1709).
P. Davi Clinton.

On Steironenia ciliatnin (SJieldon, 3157, Bonner, 3601).
P. Eatoniae Arthur.

On Eafonia Pennsylvanica, Ranunculus ahortivns and R.
niieranthns (Sheldon, 3235; 8. 3242; -I445).
P. Eleocharidis Arthur.

On Eleocharis ovciia (Sheldon,, 46, 3176).
P. emaculata Schw.

On Panicuui capillarc (Sheldon, 1155, 1245).
P. GRA MINIS Pers.

On Berberis Canadensis (F. E. Brooks). On Phlenm
pratense, .li^rosfis alba and Triticnin z'uli^are (Sheldon, 3007,
3173; 1247, 1246; 719).
P. Impatientis Arthur.

On Inipatiens a urea and Elynins sp. (Sheldon, 7, 653,
2306, 2330).
P. investita Schw.

On Gnaphaliuin poJyeephahini (Sheldon, 2014. 2125,
2210).
P. i.ATERiPES Berk. & Rav.

On Ruellia ciliosa (Sheldon, C)2y, 3127).
P. LoBELiAE Ger.

On Lobelia syphilitica (Sheldon, 3801).

P. POLYGONI-AMPIIIBII PerS.

On Geranium maculatuni, Polygonum convolvidns, P. du-
metorum and P. hydro piperoides (Sheldon, 3238, 4113: 736,
1942; 925, 1130; 4257)-

P. RECEDENS Syd.

On Senecio aureus (Heck, 2908).
P. PoDOPHYLLi Schwein.

On Podophyllum pcltatum. May 31, 1894 (Xuttall, 151 5).
P. 'i-ENUis Burrill.

On Eupafo'-ium agera^oides, Jnne i, 1894 (Nuttall, 1519).
P. AsTERis Duby.

On Aster cordifolius, Nov. 24, 1894 (Nuttall, 1758, 645).
On Aster macro phyllus (Sheldon).
P. Heliantpii Sz.

On Eleliajtthus decapctalus, .Sept. 19. 1895 (Nuttall, 1851).
On Helianthus annuus (Sheldon, ig66, 2150).

WEST \IKGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 8l

P. VioLAE (Schnm.) DC.

On Viola liastata, gecidial stage ; asecidia i8 x 25 fi. A spe-
cies of small reddish caterpillar found feeding on the spores,
April 30, 1893. Uredo stage on Viola rotundifolia or V .
hlanda, April 30, 1893 (Nuttall, 906). On Viola striata, ros-
trata, viUosa, and blanda {Sheldon, 1902, 4200; 1394; 23;
3060, 3478) .
P. CoNVOLvuLi (Pers.) Cast.

On Convolvulus repens. Aecidium May 3, Uredo June 14,
Teleuto, Oct. 4, 1894; all on same vine {Nuttall, 1516). On
Convolvulus Sepiiim {Sheldon, 926, 2337, 2657, 3158).

P. CoNVOLvuLi var.

On dead stems of Convolvulus repens, Feb. 19, 1895
Nuttall, 1793).
P. PiMPiNELLAE (Strauss) Link.

On living leaves Osmorrhisa Claytonii, Monongalia Co.
near Morgantown (Millspaugh). On IVashingtonia loiigi-
stylis {Sheldon, 36).
P. Menthae Pers.

On Cunila origanoides, Nov. 27, 1894. Teleutospores 28
X 20 fji, not yet verruculose {Nuttall, 1753). On Monarda
didyma; Mentha spicata; Clinopodiurn vulgarc ; Kocllia verti-
cillata; Monarda media; M. Ustulosa; Blephilia hirsuta; and
Koellia mutica {Sheldon, 2434; 3804; 1195; 1124; 1039;
i860; 1785; 1839).
P. coronata Corda.

On Holeus lanatits, Uredo. June 30, 1893; teleuto. Nov.

I, 1893, on same specimen. Length of pedicel 5 to 7.5 ju

• very thick, corona ~\- ^S [x broad, teeth 12.5 /x, teleutospores

50 X 15 ;u, {l<^uttall, 1265). On Avcna sativa {Sheldor,. 32,

747, 1852).

P. Rup.iGO-vERA (DC.) Wint.

On leaves Tritieuin vlugare. Wood Co., near Kanawha
Station {Millspaugh). On Elymus hirsutigluiiiis and on
Secale cereal e {Sheldon, 3198; 1607, 1711).
P. Caricis (Schum.) Reb.

On Carex sp. July 10, 1894, uredospores and teleutospores
{Nuttall, 1590).
P. HiERACii (Schum.) Mart.

P. Hoseulosorum Roehl. On living leaves Carduns laiiceo-
latus, Mason Co., near Point Pleasant {Millspaugh). On
Taraxacum Taraxacum, Oct. 20, 1894 {Niittall, 1721).
P. suAVEOLENS (Pcrs.) Rostr.

On living leaves Carduus lanceolatus. Wood Co., near
Kanawha Station (Millspaugh).

82 THE WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

P. SoRGHi Schwein.

Uredo, and teleutospores on Zca Mays, Sept. 7, 1894
(Nuttall, 1676).
P. CoNOCLiNii Seymour.

On Eiipatoriuui coelcsfiiium, Sept. 18, 1895 (Xnttall.
1849).
P. Anemones-Virginiana Sz.

On Anemone Jlrginiana, Sept. 18, 1895 (Nntfall, 1850).
P. Heucherae Sz.

P. Spreta Pk., P. Tiarella B. & C. On TiarcUa cordifoUa.
Oct. 21, 1895 {Nuttall, 1886).
P. Smilacis Schwein.

Uredospores on Suiilax ^lauca, Oct. 14, 1894 {Nnttall.
1708).
P. Sambuci (Schw.) Arthur.

On Sauihiicus Canadensis, Carcx Asa-Grayi and C. Frankii
(Sheldon, 40, 639, 1479; 2073; 739. 1264).
P. Saxifragae Schlect.

On Saxifraga Virginiensis (Sheldon 3).
P. Veratri Niessl.

On Vcratrnm viride (Sheldon, 1499).
P. Vernoniae Schw.

On Vernonia sp. (Sheldon, 33, 3183).

P. \\'lNDSORIAE Schw.

On Sieglingia sesleroides (Sheldon, 1959, 2194, 2754).
P. Xanthii Schw.

On Ambrosia triUda, A. arteniisiaefolia and Xanthinw
Canadense (Sheldon, 731; 734; 792, 1022).

P. MALVACEARUM Mont.

On Malva rotiindifolia and Althea rosea (Sheldon, 1344,
1611. 2215; 1365, 1406, 2123). On Mak'a sylvestris (F. E.
Brooks, 3202).
P. M ART AE- Wilson: CHnton.

On Claytonia Virginica (Sheldon, 1309).

P. MUHLENBERGIAE A. & H.

On Muhlenbergia diffusa and M. niexicaniis (Sheldon,
1267, 2012; 4199).
P. OBSCURA Schroet.

On Jnncoidcs cainpesfre (Sheldon).
P. ALBiPERiDiA .A.rthur.

On Ribes cynosbafi (Johnson, 4298).

P. ORBICULA P. & C.

On Prenantln\s altissiuia (Sheldon, 2498).
P. BERMINUTA Artluir.

On Agrostis peroiiiaus, Pocahontas, near Durl)in (Keller-
man).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 83

P. PoARUM Niessl.

On Poa pratensis (Sheldon, 13 19).

SYNCHYTRIUM DeBy. & Wor.

S. DECiPiENS Farlow.

On Falcata comosa {Sheldon, 655, 1384, 1438, 3351).

PUCCINIASTRUM Otth.
P. Hydrangeae (B. & C.) Arth.

On Hydrangea arbor esc ens. Arthur, North Am. Flora,
7:106. (Sheldon, 4, 2130).
P. Agrimoniae (Schw.) Tranz.

On Agrimonia niollis and parviHora. Arthur, North Am,
Flora, 7:106. (Sheldon, 771, 1016, 2122, and A. parviHora
2138). On Agrimonia gyrosepala (Sheldon, 3855).
P. MINIMUM (Schw.) Arth.

On Menziesia pilosa. Arthur, North Am. Flora. 7:109.
P. rusTULATUM (Pcrs.) Dietl.

On Epilohinm angustifolium and E. coloratuin (Sheldon,
2430. 3803, 3850).

GYMNOSPORANGIUM, Hedw.
G. clavariiforme (Jacq.) Rees.

Aecidiospores on Crataegus sp., Aug. 2, 1894 (Nnttall.
1637). On various species of Crataegus (Sheldon, 1107,
27, 1774, 1023, 2021, 1096, 21 19; Thatcher, 1714; Grout,
1707; F. E. Brooks, 1427).
G. Juniperinum (Linn.) Fr.

Teleutospores on J u nip cms Virginiana, April 2y, 1894
(Nut tall, 1473).
G. Juniperi-Virginianae Schw. (G. macropus Link).

jMercer : near Princeton, on Juniperus Virginiana (Mills-
paugh), in other localities on same (Sheldon) . Aecidia on
Mains coronaria at Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nnttall,
1157). On twigs, leaves and fruit of Mains Mains and M
coronaria (Sheldon). Berkeley: on Mains Mains at Ger-
rardstown (Waite).
G. corniculans Kern.

On Amelanchier Canadensis, Greenbrier: near Fort Spring
(Sheldon) .
G. globosum Farl.

On Crataegus macracantha and punctata, and on Juni-
perus Virginiana. Arthur, North Am. Flora, 7:205-6 (Shel-
don 2707, F. E. Brooks 2298).
G. NiDUS-Avis Thaxter

On Amelanchier Canadensis (Sheldon 2699, 2717).

84 THE WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

G. GERMiNALE (Schw.) Kern.

On fruits of Crataegus punctata from Spruce Knob, Pen-
dleton County, {Greenman, 257).

PHRAGMIDIUAl Link.
P. PoTENTiLLAE (Pers.) Karst.

On Potentilla Canadensis, uredospores, Monongalia Co.,
near Morgantown (Millspaugh). On P. Canadensis, uredo.
March 15, 1894, teleutospores, Oct. 5, 1894 (Nuttall, 1400?).
P. suBCORTiciUM (Schrauk.) Wint.

On Rosa humiJis, June 18, 1893 (Nuttall, 1008). On
Rosa sp. (Sheldon 4201).
P. RUBI-ODORATI Dietl.

On Ruhus odoratus. Arthur, North Am. Flora, 7:166.
(Grout 1251).
P. Americanum Dietl.

On a cultivated Rose. Arthur, North Am. Flora, 7:167.
P. disciflorum (Tode) J. F. James.

On a cultivated Rose. Arthur, North Am. Flora, 7:172.
(Sheldon 1991, 2135, 2139; F. E. Brooks 6).

KUEHNEOLA Magn.
K. obtusa (Strauss) Arthur.

On Potentilla Canadensis. Arthur, North Am. Flora, 7 :
185.
K. Uredinis (Link) Arthur.

On Rubus Allegheniensis and Canadensis, Arthur, North
Am. Flora, 7:186. On Rubus hispidiis (Sheldon 3476,
3829). On R. Canadensis 1250, 1258, 2435, 2762, 3835. On
R. strigosus (Shimer 2740).

COLEOSPORIUM Lev.
C. Senecionis (Schum.) Fr.

On living leaves of Pinus echinata (jecidia), Wood Co.,
near Lockhart's Run (Millspaugh).
C. SoNCHi (Pers.) Lev.

On living leaves Vernonia Noz/eboracense, Mason Co.,
near Point Pleasant (MilUpangh). On Aster cordif alius,
Dec. 3, 1894 (Nuttall, 1760).
C. Impomoeae (Schwein) Burrill.

On Ipomoea pandurafa, Oct. 15, 1894. Spores 85 x 23 /u
(Nuttall, 1720, 608).
C. Vernoniae B. & C.

On Vernonia Noveboracense at Rupert's, Sept. 25, 1894.
Spores 100 X 30 ju. (Nuttall, 1702, 595).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 85

C. CAmpanulae (Pers.) Lev.

On Campanula Americana.. Arthur, North Am. Flora,
7:89. (Sheldon 2954, Grout 1700, Post 1796).
C. Helianthi (Schw.) Arthur.

On Helianthus sp. {Sheldon, 3184).
C. SoLiDAGiNis (Schwein.) Thum.

On Solidago Canadensis. June 19, 1894 (Nuttall, 1550)-
On Callistephus {Sheldon, 2024, 2028).

AECIDIUM Pers.
Ae. Impatientis Schwein.

On Impatiens biflora, June 21, 1894 {Nuttall, 1558).
Ae. Ludwigiae E. & E.

On Ludwigia alternifolia {Sheldon, 2344).
Ae. Solidaginis Schw.

On Solidago lanceolata {Sheldon, 1840).
Ae. Ilicinum E. & E.? Bull. Torr. Club, 24:284. (1897).

Spots amphigenous, purplish-black above, dirty-orange be-
low, indefinite. Aecidia h3'pophyllous, mostly only one in
the center of a spot, hemispherical or tuberculiform and
closed at first, then laciniately dehiscent and margin coarsely
toothed ; secidiospores irregular in shape, globose, ovate, ellip-
tical or subangular, 18-22 /* in the longer diameter, epispore
more or less wrinkled or tuberculate-roughened.

On living leaves of Ilex opaca. Fayette : near Nuttallburg,
April, 1896 (Nuttall, 839).

PERIDERMIUM Lev.
P. Peckii Thum.

On living leaves Tsuga Canadensis, Pocahontas Co., near
Traveler's Repose (Millspaugh).
P. kalsameum Peck.

Under surface living leaves Abies balsamea, Randolph
Co., Shades-of-Death (Millspaugh) .

UREDO Pers.
U. Agrimoniae (DC.) Schroet.

On Agrimonia striata, July 10, 1894 (Nuttall, 1591).
U. Bigelowii (Thum.) Arthur.

On Salix nigra. Arthur, North Am. Flora, 7:101.
U. Medusae (Thum.) Arthur.

On Poptdus graiididentata (Fenton, 4255). On P. del-
toides and candicans (Sheldon, 2747, 2746).

86 THE WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

GYMNOCONIA Lagerh. . •

G. iNTERSTiTiALis (Schlccht) Lagerh. {Caeoma nitens).

On Rubus occidentalis {Sheldon, 25, 502). On R. procum-

bens (24), on R. Canadensis (48, 2433). On living leaves

Rubus hispidtis, Monongalia Co., near Morgantown {Mills-

paiigh). On Rubus villosus, May 2, 1893 (Nuftall, 907).

RAVENELIA Berk.
R. EPiPHYLLA (Schw.) Dietl.

On Cracca Virginiana. Arthur, North Am. Flora, 7:142.

PILEOLARIA Cast.
P. ToxicoDENDRi (Berk. & Rav.) Arthur.

On Rhus radicans. Arthur, North Am. Flora, 7:148.

TRANZSCHELIA Arthur.
T. PUNCTATA (Pers.) Arthur.

On Hepatica acuta. Arthur, North Am. Flora, 7:151.

POLYTHELIS Arthur.
P. FUSCA (Pers.) Arth. (Puccinia Anemones Pers.)

On Anemone quinquefolia, Randolph: at Sugar Creek {A.
B. Brooks).

PERISPORIACEAE.

PODOSPHAERA Kunze.

P. OxYACANTFiAE (DC.) DeBy.

On living leaves of Prunus cult., Crataegus oxyacantha
and Diospyros Virginiana, Monogalia Co., near Morgantown
(Millspaugh) . On Prunus serotina and Crataegus, Monon-
galia, near Morgantown ; Preston, near Cranesville ; and
Berkeley, near Martinsburg (Sheldon). On Cydonia vul-
garis and Spiraea salicifoHa (Sheldon, 1085, 1845).
P. LEUcoTRiciiA (E. & E.) Salm.

On Malus Malus (Sheldon, 2755, 2758).
P. TRiDACTYLA (Wallr.) DeBy.

On living leaves of Prunus cult., Cabell Co., near Flunt-
ington ( Millspaiigh ) .

SPHAEROTHECA Lev.

S. HuMULi (DC.) Burrill.

Oa, living leaves Agriinonia striata, Preston Co., near
Terra A\ta (Millspaugh).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 87

S. HuMULi FULiGiNEA (Schleclit.) Salmon.

On Erechthifcs liieracifolia and Bidens frondosa {Shel-
don, II 98, 3138).
:5. PANNOSA (Waller) Lev.

Monongalia, near Morgantown, on Crimson Rambler rose
{Starcher, 3200).
S. MoRS-UvAE (Schw.) B. & C.

On cultivated Gooseberry (F. E. Brooks, 3288).
.S. Castagnei Lev.

On living leaves Ercchtitcs hieracifolia, Nov. 11, 1894.

Asci 78 X 58 ju spores + 20 x 12 ja (Nuttall, 1740).
S. Mali (DuBy.) E. & E.

Berkeley: on Malus Mains at Gerrardstown (Woite).

PHYLLACTINIA Lev.
P. coRYLEA (Pers.) Karst. (P. suffulfa Sacc).

On living leaves Castanea dentata, Oct., 1893 {Nuttall
1315), and on Magnolia Frascri. On Polycodinm stamin-
eum, Greenbrier, at White Sulphur Springs (JVaife).

UNCINULA Lev.
U. Ampelopsidis Peck.

On cultivated grapes, Monongalia : near Morgantown
(Millspaugh). On leaves of Partheiwcissns quinqnefolia,
Fayette: near Nuttallburg {Nuttall, 1683).
U. MACROSPORA Peck.

On Uhnus Americana, Greenbrier : near Ronceverte ; and
Mason; near Point Pleasant {Sheldon, 1139, 1935)- On
jiiglans nigra: Syringa vulgaris; Euonymus atropnrpureiis;
Betula sp. ; and Viburnum sp. {Sheldon, 3144; 956, 2010;
742, 3135; 1225; 1083).
U. GENicuLATA Gerard.

On Morus rubra, Monongalia: near Morgantown {Sheldon,

3487).
U. PARVULA Ck, & Peck.

On Celtis, Berkeley: near Martinsburg [Sheldon, 1986).
U. ciRCiNATA Ck. & Peck.

On Acer saccharum, Monongalia : near Morgantown

{Grout, 1261).

U. NEGATOR (Schw.) Burr. {U. Americana Howe).

On leaves of Iritis cordifolia, Fayette : near Nuttallburg

{Nuttall, 1684). On Vitis sps. {Sheldon, 61, 953, 2110,

2114, 2206, 3131).

MICROSPHAERA Lev.
]\I. Alni (Wallr.) Salmon. {M. crineophila Pk.)

On leaves of Castanea dentata, Fayette: near Nuttallburg

88 THE WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

(Niittall, 169, 1218). On leaves of Fagiis, same location
and collector (1773). On Betula, Monongalia: at Cheat
View; and on Qucrcus, Preston: at Rohr {Sheldon, 1223,
1224).
M. Grossulariae (Wallr.) Lev.

On leaves Sainbucus Canadensis, Fayette : near Nuttall-
burg {Niittall, 1693). On same Preston: near Cranesvilk
{Sheldon).
M. elevata Burr, and Bess.

On leaves of Catalpa Catalpa, alt. 2,200 ft. Oct. 2, 1894
{Nuttall, 1690).
M. RussELLii Clint.

On Oxalis stricta, Aug. 9, 1694 {Niittall, 1650).
M. Vaccinnii Schw.

On Epigaea re pens, Oct. 1893. Threads slender, sharply
pointed, somewhat rough, asci 5-spored, 50 to 65 x 30 to 40
IX, spores 18 to 20 X 10 to II /A {Nuttall, 1255).
M. Ouercina (Schw.) Burr.

On Qiiercus palustris, at Rupert's, Aug. 26, 1894 {Nuttall,
1686, 591).
M. Alni-Vaccinii.

On Vaccinium sps. {Sheldon, 1222, 1226, 201s, 2684).
M. DIFFUSA Ck. & Pk.

On Symphoricarpos vulgaris and Desuiodiuui sp. {Shel
don, 2667, 3485).
M. EUPHORBIAE (Pk.) B. & C.

On Titliyinalopsis corollata {Sheldon. 1109, 1946, 2030).

ERYSIPHE (Hedw.) DC.
E. CiCHORACEARUM (DC.) Bufr.

On Xanthimn Canadense, Nov. i, 1893 {Nuttall, 1223),
and on Eupatorium purpureum.. On cultivated Dahlia; on
Phlox paniculata; Taraxacum sp. ; Achillea mHJefolium:
Aster sps. ; Verhesina alternifolia; Vernonia sp. ; Plantago
sp. ; Ambrosia triUda and artemesiae folia; Lappula Virginia-
num; Helianthus annuus and Eupatorium perfoliatum
{Sheldon, 4254; 3529, 3532. 1652, 21 18; 3482; 3134; 3488;
3145; 3531; 1141, 3125, 3141; 59; 1174, 2248, 3172, 3483;
723; 3133; 56; 1967; 1257).
E. COMMUNIS (Wall.) Fr.

On Eupatorium ageratoides, Oct. 14, 1894 {Nuttall, 1707).
E. Graminis DC.

On living leaves Poa pratensis, Preston Co., near Terra
Alta {Millspaugh). On Triticum vulgar e; Dactylis glome-
rata; Secale cereale and Poa compressa {Sheldon, 3002;
1638; 1606; 3224).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 8g

E. SP.

Upshur : near Buckhannon, on Micrampdis lobata, Sept.
12, 1905 (Sheldon). There is a strong probabihty of this
being E. Polygoni upon a pecuhar host !

E. LiRIODENDRI Schw.

On Liriodendron Tulipifera in deep shade, Short Creek,
alt. 1,150 ft., Oct. 9, 1894 {Nuttall, 1697).
E. AGGREGATA (Peek) Farlow,

On Alnus, Greenbrier: near Durbin (Sheldon, 1160, 3787).
E. Polygoni DC.

On Liriodendron tulipifera, Monongaha, near Morgan-
town (Sheldon).

The following are in the Sheldon Herbarium and collected
by him unless otherwise indicated: On Onagra biennis
(3533), Trifolimn procumbens (3253, 3268, Starcher 3218),
T. pratense (3522), T. hybridiini (3534), T. stolonifenim
(3513), Cuphaea viscosissima (Grose 3481; Johnson 2233),
Brassica napus (3523), Pisum sativum (3070, E. E. Brooks
1649), Anemone sp. (Grout 1262), Falcata comosa (3081),
Ranunculus abortiviis (1202), and Polygonum sps. (737,

935)-

EUROTIUM Link.

E. KERBARioRUM (Wigg) Link.

On damp leaves Liriodendron Tulipifera neglected in plant
press, Sept. i, 1894 (Nuttall, 1681).

APIOSPORIUM Kuntze.
A. pelliculosum (B. & Rav.). (Capnodiuni B. & Rav.).

Tucker: on Prumis sp. (Plum), at Parsons (Szvisher,
2314)-

ASTERINA Lev.
A. Leemingii E. & E.

On Galax aphylla. May 4, 1894 (Nuttall, 1493, 475).

DIMEROSPORIUM Fckl.
D. Galactis E. & E.

On leaves of Galax apyhlla in conjunction with the last
species above. May 4, 1894 (Nuttall, 1576, 475).
D. CoLLiNSii (Schw.) Thum.

On leaves Amalanchier Canadensis, Glade Creek, May 4,
1894 (Nuttall. 1490, 472). On Carpinus Caroliniana, Keg-
ley, Mercer County, July 27, 1900 (Morris, 1078).

SCORIAS Fries.
S. spoNGiosA (Schw.) Fr.

On living Fagus atropunicea, at Rupert's July 26, 1894.
Spores 16 to 18 X 5 /A (Nuttall, 1634).

90 TIIK Wi:ST VIRGINIA FLORA

SPHAERIACEAE.

ANTHOSTOMA Nitschke.

A. DisciNCOLA (Schw.) Sacc.

On Crabapple, Monongalia: Morgantown (Sltcldon).

VALSA Fries.

V. CERATOPHORA Tul.

On fire killed Hicoria iiiinima, Oct. 17, 1894. On Acer
saccharinum, L. Asci 38 x 5 jx, spores 7.5 to 10 x 1.5 to
1.75 fx (Nuttall, 1711).
V. DiosPYRi E. & E. Proc. Phil., Acad., 340 (1894).

Type habitat : On dead limbs Diospyros Virgi>iiaua^ Dec.
10, 1893 (Nuttall, discov. 1308, 253).

Stroma consisting of the slightly blackened substance of
the bark, convex, about 2 mm. diameter, not circumscribed.
Perithecia 4 to 10 in a stroma, subglobose, .25 to .33 mm.
diameter, necks converging and united above in a small,
black disk which perforates the pustuli form-elevated epider-
mis, but does not rise above it. Ostiola short, conic-cylin-
drical, with a smooth, round opening crowded and finally
obliterating the disk. Asci clavate-lanceolate, p. sp. 25 x 5 /u,,
8-spored. paraphysate. Sporidia allantoid, hyaline, 8 to 10 x
1.5 to 2 /x. Spermogonia (Cytispora), stroma multilocular
gray inside, opening by a single, central pore. Spermatia
allantoid, hyaline, moderately curved, 4 to 5 x 1.25 /x.
V. ETHERiALis E. & E. Proc. Phila. Acad., 341 (1894).

Type habitat : On dead limbs of Acer rnhrum, Feb.,
1894 {Nuttall, discov. 1304, 373).

Stromata cortical, thickly scattered, convex i to 1.5 mm.
diameter. Perithecia 6 to 12 together, circinate, buried in
the unaltered substance of the bark, small, 150 to 250 m
diameter their short necks terminating in an erumpent, com-
pact fascicle of obtuse, black, slightly umbilicate ostiola
closely embraced by the epidermis and scarcely rising above
it. Asci (p. sp.) fusoid, 15 to 22 x 4 to 4.5 /x, stipitate, 8-
spored. Spordia biseriate, allantoid, hyaline, curved, slender,
5 to 6 X about I /x. When well developed, the epidermis is
raised into subdiscoid pustules in which the slight protub-
erances indicate the position of the subjacent perithecia.

V. deUcatula C. & E. has fewer, larger perithecia and
broader sporidia. V. microshora Cke. & Plowr. has also
larger perithecia and yellowish sporidia, and the ostiola are
more or less distinctly sulcate, indicating its close relation-
ship to Eutypclla. In V. etheriaJis the spordia both in and
out of the asci are perfectly hyaline.

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY QI

V. coRONATA (Hoffm.) Fr.

On young, fire-killed Castanca dentata, Nov. 14, 1893
(Nut tall, 1263, 209).
V. ALBOPUNCTA E. & E., Field Mus. Bot., 1:133 (1896).

Type habitat : On dead limbs Liriodendron Tulipifera,
Oct., 1894 (Nuttall, discov. 1712, 600).

Stromato minute (.5 to 7.5 mm.), subseriate, included in
the thick epidermis and not penetrating the inner bark, white
throughout, and without any distinct circumscribing line.
Perithecia 3 to 6 in a stroma, pale slate-color, no to 130 u
diameter; necks very slender, terminating in minute, subglo-
bose, slate-colored ostiola taridly erumpent around the mar-
gin of the minute, snow-white, pulverulent disk. Asci clavate
cylindrical, 50 x 6 /a, short-stipitate, obtuse above, paraphy-
sate? Spordia biseriate, allantoid, hyaline, moderately
curved, 6 to 9 x 1.5 to 2 /x.

A beautiful species. The lines of snow-white disks, which
barely perforate the ruptured epidermis and are closely sur-
rounded by its torn and slightly raised margin, present a
very neat appearance.
V. Abietis Fr.

On Tsiiga Canadensis Short Creek, alt. 1,100 ft., Feb. 2,
1893 (Nuttall, 1349).
V. ViTis (Schw.) Fckl.

On Vitis sp., March 26, 1894 (Nuttall, 1432).

V. PRAESTANS B. & C.

On dead twigs Nyssa aquatica, Nov. 14, 1893 (Nuttall,
1242). Spores 10 to 12 X 3 to 4 /x.
V. Nyssae Cooke.

On fire killed Nyssa aquatica, Nov. 14, 1893 (Nuttall.
1689).
V. subclypeata C. & Peck.

On young fire killed Sassafras Sassafras, Nov. 14, 1893
(Nuttall, 1262, 209).
V. ambiens (Pers.) Fr.

On Asimina triloba, Conuis Horida and Aralia spinosa,
Feb. 18, 1894 (Nuttall, 1383).
V. Chionantpii E. & E., Proc, Phila. Acad.. 340 (1894).

Type habitat: On dead limbs of Chionanthus Virgimca,
March, 1894 (Nuttall, discov. 1456, 228).

Perithecia 4 to 10, globose, .25 to .7,2^ mrn. diameter, buried
in the unchanged substance of the bark, with convergent
necks, terminating in short-cylindrical, obtuse, perforated
ostiola erumpent in a close fascicle perforating and slightly
raising the bark. Asci clavate, p. sp. 40 to 45 x 8 to 10 fx,
8-spored, paraphysate? Spordia allantoid, hyaline, 12 to 15
x 3.5 to 4.5 /x, biseriate above.

92 THE WEST N'IRGINIA FLORA

Spermogoiiia (Cytispora Chionanthi E. & E.) buried in
the bark, iiask-shaped, .5 to .75 (x diameter, multilocular, the
cells soon confluent, the apex erumpent and perforated by a
single pore. Sporules allantoid, 4 to 6 x i to 1.25 /a, borne
on basidia branched above, the branches erect, straight,
nucleate, 7 to 10 ju. long.
V. PAUPERATA C. & E.

On' Acer ruhriim, March 26, 1S94 (Nuttall, 1444, 423).
V. LEUCOSTOMA (Pcrs.) Ff.

On peach tree, Dec. 2, 1894 (Ntittall, 1768).
V. LiNDERAE Peck.

On Benzoin Benzoin, April 11, 1895 {Nuttall, 1796).

EUTYPELLA Nits.
E. DENSissiMA E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad., 341 (1894).

Type habitat : On dead limbs Aralia spinosa, Feb., 1894
(Nuttall, 363).

Stromata scattered, cortical, depressed-conical, 2 to 3 mm.
diameter, not circumscribed, but staining the bark olive-gray.
Perithecia numerous, often 50 to 70 in a stroma, 100 to 120
fi diameter, closely packed, their slender necks terminating
in obtusely conical, 4 cleft, black, densely crowded ostiola
erumpent in a brown disk surrounded by the ruptured epi-
dermis. The disk is soon obliterated, so that only the
crowded, black, subshining ostiola are seen. Asci clavate-
fusoid, p. sp. 25 to 30 X 4 fi. Sporidia biseriate, allantoid.
hyaline, moderately curved, 8 to 10 x 1.5 to 2 /a.
E. RUGiELLA (C. & E.) Sacc.

On Acer ruhrum, May 4, 1893 {Nuttall, 921).
E. STELLULATA (Fr.) Sacc.

On Rohinia Pseudacacia, March 29, 1893 (Nuttall, 33).
On Ailanthus, Monongalia: near Morgantown (Sheldon).
E. Platini Sz.

On Platanus occidcntalis in drift. Spores 7.5 to 8 x 1.5
to 2 IX, Oct. 21, 1895 (Nuttall, 1885).

EUTYPA Tul.
E. spinosa (Pers.) Tul.

On dry dead logs, June 29, 1893 (Nuttall, 1105).
E. MiLLiARiA (Fr.) Sacc.

On river drift wood, April 20, 1894. Asci 150 x 6 /x spores
10 X 2 ^ (Nuttall, 1477).

DIATRYPE Fr.

D. Stigma (Hofifm.) Fr.

On Castanea dentata, April 15, 1895 (Nuttall, 1799).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 93

D, PLATYSTOMA (Scliw.) Berk.

On Magnolia Fraseri, Feb. 8, 1894 [Niittall, 1380, 342).
D, viRESCENS (Schw.) Cooke.

On Qiicrcus, Aionongalia : near Alorgantown {Sheldon).

DIATRYPELLA C. & DeNot.
D. VERRUCIFORMIS (Elirli.) Nits.

On Alniis nigosa, Nov. 20, 1893 {Nuitall, 1258).

ROSELLINIA DeNot.
R. AguiLA (Fr.) DeNot.

On dead limbs, March 21, 1893 {Nuttall, 919, 19).
R. coRTicuM (Schw). Sacc.

On dead oak, alt. 1,800 ft.. Short Creek. Spores 25 to
30 X lo to 12.5 II. Dec. 16, 1893 {Nuttall, 13 10).
R. suBicuLATA (Schw.) Sacc.

On dead dry Robinia Pseudacacia, July 15, 1893. Per-
ithecia clustered or connate, each 3 to 5 /x, black, ostiola
papillate. Spores 9 to 12.5 x 5 to 6 /* somewhat inequilateral,
elliptical, colored {Nuttall, 1129).
R. puLVERACEA (Ehrh.) Fckl.

On dead wood, Nov. 1893. Spores 10 to 15 x 7 to 9 |U
{Nuttall, 1338). Monongalia, on hickory log near Uffing-
ton; on Platanus near Marilla (Sheldon).

R. MILLEGRANA (Schw.) SaCC.

On dead Platanus occidcntalis, Aug. 2, 1893 {Nuttall,
1161).

R. ABIETINA TRICHOTA C. & Ell.

On Pinus Virginiana, Jan. 7, 1895 (Nuttall, 1784, 675).
BOMBARDIA Fr.

B. FASCICULATA Fr.

On wet dead limb, Magnolia Fraseri, on ground, Sept.
16, 1895 (Nuttall, 1830).

ANTHOSTOMA Nits.
A. MiCROECiUM E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad., 344 (1894).

Type habitat: On dead limbs Asimina triloba, Feb. 12,
1894 (Nuttall, discov. 1377).

Stroma cortical, faintly circumscribed, i to 1.5 mm. diam-
eter, orbicular, convex. Perithecia 4 to 8 in a stroma, glo-
bose, minute (200 to 250 /x), circinate, necks slender, short,
converging, with the minute papilliform ostiola erumpent
in a small, black, hemispherical disk, which barely pierces
the pustuliform-elevated epidermis, and is closely embraced
by it. Asci cylindrical. 80 to no x 8 to 10 /x, paraphysate

94 THE WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

8-spored. Sporidia uniseriate, elliptical, brown, continuous,
2-nucleate, 12 to 14 x 6 to 7 ju.

Distinguished by its very small stroma and perithecia.
A. MicROPLACUM (B. & C.) Sacc.

On Sassafras Sassafras, alt. 1,800 ft., March 21, 1893
{Nuttall, 915).

XYLARIA Hill.
X. POLYMORPH A (Pers.) Grev.

On dead logs, April 7, 1893 {Nuttall, 890).
X. CORNIFORMIS Fr.

On rotten limb, Sept. 9, 1893. On Magnolia Fraseri,
Nov., 1895 (Nuttall, 1 194).
X. Hypoxylon (Linn.) Grev.

On dead log, March 10, 1893 (Nuttall, 807).
X. flabelliformis (Schw.) B. & C.

On Carpinus Caroliniana, May 13, 1893 (Nuttall, 957)-
X. Cornu-Damae (Schw.) Berk.

On wet rotten log, alt. 2,000 ft., Aug. 24, 1893. Spores
20 to 21 X 4.5 II (Nuttall, 1179).

USTULINA Tul.

U. VULGARIS Tul.

On dead and rotting stumps, March 8, 1893 (Nuttall, 954).

HYPOXYLON Bull.
H. ATROViRiDE E. & E.. Proc. Phila. Acad., 346 (1894).

Type habitat : On bark of dead tree, Betnla or Oiierciis,
Dec, 1893 (Nuttall, discov. 1320, 275).

Stroma pulvinate, i to 1.5 cm. across, and about 4 mm.
thick, orbicular, covered above with a thin (.5 mm.) carbon-
aceous crust, which is soon covered by a dark green layer
of the ejected spores, laterally and internally dirty-umber
color. Perithecia (which constitute the entire inner sub-
stance of the stroma) ovate compressed, and including the
long, stout neck, about 3 mm. long and i mm. broad be-
low. Ostiola papilliform, soon covered and obscured by the
ejected sporidia. Asci cylindrical 100 x 3.5 to 4 fi (p. sp.
40 to 45 long), paraphysate, 8-spored. Sporidia uniseriate,
oblong-elliptical, pale brown under the microscope, 2-nuc-
leate, 4.5 to 5.5 X 2 /x.

This is a well-marked species. The substance of the
stroma, except the superficial carbonaceous layer, is friable,
and in this respect as well as the color resembles H. Pelersii
B. & C., from which, however, in other respects it is very
distinct.

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 95

H. COCCINEUM Bull.

On Aralia spinosa, alt. 1,300 ft., Aug. 18, 1893 {Nuttall,
1 173, 140).
H. NuTTALLii E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad., 346 (1894).

Type habitat : On bark of dead Magnolia Fraseri at
Glade Creek, May, 1894 {Nuttall, discov, 1494, 477).

Stromata gregarious, subconfluent, depressed-hemispher-
ical or strongly convex, 3 to 6 mm. diameter, purplish-
black, mammillose. Perithecia small (about .25 mm.) scat-
tered irregularly through the stroma, which is rather soft
and brownish within. Ostiola crowning the mammillose
projections on the surface of the stroma, papilliform, soon
deciduous, leaving a round perforation. The asci in the
spec, examined had disappeared. Sporidia brown, oblong-
elliptical, sub-inequilateral, 7 to 8 x 3 to 4 /x (exceptionally
9 X 5 m).
H. HowEiANUM Peck.

On decorticated Magnolia Fraseri, alt. 1,800 ft., Sept.
12, 1893 (Nuttall, 1203, 158).
H. FUSCUiM (Pers.j Fr.

On dead and decorticated Acer saccharum. Grant Co.,
near Bayard {Mills pan gh). On dead Alnus rugosa, Oct.
31, 1893. Spores 12 X 6 to 7 /x {Nuttall, 1221).

H. MULTIFORME Fr.

On dead Betula sp., alt. 1,800 ft., Short Creek, Aug. 11,

1893 {Nuttall, 1 1 47).

H. PERFORATUM (Schw.) Fr.

On dead twig, Feb. 3, 1894. On Ilex opaca, Dec. 28,

1894 {Nuttall, 1351). Spores 10 x 5 /x. On Magnolia Fra-
seri, Nov., 1895.

H. RUBiGiNosuM (Pcrs.) Fr.

On dead hard wood of Robinia Pscudacacia, Feb. 25,
1893 {Nuttall, 949, 39).
H. Sassafras (Schw.) Berk.

On Sassafras Sassafras, jMarcli 21, 1893. Spores 8 to 12
X 3 to 4 /A {Nuttall, 917).

H. STIGMATEUM Cookc.

On living Qucrcns sp., originating under the outer bark
which it pushes off, or at times remains attached at one-
edge and stands away like a lid. Asci, total length, 150
X 10 jx, fertile portion 120 x 10 //., spores black, elliptical,
16 to 20 X 6 to 10 fjL. Feb. 2, 1894 (Nuttall, 1350).
H. coLLicuLOSUM (Schw.) Nits.

On Rhododendron inaxinniin, alt. 1,800 ft., Short Creek,
Dec. 16, 1893 {Xiitfall. 1330, 289).

96 THE WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

DALDINIA DeNot.
D. CONCENTRICA (Bolt.) C. & DcN.

On bark of dying Acer sp., April 15, 1893 (Xnttall, 905).
On Betula, Monongalia, at Coopers Rock (Sheldon).
D. VERNicosA (Schw.) C. & DeN.

On dead trees, March, 1895 (Nutiall, 1790).

NUMMULARIA Tul.
N. DiscRETA (Schw.) E. & E.

Berkeley, on Mains Mains at Gerrardstown (IVaite).
N. PUNCTULATA (B. & Rav.) Sacc.

On dead branch of Oner ens sp., Aug. 16, 1893 (Nnttall,

GNOMONIA Ces. & DeNot.
G. ULMEA (Sacc.) Thum.

On dead leaves of Ulnius. Summers, near Lowell (Pol'
lard & Maxon, 131). On Ulniits Americana, Wayne, near
Ceredo (Sheldon).

GNOMONIELLA Sacc.
G. CoRYLi (Batsch.) Sacc.

On Corylns Americana at Rupert's, Aug. 5, 1894 (Nutt-
all, 1647).
G. FiMBRiATA (Pers.) Saccardo.

On Carpinus, Greenbrier, near Durbin (Sheldon).

PHYSALOSPORA Niessl.
P. Ilicis (Schw.) Sacc.

On dead leaves of Ile.v opaca, Jnly 21, 1894. Asci 7.5
to 10 IX (Nnttall, 1616). Monongalia, near Morgantown
(Sheldon).
P. Dracaenae Sheldon.

On Dracaena fragrans, cultivated at Morgantown (Shel-
don).

TRICHOSPHAERIA Fckl.
T. pulchriseta Peck

On dry firm splinters of dead log, alt. 1,800 ft.. Short
Creek, March 6, 1894 (Nnttall. 141 2, 382).

BOTRYOSPHAERIA Ces. & DeNot.
B. Quercuum (Schw.) Sacc.

On Querciis sp., Vitis sp., Finns Virginiana, Opnlaster
opulifolius, and PartJicnocissns qninqiicfolia. Perithecia 2
to 10 (Nuttall, 925, 14).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 97

B. QuERCuuM var.

On cultivated Ritbus, Feb. 25, 1895 (Nuttall, 1794, 685).
B. Araliae Curtis.

On Aralia spiiiosa, Feb. 24, 1894. Spores 20 to 30 x 8
to 10 /x {Nuttall, 1395).
B. pyriospora (Ellis) Sacc.

On Chionanthus Virginica, March 28, 1894. Asci, fertile
portion, 75 x 15 fi (Nuttall, 1438).

B. HiBisci forma.

On Cclastrus scandens, April 2y, 1895 (Nuttall, 1819,
707). Spores 26 to 35 X 6 to 7.5 /x.

CRYPTOSPORELLA Sacc.

C. COMPTA (Tul.) Sacc.

On dead limbs of Fagns atropiinicca, Nov. 17, 1893. Asci,
fertile portion, 100 x 12.5 to 15 fx, spores granular 22 x 10 ju
(Nuttall, 1256).

SPHAERELLA Ces. & DeNot.
S. maculiformis (Pers.) Awd.

On leaves of Castanea dcntata on ground, Dec. 13, 1893
(Nuttall, 1 3 14).
S. iNFUSCANS E. & E., Bull. Torr. Club, 25:504 (1898).

Perithecia gregarious, minute, covered by the thin epider-
mis which is raised into minute pustules and blackened con-
tinuously for one or more cm. in extent ; ostiolum conic-
papilliform, erumpent, asci oblong-cylindrical, 35 to 45 x
7 to 8 ^, sporidia biseriate, fusoid, slightly curved, hyaline,
nucleate, becoming faintly uniseptate, but scarcely con-
stricted.

Differs from the description and figures of S. pctioUcola
(Desm.) in its longer fusoid sporidia.

On old petioles of Liriodcndron tulipifera, Nuttallburg,
May, i8q8 (Nuttall, 937).
S. coNicoLA Sacc.

On dead cones of Tsuga Canadensis, Dec. 16, 1893. Spores
10 X 3 /* (Nuttall, 1311).
S. Gaultheriae C. & P.

On Gaidtheria procunihens, June 8, 1894 (Nuttall, 1534).

S. NYSSAECOLA Cooke ?

On Nysa aqnatica, Oct. 10, 1894 (immature) (Nuttall,
1719,607).

DIDYMELLA Sacc.

D. Pkysocarpi E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad., 1894. 335.

Type habitat : On Opnlaster opulifolius, ]\Iay 12, 1894
(Nuttall, 1507. 488).

98 THE WEST VIRGINLV FLORA

Perithecia gregarious, covered by the pustulifonn epider-
mis, about .25 mm. diameter, white inside, depressed-globose,
the papilliform ostiolum barely penetrating the epidermis.
Asci clavate-cylindrical, short-stipitate, 85 to 90 x 10 to 12
jji, paraphysate, 8-spored. Sporidia biseriate, fusoid, 4-
nucleate, uniseptate, constricted at the septum, hyaline, 19
to 22 X 4 to 5 fx, mostly a little curved.

MELANCONIS Tul.

M. MODONIA Tul.

On Castanca dnitaia, Nov. 14, 1893 [Nitttall, i2'/4, 221).
M. TiLiACEA (Ell.) E. & E.

On bark of Tilia, in company with Diplodia paraphysata
E. & E., Fayette, near Nuttallburg (Nnttall). Monongalia,
at Morgantown (Sheldon).

HERCOSPORA Tul.
H. TiLiAE (Fr.) Tul.

On Tilia heterophylla, Feb. 16, 1894. Spores 18 x 7.5 ju
(Nnttall, 1834, 346).

DIAPORTHE Nits.
D. Gladioli E. & E. ?

On Caulophyllum thalictroidcs, July 8, 1894. Asci 38 x 5
to 7 fjL, spores septate, 4 nucleate, about 10 x 3 /x (Xiittoll,.
1603, 553)-
D. Araliae E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad., 339 (1894).

Type habitat: On Aralia spiiiosa, Feb. 2, 1894 (Nuttall,
discov. 1356, 312).

Stroma buried in the wood and circumscribed by a pene-
trating, black line, elliptical, about 5x4 mm. Perithecia
buried in the stroma, few (6 to 10) globose, .5 to .75 mm.
diameter, their short-cylindrical ostiola projecting from a
black, tubercular disk seated on the surface of the wood and
perforating the pustuli form-elevated epidermis, but scarcely
rising above it. Asci clavate-cylindrical, 40 to 45 x 5 to 6 /x,
paraphysate, 8-spored. Sporidia biseriate, oblong, 4-nucleate,
becoming uniseptate and slightly constricted, hyaline, obtuse,
12 to 13 X 2.5 to 3 fx.

Allied to and resembling D. ocularia C. & E.
D. (Chorostate) Halesiae E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad., 339
(1894).

Type haritat : On dead limlxs of MoJirodciidron Caro
linnm. May, 1894 {Ntittall, discov. 1541).

Perithecia 4 to 8, loosely circinate. .75 mm. horn-color
inside, becoming nearly black, sunk in the wood, necks con-
verging with their obtuse, smooth, hemispherical ostiola

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 99

erumpent in a close fascicle, closely surrounded by the rup-
tured epidermis. Asci slender, 55 to 60 x 6 to 7 fx, hhort-
stipitate. Sporidia sub-biseriate, fusoid-oblong, hyaline, 2 to
4-nucleate, becoming uniseptate and slightly constricted,
straight, 12 to 15 x 2.5 to 3 ju,.

There is no distinct circumscribing line around the stroma,
but the inner surface of the bark is uniformly blackened.
D. (Chorostate) Tetrapterae E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad., 339

(1894).

Type habitat: On dead limbs Molirodcndron Carolinum,
May. 1894 {Nnttall, discov. 1542).

Stroma cortical, 1.5 to 2 mm. diameter, surrounded by- a
black line which does not penetrate the wood. Perithecia
4 to 12, circinate, 5 mm. diameter, sunk to the wood and
leaving their impress on its surface but not penetrating it.
Ostiola obtusely rounded and perforated, erumpent in a com-
pact fascicle and closely surrounded by the ruptured epi-
dermis. Asci clavate-cylindrical, 75 to 80 x 12 /x. Sporidia
biseriate, oblong-fusoid, slightly curved, subobtuse, hyaline,
uniseptate and constricted at the septum, each cell with a
large nucleus, 9 to 22 x 5 to 7 /u,.

Differs from D. Halcsiac E. & E., in its smaller perithecia,.
not sunk in the wood, and its much larger sporidia.
D. (Chorostate) Aceris Eckl.

On Acer saccharhmm, L., Jan. 26, 1894 (Xuttall, 1739)-
D. Hvdrangeae E. & E., Eield Mus. Bot., i 1140 (1896).

Type habitat : On dead stems Hydrangea arborcscens,
Nov., 1894 (NuttaU, discov. 1756, 641).

Perithecia scattered, ovate-globose, 350 to 380 /a diameter,
sunk in the wood, which is not at all discolored. Ostiola
stout, erumpent, short-cylindrical, or conic-cylindrical, the
apex papilliform. Asci (p. sp.) oblong-cylindrical, 50 to 60
x 8 /x, 8-spored, obscurely paraphysate. Sporidia biseriate.
oblong-elliptical, hyaline, uniseptate, slightly constructed, 12
to 15x3 to 4 /u, ends subacute.

This may he the Sphacria spoken of by Schweinitz as
found by him on limbs of Hydrangea, in company with his
Sphaeria (Teichospora) Hydrangcac.
D. (Chorostate) cercophora (Ellis.) Sacc.

On Ilex opaca, Dec. 23, 1893, March 15, 1894 (XiiftaU.

1333)-
D. (Cpiorostate) oncostoma (Du B.) Eckl.

On Robiuia Psendacacia, April 7, 1894. Spores 17 to 19 x
4 to 5 /u {NuttaU, 1446).
D. (Chorostate) sociata (C. & E.) Sacc.

On Benzoin Benzoin, April 13, 1895. Helminthospores 75
to 100 X 15 fi. 7-septate {XuttaJI, 1798).

100 THE WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

D. (Chorostate) obscura (Peck) Sacc.

On Rnhus villosus, Feb. 13, 1893 (Nuttall, 1313, 260).
D. (Euporthe) aculeata (Schw.) Sacc.

On Phytolacca decandra, Nov. 14, 1894. Asci 40 to 55 x
6 to 7.5 IX. Spores 12.5 to 18 x 3 to 3.5 ^ (Niittall, 1754,

639)-
D, (Tetrastaga) rostellata (Fr.) Nits.

On Riibiis odoratiis, May 31, 1894 (Nuttall, 1528, 560).

AMPHISPHAERIA Ces. & DeNot.
A. piNicoLA Rehm.

On Pinus rigida at Glade Creek, and on Pin us Virginiana,
May 4, 1894. Spores very variable -|- 35 x 12 ju, (Nuttall,
1499, 480).

VALSARIA Ces. & DeNot.

V. EXASPERANS (Gcr.) Sacc.

On Juglans cinerca, Nov. 3, 1893 (Nuttall, 1260, 202).
On same, Monongalia, near Morgantown (Sheldon).

MASSARIA DeNot.
M. Magnoliae E. & E., Field Mus. Bot., 1:141 (1896). '

Type habitat: On bark of dead limbs Magnolia acu-
minata, April 25, 1895 (Nuttall, discov. 1818, 700, 705).

Perithecia scattered, buried in the bark, depressed-globose,
.75 to 1.25 mm. diameter, the subconical ostiolum piercing
but not perceptibly raising the bark. Asci broad oblong, p.
sp. 150 to 200 X 55 to 65 /x with a very short, nodular stipe,
8-spored, paraphysate. Sporidia crowded-biseriate, oblong
or clavate-oblong, 3 to 5-septate, mostly 3-septate, when
young, hyaline at first, finally deep brown and then with
only one distinct septum, though often i to 4 other faint
septa can be seen. There is a distinct constriction at the
main septum, which is a little below the middle of the spore,
but none at the other faint septa which are often wanting.
The sporidia measure 65 to 80 x 20 to 25 fi, larger than in
M. foedans (Tode), which has sporidia about 50 x 20 /x, 3-
septate and constricted at all the septa, besides being more
distinctly narrowed below.

LEPTOSPHAERIA (Pers.) DeNot.
L. DoLioLUM (Pers.) DeNot.

On Polymnia Uvcdalia and Helianthus decapetalus, Nov.
16, 1894. Perithecia covered by outer bark. Asci, fertile
part no X 6 /A, stipitate. spores overlapping at ends. Spores
22 X 4 /., 23 X 4.5 fx, 25 X 5 ;u, 27 X 5 M, 30 X 5 /x; 3-septate,

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY lOI

nucleate, constricted at septum when mature ; straight, one-
sided, or curved {Nuttall, 1744).

L. VAGABUNDA SaCC.

On dead stems Hydrangea arhorescens, Nov. 21, 1894.
Asci 125 to 150 X 7.5 jn total length {Nuttall, 1745).
L. OGiLviENSis (B. & Br.) Ces. & DeNot.

On Cimicifnga racemosa, July 4, 1894 {Nuttall, 1586).
L. cLAviGERA (C & E.) Sacc.

On old stems Phytolacca decaiidra, Nov. 14, 1894 {Nutt-
all, 1741). Spores -|- 43 X 6 /i.

L. ORTHOGRAMMA (B. & C.)

On Zea Mays, Aug. 10, 1895 {Nuttall, 1832, 722).

MELANOMMA Nits & Fckl.
M. PuLvis-PYRius (Pers.) Fckl.

On decorticated Magnolia Fraseri, alt. 1,800 ft., Short
Creek, Sept. 10, 1893. Spores 15 x 3.5 /* {Nuttall, 1200).

TREMATOSPHAERIA Fckl.
T. viTiGENA E. & E., Field Mus. Bot., 1:142 (1896).

Type habitat : On old, decaying wood of Vitis rnpestris,
April, 1894 {Nuttall, discov. 454).

Perithecia gregarious, sunk in the wood all except the
obtuse, convex apex, .5 to .75 mm. diameter, depressed-
globose, the buried part rather thin-walled, the erumpent,
convex apex thick, solid, like the stromatic shield of Clype-
osphaeria. Ostiolum papilliform, soon perforated. Asci
clavate-cylindrical, paraphysate, 8-spored, 86 to 100 x 10
to 12 IX. Sporidia sub-biseriate, fusoid-oblong, 3-septate,
and constricted, subacute, pale-brown, 20 to 25 x 6 to 7 ^.

PSEUDOVALSA Ces. & DeNot.

P. SIGMOIDEA (C. & E.)

On dead limbs Quercvis Prinus. Spores 50 to 88 x 5 to
7 fi {Nuttall, 1828, 717).

LASIOSPHAERIA Ces. & DeNot
L. oviNA (Pers.) Ces. & DeNot.

On Juglans cinerea, and parasitic on Hypoxylon, Short
Creek, alt. 1,800 ft., Dec. 16, 1893. Spores 50 to 60 x 6
to 7.5 fx.. Asci 135 x 12.5 fx {Nuttall, 1^22).

ACANTHOSTIGMA DeNot.

A. DECASTYLUM (Cookc) Sacc.

On dead log, June 18, 1893 {Nuttall, 1018).

102 THE WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

HERPOTRICHIA Fckl.
H. DIFFUSA (Schw.) E. & E.

On dead twig, Sept. lo, 1893 (Niittall, 1197). On
Morns rubra, at Marilla {Slicldon).

CALOSPORA Sacc.
C. AcuLEANS (Schw.) Sacc.

On Rhus liirfa and copalliua, March 2^, 1894. Spores
15 to 17 X 3 ^, aculeate {Nut tall, 1440).
C. RiiOiNA (C. & Ell.) Sacc.

On Rhus hirta, Dec. 9, 1893. Spores 15 to 18 x 5? ^
hyaline, 4-nucleate, imiseptate constricted at septum. (Nutt-
all, 1348, 306).

PYRENOPHORA Fr.
P. CALVESCENS (Fr.) Sacc. ?

On Chenopodiuni aiithclininticiiin, Aug. 10, 1895 (Nuttall.
1845, 736).

TEICHOSPORA Fckl.

T. NITIDA E. & E.

On Ruhus villosus, Apr. 25, 1895. Asci 75 x 12? fx. Spores
20 to 23 x 9 to 10 fx {Nuttall, 1817, 706).

CARYOSPORA DeNot.

C. PUTAMiNUM (Schw.) DeNot.

On Hickoryuut, Monongalia, INTorgantown {Sheldon).

PLEOSPHAERIA Speg.

P. coRTicoLA E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad., 1894, 332.

Type habitat : On bark of Pimis rigida. Glade Creek,
June 24, 1894 (Nuttall, discov. 1582).

Perithecia scattered, superficial, ovate, 300 to 400 fx diam-
eter, carbonaceo-membranaceous, pilose-strigose, hairs 100
to 200 X 5 to 6 ^ soon opaque, very faintly and sparingly
septate, here and there collected into closely compacted fas-
cicles resembling stout bristles. Ostiolum papilliform, ob-
tuse. Asci oblong-cylindrical, abruptly short-stipitate, 80 to
100 X 20 to 25 fx. Paraphysate? Sporidia crowded, acutely
elliptical, nearly hyaline at first, becoming olive-brown and
5 to 7 septate and muriform, but not constricted.

Comes near P. strigosa Sacc, but perithecia rather smaller,
not depressed, and hairs fasciculate.
P. ■- — sp.

On Tccoma rad icons, Feb. 20, 1894 (Nuttall, 14 14, 385).

WEST \'IRGIXIA GEOLOGICAL SUR\'EY IO3

CUCURBITARIA Gray.
C. Fraxini E. & E.

On Fraxinus Aincricaiia, Apr. 27, 1894 (Nnttall, 1523).
C. ELONGATA (Fr.) Grev.

On Robiiiia Psciidacacia, Jan. 15, 1894 {Xuttall, 1783).

OPHIOBOLUS Riess.
O. PORPHYROGONUS (Tocle) Sacc.

On Vernonia Novchoracensis, Apr. 24, 1895 (Nuttall,

1820, 702).

O. ACUMINATUS (SoW.)

On Zca Mays, Aug. 10, 1895 (Nuttall, 1839, 728).

O. FULGiDus (C. & p.) Sacc.

On Vernonia Noveboracensis, Apr. 24, 1895 {Nuttall,

1821, 703).

CRYPTOSPORA Tul.

C. FEMORALIS (Pcck) SaCC.

On Alnns rugosa, Feb. 25, 1894. Asci 60 to 75 x 12.5
to 15 fi. Spores 50 to 65 x 3.5 fi in middle and enlarging;
to 5 /i, at each end (Nuttall, 1318).
C. ciNCTULA (C. & P.) Sacc?

On Castanca dcntata, Dec. 8, 1893. Asci about 75 x 7.5
/x. Spores 60 to 75 X 4 ju., hyaline, nucleate, curved, often
slightly thickened toward one end (Nuttall, 1296, 245).
C. TRicHOSPORA (C. & P.) Sacc. ?

On Qucfciis sp., Feb., 1894. Spores -{- ^o? jjl (Nuttall.
1450).

HYPOCREACEAE.

HYPOMYCES Fr.
H. ROSELLus (Alb. & Schw.) Tub?

On Hynienocetum on Magnolia Frascri, ]\Iarch 6, 1894
(Nuttalf, 1417, 387).
H. AURANTiu.s (Pers.) Tul.

On Stcrcuui sp. Sept. 3, 1893 (Nuttall, 1198). Short
Creek, alt. 1,800 ft.

CREONECTRTA Seaver.
('. PURPURiiA (L.) Seaver. (Ncctria cinnabarina Fr.).

On Jralia spinosa, Alarch 5, 1894. Asci 75 x 7.5 u.
Spores 20 to 23 X 4 to 5 /x (Nuttall, 1405, 374). On Acer
saccharuui, Monongalia: near Morgantown (Sheldon).

I04 THE WEST X'lRGINIA FLORA

C. cocciNEA (Pers.) Seaver. {Nectria coccinea Fr., ditissiuia
Tul).

On bark of dead Magnolia Fraseri, March, 1894. Asci
65 X 7.5 jtt. Spores 10 to 15 x 3.5 to. 6 ju, {Nuttall, 14/2, 451).

On dead and fallen Robinia Pseudacacia, on Magnolia
Fraseri, Oct. 17, 1893 {Nuttall, 11 15, 162).

NECTRIA Fries.
N, Peziza (Tode) Fries. (A^. vulpina E. & E.).

On bark of dead Ulmus pubesccnsf Oct. 17, 1894. Spores
10 X 5 /i., i-septate, 2-guttnlate {Nuttall, 1216, 164).
N. EPispHAERiA (Tod.) Fr.

On dead fallen twigs, Aug. 15, 1893 {Nuttall, 1175, 143) •
On Fagits, Monongalia: near Morgantown {Sheldon) .

APONECTRIA Sacc.
A. iNAURATA (B. & Br.) Sacc.

On Rhus copallina, Mar. 24, 1894 {Nuttall, 1431). ^licro-
spores 3 X I /x,. Spores 10 to 12.5 x 3 /x.

HYPOCREA Fr.
n. LENTA (Tode) Berk. & Br. {H. Schzvcinitzii Sacc).

On an Oak log. Boone: near Lick Run {Sheldon).
H. PATELLA Cooke & Pcck.

On dead wood, Fayette: near Nuttallburg {Nuttall, y^).
H. ViRGiNiENSis E. & E. Proc. Phila. Acad., 442 (1893).

Type habitat: On leaves of Rhododendron nia.vinium,
Aug. 12, 1893 {Nuttall, discov. 1163).

Epiphyllous, stroma carnose, scattered, sub-hemispherical
or depressed-turbinate, i to 2 mm. diameter, of a yellowish
gray color, subtruncate above and obscurely margined
(when mature). Perithecia buried in the stroma, ovate,
membranaceous, no to 150 /j. diameter. Ostiola hemis-
pherical, prominent, black, broadly perforated and some-
times collapsed. Asci clavate-cylindrical, p. sp. 40 to 45 x 7
to 8 /x, short-stipitate, filiform-paraphysate, 8-spored. Spori-
dia biseriate, oblong-fusoid, yellowish-hyaline, uniseptate,
slightly constricted at the septum, obtusely pointed at the
ends, ID to 12 X 3 to 3.5 ju,.

H. viridans B. & C. seems to differ in its hidden ostiola
(ostiolis latitantibus).
This species is said by Seaver to be a discomycete.
H. tenerrima E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad., 442 (1893).

Type habitat : Incrusting moss, leaves, twigs, living
Gaultheria procmnhens, etc. July, 1893 {Nuttall, discov.
1138, 123).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY IO5

Perithecia gregarious, minute (.16 mm.), clothed (except
the black apex) with a thin white tomentum, seated on a
thin snow-white, tomentose-arachnoid subiculum. Asci cyl-
indrical, 40 X 3 /A, without paraphyses, 8-spored. Sporidia
uniseriate, oblong, obtuse, hyaline, 5 to 6 x 2 ]«, with a single
nucleus in the centre (becoming uniseptate) ?

This is closely allied to H. siihcarnea E. & E., but diiTers
in the color of the subiculum, the black apex of the peri-
thecia, the narrower asci, and rather longer sporidia. Pos-
sibly Neciria Rcxiana Ellis.

PODOSTROMA Karst.
P. ALUTACEUM (Pers.) Atk.

On decaying organic matter on the ground. Seaver,
North Am. Flora, 3 136.

HYPOCREOPSIS Karst.
H. LICHENOIDES (Todc) Scaver. {H. riccioidea Karst.).

On Kaltnia latifolia, alt. 2,000 ft., Aug. 24, 1893. Spores
apparently moniliform [Nuttall, 1178).

GIBBERELLA Sacc.
G. PULicARis (Fries) Sacc. {G. Saubinetii Sacc).

On Asparagus ofllcinalis, Nov. i, 1893 {Nuttall, 124^,
190).

SCOLEONECTRIA Seaver.
S. scoLEOSPERMA (Bref.) Seaver.

On Pinus Strobns, Monongalia: at Morgantown {Shel-
don).

BROOMELLA Sacc.

B. Ravenelii (Berk.) Sacc.

On Acer ruhrum, April 4, 1894 {Nuttall, 1461, 439).

THYRONECTRIA Sacc.

T. DENiGRATA (Wint.) Scavcr. {Pleonectria Wint.).

On Glcditsia triacanthos, Monongalia : near Morgan*

town {SJieldon).

T. MissouRiENSis (E. & E.) Seaver. {Pleonectria E. & E.).

On dead stick, Fayette: near Nuttallburg {Nuttall, 871).

CORDYCEPS Fries.

C. MiLiTARis (Linn.) Link.

In laurel thicket on ground, Aug. 12, 1893, Keeney's
Creek {Nuttall, 1205, 161).

io6 Tin-: WEST Virginia flora

C. PARASITICA (Willd.) Seaver. (C of^hic^ij^lossoidcs Link).

On ground in wet woods, Aug. 24, 1893 (Xiittall, 1172).

DOTHIDEACEAE.

PHYLLACHORA Nits.

P. Graminis (Pers.) Fckl.

On living leaves of Hysfri.v Hystrix, Fayette Co. : near
Nuttallburg (Millspaugh). On Elyniiis Canadensis, Oct. 28,

1893 {NuttaU, 1250, 192).
P. Caricis (Fr.) Sacc. ?

On Korycarpns diandnis, ^larch i, 1894 (immature)
{NuttaU, 1402, 238).

P. POMAGENA Sacc.

Berkeley, on Mains MaJus at Gerrardstown (IVaitc).

DOTHIDELLA Speg.
D Ulmae (Sz.) E. & E.

On Ulmus pnbcsccns, Nov. 5, 1894 (NuttaU, 1749, 629)

PLOWRIGHTIA Sacc.
P. .'MORBOSA (Schw.) Sacc.

On limbs of cultivated Plum and Cherry, Alonongalia
Co., near Morgantown (Millspaugh). On Prnnus scrotina,
Pocahontas: Cranberry Mountain (Sheldon).

M I C R O T H Y R I A C E A E.

MYICOPORON Speg.

M. Smilacis (De Not) Sacc.

On Sniila.v sp. April 12, 1895 (NuttaU, 1807).

LOPHIOSTO M A C E A E.

LOPHIOTREMA Sacc.
L. NucuLA (Fr.) Sacc.

On dead heartwood of Liquldanibar Styracidua, April 20>

1894 (NuttaU, 1479, 459).

LOPHIDIUM Sacc.
L. NiTiDUM E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad., 333 (1894).

Type habitat: On Vitis cult. Feb. 2, 1894 (NuttaU,
discov. 1336, 295).

Perithecia scattered, semi-erumpent, small (200 to 250 n
diameter) black and shining, subhcmispherical, the flattened
base immersed in the bark. Ostiolum compressed, thin,

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY lO/

narrow, sometimes obsolete. Asci cylindrical, short (8 to
lo fji), stipitate, about loo x lo to 12 /x, paraphysate, 8-
spored. Sporidia uniseriate, oblong-elliptical, yellow-brown,
5 to 7-septate with a longitudinal septum running through
two or more cells, 19 to 22 x 8 to 10 /x, ends mostly rotuided
and obtuse, not at all or only slightly constricted in the
middle.
L. COMPRESSUM (Pers.) Sacc.

On Sali.r nigra falcata, April 23, 1894. Asci 70 to lOO
X 13 fi. Spores 25 to 30 x 8 to 10 ^ (Xiitfall, 1481, 461).

H E L V E L L A C E A E.

MORCHELLA Dill.
M. ESCULENTA (Linn.) Pers.

Along an old road among grasses and leaves under an
oak. April 18, 1893 {^^^ttall, 897). {Sheldon, 2308, 2842,
3229).

M. ANGUSTICEPS Pcck.

On ground. Short Creek, April 18, 1893. Spores 25 to
28 X 15 ;a (Nnttall, 895).
M. sp.

On ground. Short Creek. 5 cm. high, with smooth spores
28 X 17 fjL, April 18, 1893 ( Nuttoll,' Sg6).

GYROMITRA Fr.
G. cuRTiPES Fr.

On ground below cliffs. Short Creek. Asci, fertile part
50 X 16 to 18 IX. Total length 350 /a. Spores 22 to 30 x
10 IX, 2-nucleate (Xiiftall, 1813).

HELA'ELLA Linn.
H. MACROPUS (Pers.) Karst?

On ground in woods at base of cliff's, July 15, 1893
(Nnttall, 1097).
H. CRisPA (Scop.) Fries.
(Sheldon, 2098).

^IITRULA Fr.
M. PHALLoiDES (Bull.) Chev.

In water on leaves of Ouercus Priiins, etc., spores to 20
X 3 /x. Alasterson's Glade, June 11, 1893 (Nnttall, 935).
On decaying leaves in a gutter (Sheldon, 2923).

'M. LUTESCENS B. & C.

On ground and on dead logs in deep woods, alt. 2,000
ft. (Nnttall, 1024).

I08 THE WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

SPATHULARIA Pers.
S. CLAVATA (Schsef.) Sacc. ?

In woods among dead leaves, stipe dark brown, spores
short 25 fx, July 10, 1893 {Nuttall, 1087).
S. VELUTIPES C. & F.

Among mosses on a decaying log {Sheldon, 3437).

VIBRISSEA Fr.
V. TRUNCORUM (A. & S.) Fr.

On wet dead sticks, alt. 1,800 ft., June 15, 1893 {NuttalL
991). On wood in running water {Sheldon, 2986, 2922).

PEZIZACEAE.

RHIZINA Fr.
R. iNFLATA (Schaef.) Quel.

On sandstone rock in sandy loam. Blackish-brown,
spreading, 2 to 9 cm. x i to 3 cm., convex, loosely attached
to the soil by strong rootlets from all parts of the underside,
margin strongly rolled inward. Asci 375? to 415 x 12.5 ix,
spores hyaline, apiculate, large, 40 x 10 jx. Keeney's Creek,
Nov. 3, 1893 (Nuttall, 1224).

GEOPYXIS Pers.
G. NEBULOSA Cooke.

On dead wet wood at low and high altitudes, Aug. 10,
1893 (Nuttall, 1177). On a decaying log (Sheldon, 2453,
2455> 3425, 3467)-

G. CARBONARIA A. & S.

On ground upon which logs had been burned the previ-
ous autumn, April 18, 1893 (Nuttall, 908).
G. cupuLARis Linn.

(Sheldon, 3469).

PEZIZA Dill.
P. AURANTiA Pers.

On wet and freshly crushed sandstone ballast, and on
filling of sandstone cut on railroad. Spores curiously rough
and apiculate at both ends. Nov. 3, 1893 (Nuttall, 1225).
On soil (Sheldon, 1239, 3239).
P. BADiA Pers.

On ground. Short Creek, April 18, 1893 (Nuttall, 922).
P. REPANDA Wahl.

On earth and decaying wood (Sheldon, 3519, 2909, 2844).
P, VESICULOSA Bull.

On earth in a greenhouse (Sheldon, 31 17).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY lOf)

OTIDEA Pers.

O. ONOTICA OCHRACEA Fr.

On ground and on rotten Tsuga Canadensis, July 14,
1893. Asci 175 X 10 ju, total length, spores 11 to 13 x 7.5 ix,
nuclei 2 (Nuttall, 1098).

HUMARIA Fr.

H. ECHINOSPERMA Pcck.

In soil of ditch, July 20, 1894 {Nuttall, 1630).
H. CESTRICA E. & E.

On earth {Sheldon, 3104).
H. Gerardii Qce.

On earth in woods {Sheldon, 3468).

H. AVANEOSA Bull. ?

On wood ashes {Sheldon, 2945).

SARCOSCYPHA Fr.

S. OCCIDENTALIS (L. & S.) Boud.

On various dead twigs and on soil {Sheldon, 1419, 2987,
3250, 3013).
S. rufum (L. & S.) Rehm.

On wood {Sheldon, 646).
S. cocciNEA Jacq.

On sticks, on ground in damp shady place, March 20,
1893 {Nuttall, 852). On decaying wood (Sheldon, 2789,
2831).
S. FLoccosA Schw.

On a stick in a laurel thicket, alt. 2,000 ft., Julv 12, 1893
{Nuttall, 1 1 12).

CIBORIA Fuckel.
C. jUGLANDis Preuss?

On hickory shucks {Sheldon, 3016).

PLICARIELLA Sacc.
P. MiNiATA (Crouan) Lindau.

On earth (Sheldon, 2796").
P. scABROSA (Sacc). (Phaeopeziza Sacc).

On decaying log (Sheldon, 2459).

LACHNEA Fr.
L. pcuTELLATA, Linn.

On rotting log Fagus atropunieea and under hark of wet
log Ouereus alba, ]\Ionongalia Co., near Aloreantown
{Millspaugh'). On rotten wood in old drift of mine, and
on bare sandy ground among pebbles. Short Creek, May

no THE WEST \IKGIN1A FLORA

11-17, 1893 (Niittall, 936). On decaying- wood, leaves, etc.
{Sheldon, 557, 1556, 2061, 1042, 3364, 2888, 2449, 2887,
3371, 2930, 1413).

L. UMBRARUM Fr.

On open bare sandy soil, Short Creek, Alay, 1893 (-V////-
all, 1 107).
L. JiiRTA Schum.

On floor of cave, July 25, 1893 (Nitttall, 1127).
L. viTELLiNA Pers.

On dead log. Asci 235 x 15 fx, Short Creek, July 2,
1893 {Nuttall, 1114). ^

L. ERiNACEA (L. & S.) Sacc.

On underside of log- Qncrcus alba, ^Monongalia Co., near
jMorgantown { Mills part gli ) . On decaying logs {Sheldon,
2060, 3187, 3399, 3401).

SCLEROTINIA Fuckel.
S. FRUCTiGENA Rehm.

Monongalia: near Morgantown, on a fallen Peach {Shct
don, 2832). Conidial stage on Plum, Peach, Raspberry and
Apple {Sheldon).
S. TUBEROSA (Hedw.) Fckl.

On earth (Sheldon, 3179).
S. TRiFOLTORUM Eriks.

On ground in open woods, May 18, 1893 {Niittall, 960).

GEOGLOSSUM Pers.
G. GLABRUM Pers.

On soil {Sheldon, 2454).

GORGONICEPS Karst.
G. GuERNisAci Sacc.

On deca}'ing wood (Slicklon, 2866).

HELOTIUM Fr.
H. LACTEUM E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad., 145 (1893).

On bare log, Dec. 16, 1893. Pure white, stipitate, plane
.4 to .6 mm. asci clavate 95 to no x 7.5 /jl. Spores curved
16 to 25 X 3 to 4 fx, nuclei 4, paraphyses slender. Short
Creek near the falls {Nuttall, 1318).
H. HERBARUM (Pers.) Fr.

On Polymnia Uvcdalia, Nov. 15, 1894. Cups 6 to 12 mm.
diameter, stipes i to 2 mm. long. Asci 55 to 75 x 7.5 to
10 fi. Spores 12 to 15 x 2.5 fx {Nuttall, 1755).

H. CONFLUENS Schw.

On dead logs, alt. 1,800 ft. Oct. 20, 1893 {Nuttall, 1213).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY III

H. citrinu:m (Hedw.) Fr.

On wet dead log. Short Creek, alt. i,8oo ft. Sept. 12,
1893 {N lit tall, 1201).

H. CASTANEUM SaCC.

On leaves of Rhododendron niaxhnimi. Short Creek, alt.
1,800 ft. Sept. 12, 1893 {XiittaU, 1206).
H. EPHiPHYLLUM (Pers.) Fr.

On decaying leaves, twigs, etc. (Sheldon, 3428).
H. PHYLLOPHiLUM Desm.

On decaying leaves (She/don, 3363).
H. FRUCTiGENUM Rehm.

On dead wood, leaves, chestnut bur and acorn (Sheldon,
3470).

H. FRATERNUM Peck.

(Sheldon, 3377).

PHIALEA Fr.
P. scuTULA (Pers.) Gill.

On decaying herbaceous stems (SJieldon, 3514).

P. CYATHOIDES (Bull.) Gill.

(Sheldon, 3544).
P. viRGULTORUM (Vahl.) Sacc.

On old grape twigs on wet ground, x^sci 105 x 7.5 1.1.
Spores 18 X 4 ix. Nov. i, 1894 (Xnttall, 1735). (Sheldon,
1080).

PSEUDOHELOTIU^I Fckl.

P. FIBRISEDUM (B. & C. ) SaCC.

On wet dead wood of Juglans cinerea, Dec. 5, 1894. Alore
than 2 mm. diameter, margin ciliate, red-maculate ; asci
oblong short-stipitate, total length 65 x 7.5 fi (approx.),
paraphyses filiform. Spores hyaline i-septate ( ?) oblong,
straight or slightly curved, 12 to 18 x 3 ;u, (Nuttall, 1764).

CYATHICULA De Not.

C. ouisouiLiARis E. & E.. Proc. Phila. Acad.. 451 (1893).

Type habitat : On dead racemes of Quercus Prinus, on
dead leaves, on rock in woods, April 2, 1893 (Nuttall, discov.
941). _ _

Gregarious, sessile, i to 1.5 mm. diameter, cup-shaped,
disk pale with a tinge of brick color when dry. dull, dirty-
white and purpuraceo-squamulose outside, margin distinctly
cleft-toothed and incurved when dr}'. Asci cylindrical, sub-
sessile, 55 to 65 X 6 to 7 ju.. with filiform paraphyses scarcely
thickened above. Sporidia uniseriate, or sub-biseriate above,
elliptical, hyaline, continuous, 6 to 8 x 3 to 4 /^.

112 THE WEST VIRGIXIA FLORA

CHLOROSPLENIUM Fr.
C. AERUGiNOSUM (Oeder) De N.

On loose core inside dead tree, Nov. 6, 1893. Disk more
brilliant tlian margin in light and when young, in shadow
varying to pure white. Asci over 105 x 7.5 fi total length,
spores guttate 12.5 x 3 /x {Nuttall, 1235). On decaying log
{Sheldon, 2063).
C. VERSiFORME (Pers.) Karst.

On rotten mossy log. Short Creek, Oct. 28, 1893 (Nxittalh
1238). On decaying log (Sheldon, 3045).

C. SCHWEINITZII Fr.

Top of oak log, Dec. 10, 1893. Yellow in spring, green
in autumn and winter (Nuttall, 1276).

MOLLISIA Fr. " .

M. Dehnii (Rabenh.) Karst.

On Potentilla Monspeliensis, July 21, 1894 (Nnttall, 1618).
M. FiNASTRi (C. & P.) vSacc.

On Pinus Virginiana, Dec. 3, 1894 (Nnttall, 1763).
M. ciNEREA (P)atsch.) Karst.

Pezisa cinerea Batsch. On decayed log, Monongalia Co.,
near Morgantown (Millspaugh). On a decaying Black Wal-
nut log (Sheldon, 3369).

PYRENOPEZIZA Fuckel.

P. LACERATA (C. & P.) SaCC.

On Ruhns odoratus, May 31, 1894. Asci 45 to 50 x 5 to
6 fi. Spores 8 to 12.5 x 2 to 2.5 ix (Nuttall, 1529). On
Rnhns odoratus (Sheldon, 549).

PSEUDOPEZTZA Fuckel.
P. Trifolii (Biv. & Bernh.) Fckl.

On Trifoliuin pratense (Sheldon, 1596).

P. Medicaginis (Lib.) Sacc.

On Medicago sativa (Sheldon, 1605).

TAPESTA Pers.
T, SANGUiNEA (Pers.) Fckl.

On dead log, and on Magnolia Fraseri and Juglans cinerea,
June 10, 1894 (Nuttall, 1546).
T. FUSCA (Pers.) Fckl.

On rotten burned log Tstiga Canadensis; on dead rotting
log Juglans cinera, alt. 1,300 ft. Asci 45 to 92 x 495 }i
Spores 8 to 10 X 2 /x. Short Creek, Feb. 2, 1894 (Nuttall,
1365)-

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY II3

T. suBicuLATA (Schw.) Sacc.

On wet sticks, June 15 and Oct. 25, 1893. Spores large.
10 X 3 /;i (Nuttall, 992).

LACHNELLA Fr.

L. ViRGiNiCA E. & E., Proc. Phila, Acad. 349 (1894).

Type habitat : On decaying wood of Magnolia Fraseri,
Feb., 1894 (Nuttall, discov. 1410, 380).

Gregarious, sessile, .75 to 1.2 mm. diameter. Disk pallid,
concave, nearly closed when dry, margin fringed with brown
septate hairs, 100 to 125 x 3 /x, outside clothed with shorter
reddish-brown hairs. Asci about 50 x 5 jn, clavate-syhndrical,
short stipitate, paraphysate, 8-spored. Sporidia sub-biseriate,
oblong, 6 to 8 X 1.5 to 2.5 jx.

TRICHOPEZIZA Fuckel.

T. sp.

Torn end of firm dead tree, Short Creek, alt. 1,800 ft. Dec.
16, 1893 (Nuttall, 1326).
T. albo-lutea (Pers.) Sacc?

On rotten log. Short Creek, June 18, 1893, stipitate
(Nuttall, 1013)."
T. capitata (Peck.) Sacc.

On leaves Oncrcns pahistris on ground in woods, alt. 2,000
ft., June 18, 1893. At Rupert's, July 26, 1894 (Nuttall,

lOIl).

DASYSCYPHA Fr.
D. virginea (Batsch) Fckl.

On dead sticks on wet cliff, and on wet dead wood of
Juglans cinerea, June 12, 1893 (Nuttall, 841).
D. LUTEOLA (Cun.) Sacc.

On a stick (Hartley, 2974).
D. Ellisiana (Rehm.) Sacc.

On Pinus rigida, top of Cavendish cliff, April 8, 1894
(Nuttall, 1447).

HELOTIELLA Sacc.
H. Nuttallii E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad., 351 (1894).

Type habitat : On wet shady side of rotten log, March
15, 1894 (Nuttall, discov. 1425, 397).

Ascomata gregarious, sessile, flat-hemispherical, .5 to i
mm. diameter, cup-shaped when fresh, contracted and sub-
spherical when dry with only a small round apical opening,
orange color throughout, disk watery-orange, outside and
fringed margin paler. Substance fibrous, the fibers prolonged

114 Till-: WRST NIRCIMA FLORA

above so as to make a marginal fringe of pale yellow, rongh-
ish straight hairs. Asci clavate-cylinclrical. sessile, curved,
50 to 60 X 5 to 6 fji. Paraphyses filiform, hardly thickened
above, with a series of orange-colored, globose nuclei. Spo-
ridia biseriate, oblong, hyaline, obtuse, uniseptate, but not
constricted, 8 to 10 x 2.5 to 3 /x. The outside of the asco-
mata is slightly hairy so that the species might be referred
to Solcnpccica if that is really worthy of generic distinction.

DERMATELLA Karst.

D. viTicoLA E. & E., Proc. Phil. Acad., 352 (1894).

• Type habitat: On dead shoots of Vitis (cult.) Nov. 1893
{Nuttall, discov. 1337, 295).

Sessile, convex-discoid and pale when moist, concave and
flesh-color when dry, and then scarcely projecting above the
surface of the bark. .50 to .75 mm. diameter. Asci clavate-
cylindrical, about 70 x 12 11, with filiform paraphyses, 8-
spored, sub-sessile. Sporidia sub-biseriate, oblong elliptical,
hyaline, i to 3-septate (3 to 4-nucleate at first). 15 to 18 x 6
to 6.5 IX.

BELONIDIUM Mont.
B. AURELiA (Pers.) DeNot.

Pcziza aiircJia, Pers. On a dead leaf in rotton log. Monon-
galia Co.. at Little Falls {Millspau^h).

ERINELLA Sacc.

E. MiNiopsis (Ell.) Sacc.

On wet rotten wood. May, 1893 {Nuttall, 934).

E. sp.

On Acer spicatuin (Sheldon, 2560).

ASCOBOLACEAE.

ASCOBOLUS, Pers.

A. FURFURACEUS PcrS.

On old dung of cow, June 8, 1893 (Nuttall, 974).
A. CARBONARius Karst.

On bare spots where logs were burned by forest fire the
previous winter, associated with Gcopyxis carhonaria. It
appears that only the prolonged burning of large logs makes
proper habitat for this species, as it does not grow where
the fire was light. May 20. 1893 (Nuttall, 926).

ASCOPHANUS Bond.

A. GRANULIFORMTS (Cv.) Boud. ?

On dung of cow. Dec, 1893 (Nuttall, 1340, 298).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY II5

A. CARNEUS (Pers.) Boud.

On dung of cow, Oct. lo, 1893 {Nitttall, 1249, 182).

DERIMATEACEAE.

URNULA Fr.
U. CRATERiuM (Schw.) Fr.

On dead twigs on ground, Short Creek, April 15, 1893
(Niittall, 898). On soil (Sheldon 70), and on dead Oak
branch lying on the ground in a wood (McCiitcheon, 3205).

DERMATEA Fr.
D. Ruci (Lib.) Rehm.

On Amelanchier Canadensis (F. E. Brooks, 944).
D. Chionanthi E. & E. ?

Macrostylospores of this species? on Chioiiaiithits Vir-
ginica, Alarch 25, 1894 (Nutfall, 1454, 426).
D. LOBATA Ellis.

On the maculae of Pestaioszia Giiepinii on leaves of Rho-
dodendron maxiniuni. Asci 130 x 12.5 fi spores 15 x 8 //.
Aug. 15, 1895 {Niittall, 1162, 132).

TYMPANIS Tode.
T. OxYDENDRi E. & E., Proc. Phila. Acad., 352 (1894).

Type habitat : On dead limbs of Oxydendron arboreum,
Dec. 12, 1893 (Niittall discov., 1296, 258).

Cespitose, 3 to 5 together, erumpent, at length deciduous,
black .5 to .75 mm. diameter, contracted below into a short
thick stipe, margin subundulate. Asci cylindrical no to
130 X 15 to 18 /i. including the short stipe. Paraphyses slen-
der, abundant, Sporidia numerous, minute, oblong, hyaline
or yellowish 2.5 to 3 x i fi. Allied to T. fasciculata, but asci
larger and sporidia smaller.
T. coNSPERSA Fries.

On Apple trees (Sheldon, 85, 511, 909).

CENANGELLA Sacc.
C. AcERis (Hazsl.) Sacc.

On bark of dying Acer nibrnni, June 10. 1894. Sporidia
15 x6/x (A^H^fa//, 1554).

SCLERODERRIS Fr.
S, RiTABARBARiNA (Bcrk.) E. & E.

On Rubns Baileyaniis, Dec. 8. 1893, Short Creek. Asci
total length 63 to 75 x 17 to 21 /x, 8-spored. clavate, very

Il6 THE WKSr \1RGIN1A FLORA

short stipitate. Spores 20 to 27 x 6 to 7.5 /x, nucleate, be-
coming- clearly 3-septate and rather one-sided {Nuttall,
1294, 242).
S. PALLiDULA (Cooke) Sacc.

On dead branches and bark of Acer saccharimun, L., Feb.
26, 1894. On Oxydendron arbor eum. Sporidia 20 to 22 x
7 |U (Nuttall, 1408, 665).

B U L G A R I A C E AE.

LEOTIA Hill.
L. i.uBRicA (Scop.) Pers.

On ground, alt. 1,800 ft., Short Creek, Aug. 14, 1893
(Nuttall, 1 150). On earth (Sheldon, 3049, 3462, 3463).

ORBILIA Fr.
O. RUBELLA (Pers.)

On decorticated log, Liriodeiidrnn Tulif^ifera, Sept. 19,
1895 (Nuttall, 1858,748).
O. \iNosA (A. & S.) Karst.

On Poria spissa, Nov. 6, 1893 (Nuttall, 1261).
O. LUTEO-RUBELLA (Nyl.) Karst.

On decaying wood {Sheldon, 3047).
O. OCCULTA (Rehm) Sacc.

On dead log, Aug. 20, 1893 (Nuttall, 1202).
O. cocciNELLA (Somm.) Karst.

On dead log Juglans cinerea, Short Creek, July 25, 1893
(Nuttall, 1 1 34, 663).
O. Xanthostigma Fr.

On decorticated limbs Magnolia Fraseri, Sept. 1895 (Nutt-
all, 1855, 742, 743).

BULGARIA Fr.

B. INOUINANS (Pers.) Fr.

In clefts of bark of trees and railroad ties, Oct. 10, 1893
(Nuttall, 1210).

SARCOSMA Gasp.
S. RUFUM (L. & S.) Rehm.

On dead Beech branches in woods (Sheldon, 3279).

CORYNE Tul.

C. URNALis (Nyl.) Sacc.

On rotting log Fagus atropunicea; under bark of Qiiercus
alba log, Monongalia Co., near Morgantown ( Millspaugh).
On wet mossy logs, alt. 1,800 ft. and over, Oct. 10, 1893
(Nuttall, 1 2 12, 167).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY II7

C. SARCOiDES (Jacq.) Tul.

On decaying log {Sheldon, 14 14, 3186, 3189).

HOLWAYA Sacc.

H. oPHiOBOLus (Ellis) Sacc.

On bark of dead Magnolia Fraseri, alt. 1,800 ft., Dec. 16,
1893, Short Creek (Nnttall, 1323, 279).

S T I C T A C E AE .

PROPOLIS Fr.
P. FAGiNEA (Schrad.) Karst.

On Juglans cinerea and on old board of Liriodendron
Tulipifera, Dec. 5, 1894 {Nuttall, 1765, 660). On Liquid-
amber StyraciUua.
P. Leonis (Tul.) Rehm.

On bark of Pinus rigida and Virgiiiiana, June 31, 1894
(Nnttall, 1 581).

STICTIS Pers.

S. FIMBRIATA ScllW.

On strobiles of Finns Virgiiiiana, alt. 2,000 ft., March,
1894 (Nnttall, 1468, 443). Sporidia 5 to 7 x 1.5 ju,.

PHACIDIACEAE.

RHYTISMA (Pers.) Fr.
R. PUNCTATUM (Pers.) Fr.

On leaves of Acer Fennsyh'anicnm, alt. 2,000 ft., Oct.
22, 1893 (Nnttall, 1217, 168). On Acer spicatnm, Ran-
dolph: near Cheat Bridge (Sheldon).
R. UECOLORANS Fr.

On Xolisnia lignstrina, at Rupert's, July 26, 1894 (Nuttall,

1638, 569).
R. ACERiNUM (Pers.) Fries.

On Acer rnhrum, Preston : near Rohr, and Randolph : near
Cheat Bridge; on Acer saccharum, Monongalia: near Mor-
gantown (Sheldon).
R. Prini Schwein.

On leaves of Ilex verticillata, at Rupert's, Sept. 7, 1894
(Nuttall, i6yy).

PATELLARIACEAE.
DURELLA Tul.

D. COMMUTATA Fckl.

On dead log. Short Creek, Dec. 16, 1893 (Nuttall, 1328)

Il8 THE WEST \IRGIx\lA FLORA

LECANIDION Rabenh.
L. ATRATUM (Hedw.) Rabenh.

On Aralia spinosa, Feb. 17, 1894. Sporidia 50 x 12.5 ix
{Nnttall, 1390, 359).
L. Hamamelidis (Peck) Sacc.

On bark of H amamelis Virghiica. Sporidia i to 3-septate
when mature. Dec. 18, 1894 {Nuttall, i'/'/2).

G Y M N O A S C A C E AE .

EXOASCUS Fckl.
E. DEFORATANS (Berk.) Fckl.

Taphrina deformans Tul. On leaves of Ainygdalns Per-
sica, Jefferson Co., near Charlestown (Millspaugh).
E. Pruni Fckl.

Taphrina Pruni Tuj. On fruits of Priiiitis douiestica,
Monongalia Co., at Morgantown {Mills paugJi).

HYSTERIACEAE.
GLOxNIUM Muehl.

G. STELLATUM Muchl.

On rotten oak plank, and on Sassafras Sassafras, July 28,
1893 {Ktittall 1 128). On wood fence, Dellslow ; on Juglans
nigra, Preston, near Albright {Sheldon) .
G. PARVULUM (Ger.) Sacc.

On fence rails Castanea dentata, April 20, 1894 {Nnttall,
1496).
G. siMULANS Ger.

On old fence rails, alt. 2.000 ft., ]\Iarch 16, 1894. Asci
75 X 7.5 to 10 II. Spores 13 to 18 x 5 /x. On Junglans
cinerea, asci 65 x 10 ju,; spores 12 to 15 x 4 to 5 /^ {Nnttall.

1415)-

HYSTERIUM Tod.
H. Kalmiae Schw.?

On dead Kalinia latifolia, Nov., 1893 {Nuttall, 1287, 232).

HYSTEROGRAPHIUM Corda.
H. iNsiDENS (Schw.) Sacc.

On old fence rails, April 6, 1894. Largest spores 43 x 7.5
/-t, ii-septate {Nuttall, 1452).
H. suBRUGOSUM (C. & E.) Sacc.

On old fence rails. May 26, 1894. Spores 33 to 35 x 12.5
fi {Nuttall, 1522).
ri. MoRT (Schw.) Rehm.

On old fence rails, April 6. 1894 (Nuttall, 1451).

WEST \-lRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SUR\'EY IIQ

HYPODERMA DC.
H. Desmazieri DuBy.

On living leaves of Piiiiis echinata. Wood Co., near
Lockhart's Run (MiUspatcgh).

H. VIRGULTORUM DC.

On Riibiis Bailcyattus, Dec. 5, 1893 (Nitttall, 1293).
H. COMMUNE (Fr.) Duby.

On Hydrangea arborcscens, Nov. 3, 1893 (Nuttall, 1259)
On old petioles Aralia spinosa (Nuttall, 1830, 719).

LOPHODERMIUM Chev.
L. Rhododendri (Schw.)

On Rhododendron maximum, Sept. 4, 1893 (Nuttall.
1192). Boone: near Lick Run (Sheldon.)
L. PiNASTRi (Schrad.) Chev.

On leaves of Piniis rigida, Short Creek, Aug. 2, 1893
(Nuttall, 1 1 58).
L. culmigenum (Fr.) Karst.

On straw brought in from Ohio, May 24, 1894. Measure-
ments of asci and spores prove to be the same as those of
L. arundinaceum (Schrad.) Chev. (Nuttall, 1496).

OSTROPA Fr.
O. ciNEREA (Pers.) Fr. ?

Issuing from cracks in a decorticated log, May 31, 1894
(Nuttall, 1526).

A G A R I C A C E AE .
AMANITA Pers.

A. VERNA Fr.

On ground in open woods, July 11, 1893. Spores round,
7.5 iu (Nuttall, 964).
A. MuscARiA Linn.

Rooted on buried limb of Betula Icnta, Grant Co., near
Bayard ( MiUspaugh ) .

An ecarunculate form, apparently of this species, on leaf
mold in deep woods, same locality.

A. MUSCARIA ALBA Peck.

On ground in laurel thicket. Short Creek, alt. 2,000 ft.
Has the odor of buttermilk. Spores 9 x 6 /x (Nuttall, 1131).
A. FLAvo-RUBENS Berk.

On ground in woods, Short Creek, lulv 6, 1893 (Nuttall,
1078).^
A. polypyra:mis B. & C.

Among bushes, alt. 2,400 ft., July 6, 1893. Largest stipes

I20 THE WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

15 cm. long, thick, heavy and deep in ground. Pileus 15
cm. broad. Spores 10 x 6 ;u, (N it t tall, iioi).
A. Caesarea Scop.

Preston: common near Brookside (Bcardslee).

A. PHALLOIDES Fr.

Preston: near Brookside (Bcardslee).
A. Frostii Peck.

Preston: near Brookside (Bcardslee).

A. VERNA Bulk

Preston: very common near Brookside (Bcardslee).

A. STROBILIFORMIS Vitt.

Preston: near Brookside (Bcardslee).

A. SOLITARIA Bull

Preston : near Brookside. Specimens and photographs
secured illustrate both this and the preceding species as they
are understood in the United States. They are listed here
in spite of the fact that their status is unsatisfactory. Most
of our A. solitaria is referred, by European Mycologists, to
A. echinocephala Vitt. — Bcardslee.
A. VlTTADINI Fr.

Preston : near Brookside. I believe this simply a w^ell
marked form of A. echinocephala Vitt. My specimens and
photographs have been carefully verified and show the
species, such as it is, to be certainly West Virginian. — ■
Bcardslee.

A. RUBESCENS Pcrs.

Preston: near Brookside (Bcardslee).
A. SPRETA Peck.

Preston: near Brookside. A. cinerea Bres. is identical
with this although our plants much exceed the limits set by
Bresadola. It is extremely variable, a pure white form being
especially noteworthy.
A. SPRETA PARVA Bcardslec. var. nov.

Pileus I to 1.5 in. broad, thin, almost membraneous, deeply
sulcate-striate. Stipe slender, about 2 in. tall. Annulus me-
dian. Spores, color and volva as in A. spreta.

An interesting form, found growing in colonies, in gravel
high up on the mountain near Brookside, Preston Coimty.
Both Peck and Bresadola are inclined to consider it a dis-
tinct species.

LEPIOTA (P. Browne) S. F. Gray.

L. PROCERA Scop.

Preston: near Brookside (Bcardslee).
L. NAUCINA Fr.

Preston: near Brookside (Bcardslee).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 121

L. Americana Peck.

Preston: near Brookside {Bcardslee) .
L. cristata (Bolt.) Quel

Preston: near Brookside (Beardslce).
L. AcuTisouAMOSA Weini.

Preston: near Brookside {Bcardslee).

L. CLYPEOLARIA BuU.

Preston: near Brookside {Bcardslee).

L. METULAESPORA B. & Br.

Preston: near Brookside {Bcardslee).

L. AMIANTHINA Scop.

Preston: near Brookside {Bcardslee) .

POLYMYCES Batt.
P. ciNEREUs Batt {Agarictis melleus Vahl.)

ArmiUaria mellea Quel Preston : near Brookside {Bcards-
lee).

AMANITOPSIS Roze.
A. NIVALIS (Grev.) Sacc.

In loam on rocks in laurel tangle, June 26, 1893 {Nuttall.
1004).

A. STRANGULATA Fr.

Preston: near Brookside {Bcardslee).

VAGINATA (Nees) S. F. Gray.
V. Vaginata (Bull.) Merrill.

Preston: near Brookside {Bcardslee).

AMANITELLA Earle.

A. FARiNOSA (Schw.) Earle. {Amanita farinosa Schw.)

Preston; near Brookside {Bcardslee).

TRICHOLOMA Fr.

T. FUMOSO-LUTEUM Pcck ?

On unknown substance, June 15, 1893, Short Creek
{Nuttall, 990).
T. AURANTiA Schaeff.

Preston : near Brookside. This is certainly T. Peckii
Howe. Our plant does not agree rigidly with the description
but it corresponds exactly with the plant as it grows in
Sweden, where I have collected it. — Bcardslee.
T. GRAVE Peck.

Preston: near Brookside {Bcardslee).

MONOMYCES Batt.

M. RUTiLENS (Shaeff.) Batt. {TricJioloma rutilens Schaeff.)
Preston: near Brookside {Bcardslee).

122 . THE WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

CLITOCYBE Fr.
C. iLLUDENS Schwein.

On old stumps in clusters of about eip;ht, dark and deep
rich orange color throughout, -|- 20 cm. x -{- 12 cm. broad
stipe + 25 mm. thick. Spores -{- 6 jj. diameter, uneven.
July 14, 1893 {Nuttall, 1093).

C. LACCATA Scop.

Common in wet sand, bank of Short Creek, alt. 2,000 ft..
Jul}- 28, 1893. Spores 10 /x diameter, echinate (Nuttall,
1 124).
C. NEBULARis Batsch.

Preston: near Brookside {Beanislee).

C. ODORA Bull.

Preston: near Brookside (Bcardslee).
C. CERUSSATA Fries.

Preston: near Brookside (Bcardslee).
C. c.\NDic;vNS Pers.

Preston: near Brookside (Bcardslee).

C. DEALBATA Sow.

Preston: near Brookside (Bcardslee).

C. INFUNDIBULIFORMIS Schacff.

Preston: near Brookside (Bcardslee).
C. cvAiHiFORMis Frics.

Preston: near Brookside (Bcardslee).

COLLYBIA Fr.

C. PLATYPHYLLA Fr.

On mold and moss on trunk of tree, Short Creek, June
15, 1893 (Nuttall, 981).

C. CONIGENOIDES ElHs.

On last year's cones Ma^^iiolia Frascri, Sept. 18, 1895
(Nuttall, 1848).

C. DRYOPHILA Bull.

In moss on log in deep woods. Grant Co., near Bayard
(Millspaugh).

C. MACULATA A. & S.

Preston: near Brookside (Bcardslee).

C. BUTYRACEA Bull.

Preston: near Brookside (Bcardslee) .

C. CONFLUENS PcrS.

Preston: near Brookside (Bcardslee).
C. ciRRHATA Schum.

Preston: near Brookside {Bcardslee).

CRINIPELLUS Pat.
C. STiPiTARiA (Fries.) Pat. (CoUybia stipitaria Fr.).

Preston: near Brookside (Bcardslee).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY I23

COLLYBIDIUM Earle.

C. \ELUTiPES (Curt.) Earle. (Collybia vehitipes Cnrt.)

About roots of rotting stumps, Jan. 31, 1895 {Nuttall,
830). Preston: near Brookside {Beardslee) .

GYMNOPUS Rouss.
G. RADicATA (Relh.) Rouss. {Collybia radicata Relh.).

On leaf mold in rich woods, Monongalia Co., near Mor-
gantown (Millspaugh). May 17, 1893 (Nuttall, gSo). Pres-
ton: near Brookside (Beardslee).

MYCENA Fr.

M. ~sp.

White. On mossy stump, July 4, 1893 (Nuttall, 1019).

M. GALERICULATA Scop.

In rich woods under oak twig, and oak bark on log,
Monongalia Co., near Morgantown (Millspaugh). On damp
dead logs. May 7, 1893 (Nuttall, 930).

M. EPIPTERYGIA Scop.

On moss-covered log and in clefts of bark, Feb. 28, 1893
(Nuttall, 948).

M. RUBRO-MARGINATA FricS.

Preston: on Hemlock cones near Brookside (Beardslee).
M. PURA Pers.

Preston: near Brookside (Beardslee).
M. FILOPES Bull.

Preston: near Brookside (Beardslee).
M. HAEMATOPA Pers.

Preston: near Brookside (Beardslee).
M. GALOPA Pers.

Preston: near Brookside (Beardslee).
M. VULGARIS Pers.

Preston: near Brookside (Beardslee).
M. TENERRiMA Berk.

Preston: near Brookside (Beardslee).
M. coRTicoLA Schum.

Preston: near Brookside (Beardslee).

O^IPHALIA Fr.

O. CAMPANELLA Batsch.

Oh leaf mold at base of Castanca dentata, Preston Co.,
near Terra Alta (Millspaugh). On rotten log in thicket,
June 18, 1893 (Nuttall, 1009).
O. CHR^soPHYLLA Fries.

Preston: near Brookside (Beardslee).
O. STELLATA Fries.

Preston: near Brookside (Beardslee).

124 TIl^ \VF,ST VIRGINIA FLORA

O. FIBULA Fries.

Preston: near Brookside (Beardslee).

PLEUROTUS Fr.

P. CORTICATUS Fr. ?

On fallen ^-Iccr sp. Gills not anastomosing, July 28, 1893
(N lit tall, 1 1 23).
P. SAPiDus Kalchbr.

On dead log, Feb. 2, 1893 {Nuttall, 850).
P. SEROTINUS Schrad.

On dead trunks, Nov. 20, 1893 {Nuttall, 1267).
P. CYPHELLiFORMis Berk.

On dead stems of Polymnia Uvedalia, Nov. 15, 1894
{Nuttall, 1742).
P. NIGER Fr.

. On bark of dead tree, May 13, 1893 {Nuttall, 953).
P. PETALOiDES Fries.

Preston: near Brookside {Beardslee).

HYGROPHORUS Fr.

H. NITIDUS B. & C.

On decayed log. May 14, 1893 {Nuttall, 968).
H. PRATENSis Fries.

Preston: near Brookside {Beardslee).
H. viRGiNEUs Fries.

Preston: near Brookside (Beardslee).
H. LAETUS Fries.

Preston: near Brookside {Beardslee).
H. CERACEUS Fries.

Preston: near Brookside {Beardslee).
H. cocciNEUs Fries.

Preston: near Brookside {Beardslee).
H. MiNiATUs Fries.

Preston: near Brookside {Beardslee).
H. coNicus Fries.

Preston: near Brookside {Beardslee).
H. psiTTAciNus Fries.

Preston: near Brookside {Beardslee).

LACTARIA Pers.

L. ciLicioiDES Fries.

On border of woods and swamp, July 4, 1893 {Nuttall,
1020).
L. PiPERATA (L.) Pers.

Preston: near Brookside {Beardslee).

L. PERGAMENA (Sw.) FriCS.

Preston: near Brookside {Beardslee).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY I25

L. GLAucESCENs(Crossl.) Bcardslce comb.nov. {Lactarius Crossl.)
Preston : rather rare near Brookside but doubtless occurs
in the southern mountains quite generally. This species was
observed, studied, and noted under a temporary name. Tht
peculiar glaucous-green color assumed by the latex wai
different from anything before observed. My plants should
certainly be referred to this species, which has since been
published. It has possibly been confused with L. vellereus
which it resembles.
L. \ELLERA Fries

Preston: near Brookside (Beardslee).
L. INSULSA Fries.

Preston: near Brookside (Beardslee).
L. TRivALis Fries.

Preston: near Brookside (Beardslee).
L. DELiciosA (L.) Fries.

Preston: near Brookside (Beardslee).
L. Indigo (Schw.) Fries.

Preston: near Brookside (Beardslee).
L. PLiNTiiOGALA (Otto) Burl. (LacJariiisfidigiiiosusFr.)

Preston: near Brookside (Beardslee).
L. LACTiFLUA (L.) Burl. (Lactarius vol emus Fr.^,

Preston: near Brookside (Beardslee).
L. HVDROPiPEROiDES Berk. & Curt.

Preston: near Brookside (Beardslee).
L. suBDULcis (Pers.) Fries.

Preston: near Brookside (Beardslee).

RUSSULA Pers.

R. EMETICA Fr. ?

In woods, July 4, 1893 (Nut tall, 1021).
R. NIGRICANS Fries.

Preston: near Brookside (Beardslee).
R. ADUSTA Fries.

Preston: near Brookside (Beardslee).
R. DELicA Fries.

Preston: near Brookside (Beardslee).
R. FURCATA Fries.

Preston: near Brookside (Beardslee).
R. FRAGiLis Fries.

Preston: near Brookside (Beardslee).
R. viRESCENS Fries.

Preston: near Brookside (Beardslee).

126 THE WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

CANTHARELLUS Adans.

C. MINOR Peck?

On ground in woods, alt. 2,000 ft., July 4, 1893 (Nnttall,
1023).

C. Wrightii Berk?

Wet sand of river bank in shade, July 18, 1893. Whole
plant light red except gills, which are little deeper red than
salmon-color, gills decurrent, veined between, pileus more
convex than plane, and depressed edge wavy, rather tough
Largest 4 cm. broad, stem 5 cm. high, 5 mm. thick. Spore?
7.5 to 8.5 X 3.5 to 5 /x, apparently rough and guttulate in-
ward {Nuttall, 1 104).

C. lUBAEFORMIS Fr. ?

On rotten wood in woods, alt. 2,000 ft., julv 4, 1893
{Nuttall, 1022). ■

C. FLOccosus Schw.

On open bank of stream in laurel thicket, alt. 2,000 ft.,

June 20, 1893. Largest squamules .75 cm. long, thick and

triangular, forming a cone which clones the funnel below

the top an inch or more. Spores 15 x 7.5 /x {Nuttall, 992).

C. ciBARius Fries. ♦

Preston: near Brookside (Bcardslcc).
C. AURANTiAcus Fries.

Preston: near Brookside (Bcardslce).
C. iNFUNDiBULiFORMis Fries.

Preston: near Brookside { Bcardslee).
C. ciNNABARiNUS Fries.

Preston: near BrooksiBe (Bcardslce).

NYCTALIS Fr.

N. ASTEROPHORA Fr.

On dead Agaric in deep damp woods, July 14, 1893. Stars
20 fi diameter {Nuttall, 1096).

MARASMIUS Fr.

M. SEMIHIRTIPES Pcck.

On dead leaves, sticks, etc.. Short Creek, IMay 14, 1893
{Nuttall, 967).
M. ERYTHROPUS Fries.

Preston: near Brookside (Bcardslce).
M. scoRODONius Fries.

Preston: near Brookside (Bcardslcc).
M. FOETiDus Fries.

Preston: near Brookside (Bcardslcc) .
M. ANDROSACEUS Frics.

Preston: near Brookside (Bcardslcc) .

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 12/

M. SPLANCKNOIDES Frics.

Preston: near Brookside (Beardslee).
M. PERFORANS Fries.

Preston: near Brookside (Beardslee).
M. INSTITITUS Fries.

Preston: near Brookside (Beardslee).
M. EPiPi-iYLLus Fries.

Preston: near Brookside (Beardslee).
M. opAcus B. & C.

Common, on dead branches Rhododendron maximum^
Grant Co., near Bayard (Mills pan gli).

M. CAMPANULATUS Peck.

On dead leaves and sticks in damp woods, Short Creek,
alt. 1,300 ft., An^. 16, 1893 (Nnttall, 1153).
M. ROTULA (Scop.) Fr.

On dead limb of Betnla lenta. Grant Co., near Bayard
(Millspaitgh). On stick in open woods, June 8, 1893
(Nut fall, 972).

COLLYBIOPSIS (Schroet.) Earle.
C. RAMEALis (Fr.) Earle. (Marasiniits raniealis Fr.)

Very common on twigs and leaves in laurel thickets, June
15, 1893 (Nuttall. 994).

SCORTEUS Earle.
S. OREADES (Fries) Earle. (Marasiiiins orcades Fr. )

Preston: near Brookside (Beardslee).

TAPINIA (Fries) Karst.
T. PANUOiDES (Fries). (Pa.villns panuoides Fr.)

Preston: near Brookside (Beardslee).

LENTODIUM Morg.
L. SQUAMOSUM (Huds.) Murrill. (Lenthius lepideus Fr.)

Preston: near Brookside (Beardslee).

LENTINUS Fr.
L. STRiGosus Fr.

On dead log Betnla liitea. Grant Co., near Bayard (Mills-
pangh). On dead logs, common. May 6, 1893 (Nuttall, 904).
L. CRiNiTus (L.) Fries.

On Aecr saceliarnni, ]\lonongalia, near Lick Run (Shel-
don).

PANUS Fr.
P. STiPTicus (Bull.) Fr.

On fallen dead limb, Jan. 29. 1893 (Nuttall, 050).

128 THE WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

P. DORSALIS BOSC.

On Tsiiga Canadensis, Sept., 1893 {Nuttall, 1253, 196).
P. coNCiiATUs Fries.

Preston: near Brookside (Bcardslee).

TROGIA Fr.
T. CRISPA (Pers.) Fr.

On various dead dry loj^s and limbs, March 21. 1893
{Nuttall, 875).

LENZITES.
L. EETULiNA (Linn.) Fr.

On logs. Sept. 6, 1893 {Nuttall, 837). Monongalia: Lick
Run {Sheldon).
L. ABIETINA (Bull.) Fr.

On dead branches Tsuga Canadensis, alt. 1,600 ft., Dec.
^5> 1893 (Nuttall, 1301).

L. CORRUGATA Klot.

On Castanea deutata, alt. 1,800 ft., Dec. 19, 1893 {Nuttall,
1302).

GLOEOPHYLLUM Karst.
G. HiRSUTUM (Schaefif.) Murrill. {Lensites sepiaria Fr.).

On Pinus Virginiana, Monongalia, near Dellslow and on
Fraxinus, near Ringgold ; on spruce log, Pocahontas, Spruce
Mountain, alt. 4,000 ft. {Sheldon) . On decorticated stumps
Picea Mariana, Tucker Co., near Falls of Blackwater ( Mills-
paugh ) .

A resupinate form on dead logs Tsuga Canadensis Grant
Co.
G. TRABEUM (Pers.) Murrill.

On Acer saccharum, Monongalia : near Lick Run and Mor-
gantown {Sheldon).

SCHIZOPHYLLUM Fr.

S. COMMUNE Fr.

On bark log Qucrcus alba, Grant Co., near Bayard. On
dead twig Pyrus Malus, Monongalia Co., near Morgantown
{Millspaugh) . On dead logs, Jan. 30, 1893 {Nuttall, 827).
S. ALNEUM (L.) Schroet.

On Acer, Pocahontas: Cranberry Glades (Sheldon).

VOLVARL^ Fr.
V. BOMBYCiNA (Pcrs.) Fr.

On dead insect sp. ? Monongalia Co., near Morgantown
{Millspaugh).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY I2q

V. HYPOPiTA Fries.

Preston : near Brookside. This is the only Volvaria I
have detected in West Virginia. It is the plant commonly
referred to V. pubescentipes Pk. Aly specimens have been
verified by Bresadola and I am confident they are correct. —
Beardslee.

PLUTEUS Fries.
P. CERViNUS (Schaefif.) Quel.

Preston: near Brookside {Beardslee).

P. ADMIRABILIS Pcck.

Preston: near Brookside (Beardslee).

P. LONGISTRIATUS Peck.

Preston: near Brookside (Beardslee).

ENTOLOMA (Fries) Quel.

E. SERiCELLA Fries.

Preston: near Brookside (Beardslee).
E. RHODOPOLiA Fries.

Preston: near Brookside (Beardslee).
E. STRiCTiOR Peck.

Preston: near Brookside (Beardslee).
E. SERICEA Bull.

Preston: near Brookside (Beardslee).

CLITOPILUS Fr.

C. ABORTIVUS Fr.

Wet woods, alt. i,8oo ft., aborted specimens in quantity,
Sept. 4, 1893 (Nnffall, 1190).
C. PRUNULus Scop.

Preston: common near Brookside (Beardslee).
C. ORCELLA Bull.

Preston: common near Brookside (Beardslee).

NOLANEA (Fries) Quel.

N. PASCUA Pers.

Preston: near Brookside (Beardslee).
N. MAMMOSA Linn.

Preston: near Brookside (Beardslee) .

LEPTONIA (Fries) Quel.

L. SERRULATA Pers. *

Preston: near Brookside (Beardslee).
L. ASPERELLA Fries.

Preston: near Brookside (Beardslee).

130 THE WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

CLAUDOPUS (W. G. Smith) Gillet.
C. VARIABILIS Pers.

Preston: near Brookside {Bcardslec).
C. BvssisEDUs Pers.

Preston: near Brookside (Beardslee).

PHOLIOTA (Fries) Quel.
P. EREBiA Fries.

Preston: near Brookside (Beardslee).
P. CANDicANS (Bull) Scliroet. (P. praecox Pers.).

Preston: near Brookside {Beardslee).
P. ADiPOSA Fries.

Preston: near Brookside {Beardslee).
P. MUTABiLis Schaeff.

Preston: near Brookside {Beardslee).

ROZITES Karst.
R. CAPERATA (Pers.) Karst. {Pholiota caperata Pers.).

Preston: common near Brookside (Beardslee).

FLAMMULA (Fries) Quel
F. FLAviDA Schaeff.

Preston: near Brookside (Beardslee).

NAUCORIA (Fries) Quel
N. FESTivA Fries.

Preston : near Brookside. A photograph of this curious

plant was secured and seems to be correctly placed. The

glutinous pileus and long rooting stipe are very marked —

Beardslee.

N. SEMiORBicuLARis (BuU.) Qucl (N. pediades Fr.).

Preston: common in lawns near Brookside (Beardslee).

CONOCYBE Fayod.
C. TENER (Schaeff.) Fayod. (Gal era tciier Schaeff.).

Preston: near Brookside (Beardslee).
C. HYPNORUM fBatsch.) Murrill. (Galcra hypnornrn Batsch.).

Preston: near Brookside (Beardslee).

TUBARIA (W. G. Smith) Gillet.

T. FURFURACEA PcrS.

Preston: near Brookside (Beardslee).

' CREPIDOTUS (Nees.) S. F. Gray.
C. CALOLEPis Fries.

Preston : near Brookside. This is the plant commonly

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY I3I

referred to C. fiilvotomentosus Peck. Fries' description does
not well apply to our plant, but the Swedish plant referred
to this species is identical with ours. I found, in Sweden,
specimens nearly three times the dimensions given by Fries
and differing in no way from specimens collected in West
Virginia and in North Carolina — Bcavdslee.

C. APPLANATUS Pcrs.

Preston: near Brookside (Bcardslcc).

C. MALACHIUS B. & C.

Preston: near Brookside ( Bcardslce).
C. PUTRIGENUS B. & C.

Preston: near Brookside (Beardslec).
C. VERsuTus Peck

Preston: near Brookside (Bcardslcc).

C. HERBARUM Pcck.

Preston: near Brookside (Bcardslcc).

CORTINARIUS fPers.) Roussel.
C. CAERULESCENS Fries.

Preston: near Brookside (Bcardslcc).
C. PURPURASCENS Frics.

Preston: near Brookside (Bcardslcc).

C. RODES B. & C.

Preston: near Brookside (Bcardslcc).
C. vioLACEus Fries.

Preston: near Brookside (Bcardslcc).
C. PHOLiDEus Fries.

Preston: near Brookside (Bcardslce).
C. ciNNAMOMEus Frics.

Preston: near Brookside (Bcardslcc).
C. TORVUS Fries.

Preston: near Brookside (Bcardslce).

C. ARMILLATUS FricS.

Preston: near Brookside (Bcardslcc).

PAXILFUS Fries.
P. IN\T)LUTUS (Batsch) Fries.

Preston: near Brookside (Bcardslcc).

P. ATRAMENTOSUS FricS.

Preston: near Brookside (Bcardslcc).

VENENARIUS Earle.
V. MUSCARius (Fries) Earle. (Agaricns ninscarius Fr.)

AGARICUS Linn.
A. Rodman I Peck.

On ground, June 28, 1893 (N tit fall, 1005).

132 THE WEST \TRGINIA FLORA

A. CAMPESTER Linn.

On lawn, June 24, 1893 {Nuttall, 1002).
A. SIL\' KOLA Vitt.

In woods, Short Creek, alt. 1,150 ft. {Nuttall, 1699).
Spores 5 to 7 X 3 to 4 |U,.
A. siLVATicus Schsefif.

In woods, Short Creek, July 2, 1893 {Nnttall, 1117).
A. ARVENSis Linn.

Preston: near I)rookside (Bcardslcc).

A. PLACOMYCES Pcck.

Preston: near Brookside (Bcardslee).
STROPHARIA Fr.

S. STERCORARIA Fr.

On decayino- vegetable matter, Preston Co., near Terra
Alta ( Mills paugh).
S. SEMiGLOBATA (Batsch.) Quel.

Preston: near Brookside {Bcardslcc).

HYPHOLOMA Fr.

H. SUBLATERITIUM Schseff.

Under bark log^ Fraxinus Aiiicricana, Mononq-alia Co.,
near Morgantown (Millspaugh).

H. ELAEODES Fr. ?

On sticks on ground, May 18. 1893 {Nnttall, 858).

H. FASCICULARIS Huds.

Preston: near Brookside (Bcardslee).
H. LACHRYMABUNDA Fries.

Preston : near Brookside. The plants referred here, with
some misgivings, were found growing in large masses com-
prised of a great number of individuals, resembling in num-
ber and scaly appearance Cooke's figure of H. storea Fr. I
have never seen it since — Bcardslcc.
H. Candolleana Fries.

Preston: near Brookside (Bcardslcc).
H. appendiculatum (Bull.) Quel.

Preston: near Brookside (Bcardslcc).

COPRINUS Pers.
C. variegatus Peck?

On stick in shady place, Aug. 11, 1893 (Nuttall, 1143V
C. micaceus (Bull) Fr.

On bases of stumps in woods, July 8, 1893 (Nuttall, 1081).
C. DOMESTicus (Pers.) Fr.

In woods on mixture of manure and leaf mold. June
29, 1893 (Nuttall. 1007).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 1 33

C. SEMILANATUS Peck ?

In heavily manured asparagus bed in garden, Apr. 29,
1893 {Nut tall, 903).

C. EPHEMERUS Fr.

On horse dung, July 2, 1893 (Nuttall, 1113).

C. ANGULATUS Peck.

On baked soil where log had been burned, with Pccica
carhonaria. May 8, 1893 {Nuttall, 932).

PANAEOLUS Fr.
P. CAMPANULATUS Linn.

On cow dung in deep coniferous woods, Grant Co., near
Bayard (Millspaugh). Plentiful on manured lawn, j\Iay 8,
1893, (Nuttall, 933).
P. soLiDiPES Peck.

Preston: near Brookside (Beardslee).

PSATHYRELLA Karst.

P. DISSEMINATA Pers. ?

In rotten mold about the base of a stump, a mass about
I meter containing perhaps thousands of specimens. Speci-
mens 3 to 5 cm. high, thin, fleshless. Pileus i cm. broad,
8 mm. high, slightly umbonate, sulcate striate, mealy, gray,
stems white, smooth i mm. thick, at first slightly furfura-
ceous. Largest stems 6 cm., broadest pileus 18 mm. Spores
6 to 10 X 3 to 5 ;U, (Nuttall, 1 189). Sept. 3, 1893.

POLYPORACFAE.

GYROPORUS Quel.
G. CYANESCENS (Bull.) Ouel. (Boletus cyanesccns Bull.).

Bare soil and on clay banks along roads. Preston, near
Brookside (Beardslee).

TYLOPILUS Karst.
T. GRACILIS (Peck) p. Henn. (Boletus gracilis Peck).

Preston, near Brookside (Beardslee).
T. ALBOASTER (Schw.) Murrill. (Boletus nigrellus Peck).

Preston, near Brookside (Beardslee).

CERIOMYCES Batt.
C. CHROMAPES (Frost) Murrill. (Boletus chroma pes Frost).

Preston: abundant near Brookside (Beardslee).
C. AURiFLAMMEUS (B. & C.) Murrill. (Boletus auriHammeus
B. & C.)

In dry gravel high on the mountain sides, Preston : near
Brookside (Beardslee).

134 THE WEST \1RGIN1A FLORA

C. PARASITICUS (Bull.) Murrill. {Boletus parasiliciis Bull.)-
On Scleroderma viilgare in wet woods, Fayette : near
Nuttallburg {Nuttall, 1191).
C. ExiMius (Peck) Murrill. (Boletus exiiiiius Peck).

Hillsides, Preston: near Brookside (Beardslee).

C. CRASsus Batt. (Boletus edulis Bull).

Old field under Rhus copallina, pileus 15 x 10 cm., stipe

4x5 cm. Spores 10 to 14 x 3 to 4 [x, Fayette, near Nuttall-

burg (Nuttall, 990). Preston: rarely seen at Brookside.

C. CRASSUS SEPARANS Pcck. (Boletus separaiis Peck).

Hillsides, Preston: near Brookside (Beardslce).
C. AFFiNis (Peck) Murrill. (Boletus afHinis Peck).

Preston : abundant everywhere about Brookside (Beards-
lee).
C. SPECiosus (Frost) Murrill. (Boletus speciosus Frost).

On ground in woods, alt. 2,000 ft., Fayette : near Nuttall-
burg (Nuttall, 1099).
C. BicoLOR (Peck) Murrill. (Boletus bicolor Peck)

Common along sandy roads, Preston : near Brookside
(Beardslce).
C. COMMUNIS (Bull.) Murrill. (Boletus chryseiitroii Fr.)

In deep woods, Fayette : near Nuttallburg (Nuttall, 987)

PULVEROBOLETUS Murrill.
P. Ravenelii (B. & C.) Murrill. (Boletus Ravenelii Berk. &
Curt.).

Preston: near Brookside (Beardslce).

STROBILOMYCES Berk.

S. strobilaceus (Scop.) Berk.

Shady fence row, alt. 2,300 ft. Spores about 10 /x round.
Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nuttall, iioo).

FISTULINA Bull.

F. HEPATIC A Fr.

On dead stumps, alt. 2,000 ft. Fayette : near Nuttallburg
(Nuttall, 1 1 02).

POLYPORUS (Mich.) Paulet.
P. Polyporus (Retz.) Murrill. (P. bruinalis Fr.).

On dead logs, Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nuttall, 1835).
P. Fissus Berk.

On Acer. Pocahontas: Cranberry Glades (Sheldon).
P. ARCULARius (Batsch) Fries.

On rotten logs, largest specimens 4 cm. broad with stipe
2.3 cm. Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nuttall, 929).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY I35

P. ELEGANS (Bull.) Fries. (P. varins of Am. Auth.).

On dead logs, specimens thin, tough, 20 cm. broad, Fay-
ette : near Xuttallburg {Niittall, 840).

BJERKANDERA Karst.

B. ADUSTA (Willd.) Karst. {Poly poms adiisttis Fr.).

On dead branch Rlnis hirta, and in decayed stump Hicoria

ovata, Monongalia: near Morgantown (Mills paugh) ; on

dead log, Star City; on dead oak, near Randall {Sheldon).

On Willow, Ohio: near Moundsville {Sheldon).

PORODISCULUS Karst.

P. TENDULus (S.chw.) Murrill. (Polyponis pocnla B. & C).
. On dead Rhus copallina, Fayette : near Glade Creek {Niitt-
all, 478, 1495)-

ISCHNODERMA Karst.

I. FULiGiNOSUM (Scop.) Murrill. (Polyponis resinosti^s Fr.).
. ,j;,.,,,Pn -j4^^1 dpgK.l^^yette : near Nuttalll)urg (Nuti^qlJ^^^^jg).

/■nyifriBt') : aslrtodKoo'I .'foi<,i ]>!''!• 1, .■■ ,v,\\vlf'. ) nwot

FUSCOSPORIA Mu«rjW:>5\?.) nrBlnrioM

F. N'lTicoLA (Schw.) Murrill.

On QtiercmiMdjKokk^l^i, M^nQOg,allia]:/near Morgantown

.!.7//i?^^^tok ivnM'Mo^) MmnM. i.7/rhP.) hatoajH .h

I. MOLLIS (Berk. & GttRt.l) .Murrill.jv^f\Ts\ ?,\nof\YVV-\

On Acer saccharum, Alonongalia: near Lick Run (Shel-
don). Jlii-rnM ^'J^IO^ITHA.I
I. LACTEUS (Fries) Murj-ill., ,,• . - - t
• ( -"^^ m6m]^msi'':'m''0lM^us at- liiBc liuA ■,^bn ' Jugmnrmred
"•"^''^^M'6i-'gafrto\Vn'(^57?'^'/^dhj. '' ' ''^^" smvK^ob uO

T. CHiONEUS (i^ries) Karst.
(.I'^r <5ft^-^i^tV*r>-iMoi-l6ttyalia : at Slibfat!6n ; ow'dead -^A^-dod,' Uji-I
i"ior[gi-itftn' k Fm\m-' Creek^fShemw)'f\ >lf'''-'ii b'^'^b nO
T. UNDOSUS (Peck) Murrill. •■'<\^=,^ ,^'t^= .\\n\A\vY.) >{99-i3

On decaying trunks of Uem\oc^imid'PlnW,(^M'u>riU^^'Ort}i\

.(nobhj\?.) -/fsaiD rbrrsT'^ : -rrirkqU -.mw^
lONOTU^'rafM. (-^"oM) a-iaioMoiJ .H

I. PERPLEXus |Peck) Murrill.

On Fat^iis, Monongalia: near Alorgantown (Sheldon).

136 THE WRST \TRG1NIA FLORA

PHAEOLUS Pat.

P. siSTOTREMOiDES (Alb. & Schw. ) Murrill.

On Hemlock log, Pocahontas: Cranberry Glades (Shel-
don).

PYCNOPORUS Karst.

P. ciNNABARiNUS (Jaccj.) Karst.

Preston: on Pntniis scrotina, near Reedsville, on Bctula
near Cranesville ; on dead wood, Pocahontas : Cranberry-
Mountain ; Monongalia : near Morgantown, on Primus se-
rotina and on Qiiercus (Sheldon).

GRIFOLA (Micheli) S. F. Gray.

G. RAMOSissiMA (Scop.) Murrill. (Polyponis iiiiibcllatus ¥r.).
In dry exposed hollow of oak stump. Alonongalia : near
Morgantown ( Mills pan gh ) .
G. Berkeley: (Fr.) Murrill (Polyponis B. & lactilhnis Pk.).
On ground in open woods, height 30 cm. breadth 60 cm.
Fayette: near Nuttallburg (NnttaU. 1171). In dry ex-
posed hollow of oak stump. Monongalia : near Morgan-
town (A'lillspaugh). On dead wood, Pocahontas: Cranberry
Mountain (Sheldon).

AURANTIPORUS Murrill.

A. PiLOTAE (Schw.) Murrill. (Polyponis Pilotae Schw.).

On dead and rotten log, Fayette: Sewell Valley (NnttaU,
1661). Under side of dead log, Nuttallburg (NnttaU, 166,
1214), Polyponis hypococeineus Berk.

LAETIPORUS Murrill.

L. SPEciosus (Batt.) Murrill. (Polyponis sulphur ens Fr.).

On decaying oak stump, Monongalia : near Morgantown
(Mills paiigh).

HAPALOPILUS Karst.

H. RUTiLANS (Pers.) Murrill. (Polyponis nidnlaus Fr.).

On dead trunk Prnnns scrotina, Fayette : along Short
Creek (NnttaU, 548, 1599).
H. GiLvus (Schw.) Murrill.

On Fagns, Monongalia: near Morgantown: on Acer rnh-
rnm; Upshur: French Creek (Sheldon).
H. LicNOiDES (Mont.) Murrill.

On Acer sacchannn, Preston: near Albright (Sheldon).

WEST X'IRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 137

GANODERMA Karst.
G. TsuGAE Aiurrill.

. On Tsuga, Monongalia : at Tibbs Run and Sturgisson
{Sheldon).

PYROPOLYPORUS Murrill.
P. iGNiARius (L.) Murrill.

On Betnia, Pocahontas: Cranberry Glades; on Acer, Pres-
ton: near Cranesville {Sheldon). Randolph: near Pickens
{H. H. Smith, 1946). ,

P. RoBiNiAE Murrill.

On living Robinia, Monongalia : near Sturgisson and
Mason: near Ehvell {SJicIdon) .
P. CONCH ATUS (Pers.) Murrill.

On dead log, Monongalia: near Morgantown {Sheldon) .

ELFVINGIA Karst.
E. FOMENTARIA (L.) Murrill. {Fonies fouientarius of Flora).
On dead Betnia lutea, Grant: near Bayard {Millspaugh) ;
on dead log, Greenbrier: near Rupert {Niittall, 1635).

E. MEGALOMA (Lev.) Murrill.

On dead wood, Monongalia : Lick Run ; on Acer saccha-,
rum, Preston, near Cranesville {Sheldon).

FOMES Fr.

F. LuciDus (Leys.) Fr.

On dead logs Tsuga Canadensis, Preston Co.. near Terra
Alta {Millspaugh). On old stumps in deep woods, April
10, 1893, full grown in June {Niittall, 892).
F. voLVATUS Peck.

On west side Finns Virginiana, March 8, 1893 {Nnttall,
870).
F. UNGULATus (Scliacff.) Sacc {F. pinicola of Flora).

On Tsuga, Preston: near Cranesville {Sheldon) ; on fallen
trunks Tsuga Canadensis, Short Creek, IN'Iay i, 1893 {Nntt-
all, 924).
F. APPLANATUS (Pcrs.) Wallr.

On dead Acer saccharnin and Quercus palustris, alba and
rubra, Wood Co., near Kanawha Station, and McDowell Co.,
near Elkhorn. On dead Fraxinus Americana, Grant Co.,
near Bayard, and Monongalia Co., near Morgantown {Mills-
paugh). On dead logs, Jan., 1893 {Nuttall, 828).
F. RIMOSUS Berk.

On dead Robinia Psendacacia, Monongalia Co., near Mor-
gantown (Millspaugh). On same sp and on Oak? alt.
2,000 ft.. March 21. 1893 {Nuttall, 914).

138 Till': WKST VIRGINIA FLORA

F. ROSEUS (Alb. & Schw.) Cooke. (F. cariieus of Flora.)

On Tsiiga, Preston: near Cranesville; on Picca rubens.
Pocahontas : Cranberry Glades ; on living Peach tree, Monon-
galia : near Washington (Sheldon). On dead, decorticated
Picea Mariana, Tucker Co., near Falls of P)lackwater {Mills-
paugJi). On Pinus Virginiana, March, 1893 {Xuttall, 865).

POLYSTICTUS Fr.

P. PERGAMENUS Fr.

On dry exposed oak railroad tie, Monongalia Co.. near
Morgantown (Millspangh). On various dead trees, Feb.
17, 1^893 (Nut tall, 847).
P. ciNNABARiNus (Jacq.) Fr.

On dead limbs of cultivated Priiiius, Monongalia Co.,
near Morgantown (Aiillspaugh). On various dead decidu-
ous trees, Jan. 31, 1893 (Niittall, 829). Randolph: on Be-
tula lenta near Pickens (//. H. Smith, 1848).
P. ABIETINUS Fr.

On fallen Tsuga Canadensis, Grant Co., near Bayard
{ Mills paugh). On Pinus Virginiana, March 4, 1894
{Nuttall, 1420, 390).

CORIOLUS Quel.

C. PUBESCENS (Schum.) Murrill. (Polyporns ptibescens Fr.).
On dead Betida sp. Fayette: near Nuttallburg {Nuttall,
1673). C)n Fagus, Upshur: near French Creek, and ]\Ionon-
galia : near Morgantown (Sheldon).
C. ABIETINUS (Dicks.) Quel.

On Picea rubens, Pocahontas : Cranberry Glades ; on

Tsuga, Monongalia : near Cooper's Rock and Lick Run

(Sheldon).

C. VERSICOLOR (L.) Quel. (Polystictus versicolor Fr.).

On Juglans nigra and on Betida, Monongalia : near ?\lor-

gantown ; on Betida, Pocahontas : at Cranberry Glades and

Preston: near Albright (Sheldon); on decorticated stump

Picea Mariana, Tucker Co., near Falls of Rlackwater.

Under bark of log Quercus alba, Monongalia Co., near

Morgantown (Millspaugh). On various dead trees, Feb.,

1893 (Nuttall, 834). Randolph: near Pickens on Betula

(H. H. Smith, 1850).

C. PROLiFiCANS (Fries) Murrill. (Polyporns proJiftcaiis Fv.).

On Betula, Pocahontas : at Cranberry Glades, on Quercus,

near Seebert ; on Fagus, Preston: near Albright; on Prunus

Americana, Monongalia: near Morgantown (Sheldon).

C. NiGROMARGiNATUS (Schw.) IMurrill. (Polystictus hirsntus Ft.).

On Liriodendron, Monongalia : near Oliver; on dead wood

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY I39

Pocahontas : Cranberry Glades ; on Betula, Monongalia : near
Lick Run (Sheldon) ; on dead twig cultivated Pyrus Mains,
Monongalia Co., near Morgantown. On dead Betnia Intea,
and on log Liriodendron Tidipifcra. A form with white
spores, on roots fallen Betula lenta, Grant Co., near Bayard
{Millspaugh). On Fagus atropnnicca, Keeney's Creek,
Oct. 20, 1893 {Nuttall, 1211).

CORIOLELLUS Murrill.

C. Sepium (Berk.) Murrill. {Tramctes Sepiuin Berk.).

On dry railroad ties, Monongalia : near Morgantown

(Millspaiigh), on Jnglans nigra {Sheldon). Resupinate form

on dead oak beams over a boiler, Fayette : near Nuttallburg

{N Hit all, 1300).

MUCRONOPORUS E. & E.

M. EVERHARTII E. & Gall.

On Ulniiis piihcscens, Nov. 6, 1893 {^^^tiall, 1598).
M. GiLvus (Sz.) E. & E.

On Castanea dentata, July 20, 1894 (Nvttall. 1169, 558).
M. FERRUGiNOSus (Schrad.) E. & E.

On Jnglans einerea, Aug. 29, 1893 (Xtittoll, 1183).

PORTA Pers.

P. VULGARIS Fr.

On various dead limbs, Feb. 2 and Nov. 20, 1893 i^'^utt
all. 833). A nodular form on oak ties, Nov. 5. 1894 (Nutt-
all).
P. OBDUCENS Pers.

On underside of dead log, Feb. 8, 1893 {Nuttall, I2gy,
246). ^ ,

P. NIGRA Berk.

On side and beneath dead Hicoria? log. Efifused, long
and narrow, perennial (Nuttall, 1268).

P. TOMENTO-CINCTA B. & R.

Effused on bark underside of log Betnia lenta, 60 x 30 cm
One layer taken off on Sept. 16, the same surface of the
bark was found to be again covered with the species on
Oct. 5, 1895. {Nuttall. 1865, 752). On Magnolia Fraseri,
Nov., 1895.
P. VAPORARIA Fr.

On Prunus serotina, Dec. 8, 1893 {Nuttall, 1295, 244).

P. TULIPIFERAE Schw.

On Liriodendron Tulipifera. April 13, 1893 (Nnttall,
893).

140 THE WEST VIRGINIA ELORA

P. Xantiia Fr.

On Piniis Virginiana, March 21, 1893 (Nitttall, 913).
P. micans (Ehrenb.) Fr.

On burned log, Short Creek, alt. 1,300 ft., Nov. 24, 1893
(Nitttall, 1277, 223).
P. corticola Fr.

Underside of young dead Liriodciidron Tulipifcra, dif-
fused through clefts of bark, incrusting other polypori, etc.
Alt. 925 ft., "Nov. 20, 1893 (Nuttall, 1280).
P. siNuosA Fr. ?

Appears to be between this and Irpcx obliqims, preferably
this (E. & E.). On Kalmia latifolia, Short Creek, alt.
1,800 ft., Aug. 12, 1893 {Nuttall, 1166, 138).

P, FARINELLxV Fr.

On dead log, Short Creek, alt. 1,800 ft., Sept. 12, 1893
{Nuttall, 1204, 160).

TRAMETES Fr.
T. Ohioensis Berk.

On dead standing sapling. Short Creek, alt. 1.800 ft.,
April ^o, 1894 {Nuttall, 1467).
T. ROBiNiOPHiLA Murrill.

On wounds of Robinia pscudacacia, Monongalia : near
Morgantown (Sheldon).
T. MOLLIS Fr. ?

On drift wood, March, 1893 (undeveloped) (Nuttali

1597, 550).
T. odorata Wulf.

On dead limbs in a drain, July 20, 1894 (Nuttall, 1628,
557). 0.zoni]tni auriconinui, Link., a curious tawny my-
celium, supposed to be intimately connected with this species,
was found here with this specimen.

DAEDALEA Pers.
D. confragosa (Bolt.) Pers.

On dead Cornus florida, Fayette: near Nuttallburg (A^utt-

all, 1774). On Betula, Monongalia: Lick Run, and on

Querciis near Star City ; on Betula, Pocahontas : Cranberry

Glades (Sheldon).

D. Aesculi (Schw.) Murrill. (D. ambigua Berk.).

On dead Acer, Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nuttall, 846).

CERRENA (Micheli) S. F. Gray.
C. unicolor (Bull.) Alurrill. (Daedalea unicolor Fr.).

On dead Hicoria ovata, Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nutt-
all, 247). Randolph : near Pickens, on Fagus (H. H. Smith,
1829).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY I4I

MYRIADOPORUS Peck.
M. iNDURATUs Peck.

Top of decayed oak stump, Monongalia Co., near Mor-
gantown (Millspangh). Professor Peck remarks, in a letter,
on receipt of the specimens : "This is probably only an im-
perfect condition of Porta abdiiccns."

HEXAGONA Pollini.

H. ALVEOLARis (DC.) Murrill. {Favolus Enropaeus ¥r^.

On dead wood, Monongalia : on Dorseys Knob near Mor-

gantown {Sheldon). On dead branch, Feb. 12, 1894 {Nutt-

all, 1360). Spores 12.5 x 3 /^ somewhat curved, obliquely

apiculate. Feb. 17. 1895 (NitttaU, 1788).

GLOEOPORUS Mont.
G. coNCKOiDES Mont.

On oak chips. Monongalia Co., near Morgantown (Mills-
paugh). On decaying log, Monongalia: at Sabraton and
on Prunus serotina at Mona : on apple, Preston : at Albright,
and on dead wood, ^^'ayne : near Ceredo (Sheldon).

MERULIUS Hall.
M. TREMELLosus Schrad.

Under bark Oiiercus alba log, Monongalia Co., near Mor-
gantown (Millspangh). On Almis rugosa, Oct. 31, 1893
(Niittall, 1220).
M. RUBELLus Peck.

On dead Onercns alba. Short Creek. Nov. 9. 1893 (Nntt-
all, 1244).

Also found parasitic on Stcreiiin versicolor. In some
cases the hymenium simply covers the under surface of the
Stereum. In nearly all specimens observed it grows at the
base of the host to which it is at least partly adherent.
Largest pileus 5 x 5 cm., sometimes laterallv connected for
15 cm.
N. CoRiUM Fr.

On branches, April 2/. i8q^ (Nuttall, 1822, 699).
M. MOLLuscus Fr.

On dead limb Tsnga Canadensis, Short Creek, alt 1.800
ft., Feb. 8, 1894 (Nuttall. 1399).
M. AMBIGUUS Berk.

On dead Prunus serotina. Short Creek, alt. 97^ ft Ian
1894 (Nuttall, 1602). ■ '

M. LACHRYMANS (Jacq.) Fr.

On bottom of box in cellar, Feb. 14, 1894 (Nuttall \T.yq
341).

142 THE WKST \TRGINIA FLORA

M. PULVERULENTUS Fr.

Underside of old logs, Oct. 19, 1893. Spores orange col-
ored, nucleate, 10 x 6 /a {Nuttall, 1208).

POROTHELIUM Fr.

P. LACERUM Fr.

On dead trunk, Feb. 11, 1894 {Nuttall, 1381, 343).

SOLENIA Hoitm.
S. OCHRACEA Hoffm.

On dry dead log. Short Creek, alt. 1,800 ft., Dec. 16,
1893 {Nuttall, 1327, 285).
S. viLLosA Pers.

On fallen dead limb of Quercus sp., Sept., 1895 {Nutt-
all, 1854, 741).

H Y D N A C E A E.

HYDNUM Linn.
H. REPANDUM Linn.

F'ayette : near Xuttallburg (Nuttall).

H. CINNABARINUM (Schw.) Fr.

Fayette : effused under bark of dry dead limb near Nutt-
allburg {Nuttall, 997).

HERICIUM Pers.
H. coRALLoiDES (Scop.) Pcrs. {H yd 1111111 coralloides Scop.).
Fayette : in decayed cleft on living Fagus near Nuttall-
burg {Nuttall, 845).
H. Erinaceus (Bull.) Pers. {Hydiiimi Erinaceiun Bull.).

Fayette : on top of dead log and in hollow of living Fagus
near Nuttallburg (Nuttall, 1752). On Robinia (Sheldon).
H. CROCEUM (Schw.) Banker. {Hydnuui croceum Fr.)

Fayette : effused in crevices of dead log near Short Creek
{Nuttall, 398, 1426).

STECCHERINUM S. F. Gray.

S. ADUSTUM (Schw.) Banker. (Hydnuni adustuni Schwein.).

Fayette : on dead limbs on the ground. Nuclei at first

cream colorefl gradually changing from perifery to center

through reddish purple to dark j^rown. Near Nuttallburg

(Nuttall, 863).

S. OCHRACEUM (Pcrs.) S. F. Gray. (Ilyduuui ochraceum Pers.)

L^nderside of dead log. Stcgonotis fusca found growing

on this species. Fayette, near Nuttallburg (Nuttall, 891).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 1 43

SARCODON Quelet.

S. IMBRICATUS (L. ) Karst. (Hydimm imbricatiim L.).

Fayette; in oak woods near Nutallburg {Nuttall, 988).

HYDNELLUM Karsten.

H. \ELUTiNUM (Fries.) Banker. (Hydnnin velutinum Fr.).

Fayette: near Nuttallburg {Nuttall, 880).
H. NuTTALLii Banker, Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, 12:155 (1906).

Plant terrestrial, mesopodous, medium size ; pileus obconic,
deeply depressed to infundibuliform, somewhat round,
thickest at the center, thinning uniformly to the margin,
4 to 6 cm. wide, i cm. or less thick near the center ; surface
subeven, radiately subrugose or fibrillose when fresh, gray-
ish umber; margin thin, acute, coarsely plicate or fluted, de-
flexed, curled when dried, subfertile with short teeth; sub-
stance spongy-tomentose in upper half of pileus, thickest at
the center, umber, lower part of pileus harder more compact
darker of uniform thickness about i mm., continuous with
hard central core of stem; stem central, uneven, surrounded
below by bulbous mass of spongy tomentum, 0.5 cm. wide,
4 cm. long, bulbous base 1.5 cm. wide; teeth capillary more
or less decurrent, dark umber to black, 7 mm. or less long,
0.15 to 0.25 mm. wide, about 2 to i millimeter, longest teeth
about one-fourth of the distance from the stem to the mar-
gin ; spores apparently few, subtuberculate, subglobose,
brownish, 4 to 5 ^ wide.

The plant in structure is similar to H. velutinum, but very
distinct in the form of the pileus, in its subrugose not to-
mentose surface, and in the long capillary teeth.

Fayette: on ground beneath old decayed log, February 13,
1893, near Nuttallburg (Nuttall, 844). Reported in Mills-
paugh & Nuttall Flora as Hydnum sp.

TREAIELLODON Pers.

T. GELATINOSUM (Scop.) PcrS.

On dead Tsuga Canadensis Aug. 13, 1893 (Nuttall, 1148)

IRPEX Fr.
I. LACTEUS Fr.

On dead Rhus hirta, Monongalia Co., near Morgantown
(Millspaugh).
I. siNuosus Fr.

On dead sticks, Dec. 10, 1893 (Nuttall, 1309, 255).
I. oBLiouus (Schrad.) Fr. ?

On Magnolia Fraseri, Feb. 8. 1894 (Nuttall, 1385, 347).

144 THE WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

RADULUM Fr.

R. ORBICULARE Fr.

On Carpiniis Caroliniana? Nov. 27, 1893 {Niittall, 1270),
R. Magnoliae B. & C.

On Magnolia Fraseri, Feb. 9, 1894, Short Creek, alt. 1,800
ft. {Niittall, 1352).

PHLEBIA Fr.

P. AJERISMOIDES Fr.

On mossy bark of dead log, Dec. i, 1893 {Nuttall, 1289).
On Magnolia Fraseri, Nov., 1895.
P. RADIATA Fr.

On Alnus riigosa, Oct. 31, 1893 {Nnttall, 1219).

GRANDINIA Fr.

G. GRANULOSA Fr.

On underside dead log. May 20, 1893 {Nnttall, 1304).
G. CRUSTOSA (Pers.) Fr.

On Rhododendron maximum, May 20, 1893. On Liqui-
darnhar Styraciflna, Oct. 2, 1894 {Nnttall, 909 ident. Massee).

ODONTIA Pers.

O. FARINACEA Fr.

Underside dead Tsuga Canadensis, Nov. 9, 1893, Short
Creek, alt. 1,300 ft. {Nuttall, 1245).

NEOKNEIFFIA Sacc.

N. SETiGERA (Fr.) (Kneiffia sefigeraFr'ws).

In interstices dead log, Dec, 1893 (Nuttall, 1290, 231).

THELEPHORACEAE.

THELEPHORA Ehrh.

T. SEBACEA Pers.

On stem of Aster sp., damp shadv woods. July 25, 1893
{Nuttall, II 20).
T. PEDICELLATA Schwcin.

On Ostrya Virginiana, Feb. 8, 1894 (Nuttall, 1370, 328).
On Crataegus, Greenbrier: near Durbin (Sheldon).

STEREUM Pers.
S. VERSICOLOR (Sw.) Fr.

On Oncrcus sp. and Betula lenta, March 7, 1893 (Nutt-
all, 856).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY I4S

S. FASCIATUM Sz.

In dead stumps, alt. 2,000 ft., Alarch 8, 1893 (A-z/ffa//,
860).
S. VERSICOLOR z'ai'. (Peck).

On dry oak railroad ties, Monongalia Co., near ]\Iorgan-
town (M ills pail gh).
S. LOBATUM Fries.

On Fagus, Preston: near Albright; on Qucrcus alba.
Upshur: near French Creek (Sheldon).
S. PURPUREUM Pers.

On stump in pine woods {Liriodcndron?) Dec. 9, 1893
{Xuttall, 1 28 1, 391).
S. HIRSUTUM (W.) Fr.

On log, Nov. 24, 1893. Short Creek, alt. 1,300 ft. {Nntt-
all, 1277, 224).

S. SANGUINOLENTUM (A. & S. ) Fr.

On Tsuga Canadensis, Feb. 8, 1894 (Xntfall, 1386, 251)
S. SULPHUR ATUM B. & Rav.

On log Qrierciis alba, ]\Ionongalia Co., near ]\[organtown
(]\rillspaugh).
S. FRUSTULosuM (Pcrs.) Fr.

On log Qiiercns sp., Monongalia Co., near Morgantown
(Millspaiis;h). On dead wood, March 7, 1893 {Niittall,

857).
S. PiNi Fr.

On Finns Virginiana, April 6, 1894 {Xuttall, 1469, 445).

S. OCHRACEO-FLAVUM Schw.

On small dead twigs, March 21, 1894 (Xnttall, 1416).
S. ALBO-BADiuM Schwcin.

On dead sticks and twigs of various trees. April 27, 1893
(Xuttall, 1269).
S. SERicEUM Schw.

On dead twig Befnla Icnta, Grant Co., near Bayard { Mills -
paugh). On Rhus copalliua, March 6, 1894 (Xuttall, 1419,

389)-
S. COMPLICATUM Fr.

On roots of overturned Betula Icnta, Grant Co., near
Bayard; on dry oak railroad ties, Monongalia Co.. near
Morgantown (Millspaugh). On dead trees and on Quer-
cus Prinus, Dec. 8, 1893 (Xuttall, 867, 235). On Fagus,
Preston: near Albright; on Abies or Tsuga, Pocahontas:
Cranberry Glades (Sheldon) .

S. VERSIFORME B. & C. ?

On'Castanea deiitata, Jan. 18, 1893 (A'uttall, 1347, 305).
S. TRISTE B. & C.

On Rhododendron nia.riniuni in thicket, alt. 1.800 ft.
Feb. 8, 1894 (Xuttall, 966, 350).

146 THE WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

S. ACERiNUM Pers.

On living- tree trunks, March 7, 1893 (Nnttall, 858).

HYMENOCHAETE Lev.
H. RUBiGiNOSA (Schr.) Lev.

On dead log, March, 1893 {Nnttall, 911). On Rohinia
pseiidacacia, Monongalia: near Morgantown ; on Querciis
alba, Preston: near Terra Alta (Sheldon).

H. TABACINA (Sow.) Lcv.

On dead twigs, March, 1893 {Nuttall, 910) ; on Acer,
Pocahonta-s : Cranberry Glades {Sheldon).
H. CORRUGATA (Fr.) Lev.

On decorticated limb Bcinla Icnta, Grant Co., near Bay-
ard (MillspaugJi). On Magnolia Fraseri, Feb. 8, 1894.
Setae 38 x 7.5 ju, (Nuttall, 1364).
H. UNICOLOR B. & C. ?

On Bctula lenta, on dead Kalmia latifolia? July i, 1893
(Nuttall, nil, 96).

CORTICIUM Fr.

C. SALICINUM Fr.

On dead Sali.v nigra, March 15, 1894 (Nuttall, 1401).
C. Oakesii B. & C.

On living Ostrva Virs;inica, March 21, 1893 (Nuttall,
^77).

C. GLOBIFERUM E. & E.

Underside of dead log in deep laurel thicket. Short Creek,
March 25, 1893 (Nuttall, 940).
C. ARACHNOiDEUM Berk.

On dead damp twigs in dense pile, Jan. 18, 1894. Diffused
for 30 X 8 cm. Spores 4 to 5 x 2 to 3 /x. The species when
fresh has a wrinkled or crusted appearance looking very like
a INIerulius. but soon becomes flat and plane (NiittaU, 1344,

303)-
C. RADIOSUM Fr.

On dead trunk, partlv beneath loose bark. Short Creek,
May 18, 1893 (Nuttall, 965).
C. LEVE Pers.

On Hamamelis Virginica, Dec. 20, 1894 (Nuttall, 1500).
C. ALBO-FLAVESCENS E. & E., Field Mus. Bot., 1:170 (1896).

Type habitat : On bark of dead Tsuga Canadensis, Feb.
24, 1894 (Nuttall, discov. 1394).

At first orbicular, subpezizoid, i to 2 mm. diameter, be-
coming more irregular in shape and i cm. or more diameter,
lower stratum milk-white, consisting of loosely interwoven,
branching threads, and extending out beyond the pale-oliva-
ceous or yellowish, membranaceous hymenium so as to form

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY I47

a thin sub-fimbriate, white margin. Spores abundant, glo-
bose, with a single large nucleus, 4 to 6 /x diameter, slightly
colored.

The hymenium has only a slight tinge of olive and is per-
haps better described as light-drab color.
C. LEPTALEUM E. & E., Field Mus. Bot., i 1170 (1896).

Type habitat: On underside dead sapling Magnolia
Frascri, alt. 1,800 ft. April 11, 1895 (Nuttall, discov. 1803,
690).

Thin, closely adnate, grayish-white, pulverulent, soon
cracking into areas 2 to 3 mm. across, with margins incurved
so as to resemble the shallow cups of some Peziza. Spores
oblong, hyaline, continuous, 10 to 12 x 4 /x, borne on cyl-
indrical basidia 30 to 40 x 6 fx, with two stout sporophores.
There are also other smaller (immature) ? sporidia, globose
(4 to 6 /x) or elliptical, 5 to 7 x 3 to 3.5 fx. The membrane
on which the hymenium stands where exposed on the in-
curved margin of the pezizoid areas is pale brown.
C. Petersii B. & C.

On Betula sp. and Vitis sp., March 21, 1893 {Nuttall, 912).

C. COLLICULOSUM B. & C.

On dead logs in laurel thicket, Short Creek, Mav, 1893
{Nuttall, 1088).
C. prasinum B. & C.

On dead, burned log, Feb. 2, 1894 {Nuttall, 1382, 344).

C. LILACINO-FUSCUM B. & C.

On dead limb Hicoria sp.. Short Creek, alt. 1,800 ft.,
March 5, 1894 {Nuttall, 1403).
C. ochraceum Fr.

On underside dead log Tsuga .Canadensis, May 8, 1893
{Nuttall, 931).
C. INCARNATUM (Pers.) Fr.

On underside dead log and on Uhnns piihescens, April
18, 1893 {Nuttall, 923).
C. LiLAciNUM Schroet.

On firm wood of dead log, March 6, 1894, Short Creek.
alt. 1,800 ft. {Nuttall, 1427, 399).
C. SUBGIGANTEUM Berk.

On Hicoria ovata, Dec. 14, 1893. Spores 16 x 5 /x {Nutt-
all, 1312, 262).

C. MARTIANUM B. & C.

On underside of wet log, Dec. 16. 1893. When fresh, this
species is the color of fresh blood. Short Creek, alt. 1,800
ft. (A'w^^a//, 1324, 281).

C. SCUTELLARE B. & C.

On Magnolia Fraseri, Sanibucus Canadensis and Piniis
J^irginiana, Aug. 18. 1893 {Nuttall, 1176, 144).

148 Till': \Vi:ST \IUGIX1A FLORA

ASTEROSTOMA Massee.
A. coRTicoLUM Massee.

On wild vine Vitis sp., in pine woods, alt. 2,000 ft., Feb.
1893 (Niittall, 1000).
A. CERVicoLOR (B. & C.) Massee.

On bark of living- Qucrcus sp., Short Creek, alt. t,8oo
ft. (Niittall, 1325, 282).

PENIOPHORA Cooke.

P. ouERciNA (Fr.) Cooke.

On Castanea dcntata, Jan. 18, 1893 (NuttaU, 1346, 305)
P. ciNEREA (Fr.) Cooke.

On dead limb, March, 1893 (NuttaU, 945, 170).

CONIOPHORA DC.

C. ■ sp.

Near C. snbuicnihranacca, (B. & Br.). On Zea Mays,
Aug-. 10, 1895 (NuttaU, 1846, 737).
C. OLivACEA (Fr.) Karst.

In dark place underside old railroad ties, Nov. 5, 1894
(NuttaU, 1750, 631).

EXOBASIDIUM Woron.

E. Rhododendri Cram.

Forming "cups" near the tips or margins of living leaves
of Rhododendron, maximum. Common in Grant and Tucker
Counties. I understand from Prof. Peck that this is his
first knowledge of the occurrence of this species in North
America ( MiUspaiigh ) .

CLAVARIACEAE.

CLAVARIA Vaill.
C. amethystina Bull.

On ground, June 20, 1893 (NuttaU, 993).
C. pyxidata Pers.

On rotten log:, June 10, 1893 (NuttaU, 975).
C. FORMOSA Pers.

On ground in laurel thicket, and deep woods, alt. 2,ooct
ft., July 9, 1893. Spores 12.5 x S 1^ (NuttaU, 1085).
C. FLACCIDA Fr.

,On leaf mold, in deep woods. Grant Co., near Bayard
(MiUspaugh).
C. FUSTFORMis Sowcrb.

On low ground in open woods, alt. 2,000 ft., Julv 9, 1893
(NuttaU, 1086).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY I49

C. JUNCEA Fr.

On leaf mold in bottom of dead hollow stump. Oct.
28, 1893 {Nuttall, 1232, 179).
C. MuciDA Pers.

On upper side dead wet logs, Oct. 20, 1893 {Nuttall,
1231, 178).

CALOCERA Fr.
C. viscosA (Pers.) Fr.

On bark of Magnolia Fraseri, Short Creek, alt. 1,800 ft.,
Feb. 8, 1894. Spores 12.5 x 4 /u {Nuttall, 1387, 354).

LACHNOCLADIUM Lev.

L. SEMIVESTITUM B. & C.

On dead wet limbs, alt. 1,800 ft., Sept. 18, 1895. Three
to five inches high {Nuttall, 1867, 753).

AURICULARIA Bull.
A. Auricula (L.) Underw. {Hirneola Auriciila-Judae Berk.).
On damp sticks, June 15, 1893, Short Creek {Nuttall,

993)-

EXIDIA Fr.
E. GLANDULOSA (Bull) Fr.

On bark Juglaiis cincrca, alt. 2,000 ft., Feb. 20, 1893
{Nuttall, 946).
E. ALBA (Huds.) Bref.

On dead log, June 2t,, 1893 {Nuttall, 999).

ULOCOLLA Bref.
U. FOLiACEA (Pers.) Bref.

On dead twig, Nov. 10, 1893. Spores + 12.5 x 6 to 7 ,u
{Nuttall, 1281).

CRATEROCOLLA Brefeld.
{Ombrophila Quel.)
C. CLAvus (Cke.)

On decaying leaves and wood (Sheldon, 2979).

TREMELLA Dill.

T. FRONDOSA Fr.

On Rhododendron ina.viniiini, Dec. 16, 1893 {Nuttall,
1321).

T. AURANTIA Fr.

On bark Pinus Virginiana, alt. 2,000 ft., ]\Iarch 20, 1893
{Nuttall, 947).

T. INTUMESCENS Sm. ?

On dead limbs Hieoria sp., Short Creek, Dec. 16, 1893.
Spores 10 to 13 X 3 to 4 ix, curved {Nuttall, 1332).

150 THE WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

T. viRENS Schwein.

On dead branch Cornus florida, Aug-. 17, 1893 (Nuttall,
1 1 55). Spores mostly 7 x 5 jn or round 7 /x diameter.

NAEMATELIA Fr.
N. NUCLEATA (Schw.) Fr.

On Aralia spiiwsa, alt. 1,300 ft., Aug. 18, 1893 (^'nttall^
1 174, 142). On Magnolia Frascri.

DACRYOMYCES Nees.

D. sp.

Of this form Mr. J. B. Ellis says : "It seems to be a
Dacryomyces. I find the same thing here at Newfield, N. J.,
but have never been able to decide upon it, and though I have
sent it to various European mycologists, I have never re-
ceived a definite opinion from them." The form occurs on
oak limbs on ground, Dec. 1893 ; is of a bright orange-red
color, with curved spores 7.5 to 10 x 4 /x {Nuttall, 1271,
217.)

D. DELIQUESCENS ( Bull. ) Dub.

On underside d,ead rotten limb Pimis Strobus, Dec. 13,
1894 (Nuttall, 1770).
D. Syringae (Schum.) ?

On dead limbs of Platanus occidentalis, Nov. 10, 1895
{Nuttall, 1889).

D. STELLATUS NcCS.

On clean dead wood Tsuga Canadensis, Dec. 20, 1893
(Nuttall, 1331).
D. CORTICIOIDES Ell.

On decayed Tsuga Canadensis, Short Creek, alt. 1,750 ft.,
Dec. 16, 1893. Lemon yellow .25 cm. to 3.5 x 1.5 cm.
Spores hyaline, nucleate 9 to 12.5 x 5 to 7 /u, obliquely apicu-
late at one end (Nuttall, 13 16, 271).
D. MINOR Peck?

On Kalmia latifolia, Short Creek, alt. 1,800 ft., March,
1894. Spores 10 to 12 x 4 /x (Nuttall, 1532).

GUEPINIA Fr.
G. SPATHULARIA (Schw.) Fr.

On Quercus sp., Jan. i, 1894. Spores uniseptate 10 x 4 .u
(Nuttall, 1782).

HOROMYCES Bon.
H. FRAGiFORMis Cookc. HypsUophora fragiforuiis (Fr.) Lev.
On bark dead Fagus atropunicea, Grant Co., near Bayard
(Millspaugh). On dead wood, Mav 18, 1893 (Nuttall, 963.)

Lichenes.

U S N A C E AE .

RAMALINA Ach.

R. RiGiDA (Pers.) Tuck.

On trees, alt. 2,000 ft. {Nuttall, 1060).

R. CALCICARIS FASTIGIATA Fr.

On trees, alt. 2.000 ft. (Nuttall, 869).
R. MINIUSCULA Nyl.

On Acer sacchariiiniii, alt. 2,000 ft. (Nuttall, 1696).

CETRARIA Ach.
C. ciLiARis (Ach.) Tuck.

On Pinus Virginiana, alt. 1,800 ft. (Nuttall, 861).
C. LACUNOSA Ach.

On Pinus Virginiana, alt. 1,800 ft. (Nuttall, 1053).

C. AURESCENS Tuck.

On Rhododendron niaxiniuni, alt. 1,850 ft. (Nuttall, 1050).
C. ISLANDICA (L.) Ach. Reindeer Moss.

High barren places, Wood: near Nicollet (H. H. Smith).
C. Oakesiana .spinulosa Merrill ined.

On Picca riibcns (Sheldon, 3699), and on Kalniia latifolia
(3661).

USNEA Ach.

U. B AREATA (L.) Fr.

Wirt Co., on old trees, common. Burning Springs. Ran-
dolph Co., on Rhododendron maximum, common. Cheat
Bridge. Mercer Co., on oak twigs, Bluefield ; and elsewhere
about State, common on trees, rocks and old fence rails
(Millspaugh). On trees, alt. 2,000 ft. (Nuttall, 819).

U. BARBATA FLORIDA Fr.

Mercer Co., on oak chips and twigs among dead leaves at
Bluefield (Millspaugh). On trees, alt. 2.000 ft. (Nuttall,
859)-

U. TRICHODES Ach.

On spruce (Sheldon, 3693)..

THELOSCHISTES Norm.
T. PARiETiNUS (Linn) Norm.

On Robinia Pscudacacia. alt. 2.000 ft. (Nuttall, 1145).-

152 THE WRST NIRCHNIA FLORA

T. CONCOLOR (Dicks.) Tuck.

On Robiiiia Pscndacacia, alt. 2,000 ft. (Nuttall, 1144).
T. CONCOLOR EFFUSA Tuckcrm.

Summers: near Lowell (Pollard & Maxon, 150).

EVERNIA Ach.
E. FURFURACEA (L.) Mann.

On rock; on trunks of trees {Sheldon, 2486, 1544, 3861).

P A R M E L I A C E AE.

PARMELIA Ach.

P. PERLATA (Linn.) Ach.

On Acer rubnim, and on sandstone boulders (Nuttall,
848).
P. BoRRERi Turn.

On Oak, alt. 1,850 ft. (Nuttall, 1032).

P. BORRERI RUDECTA Tuck.

On Robinia Pseudacacia, Monongalia Co., along Falling
Run (Mills paugh, 1531).
P. coLPODES (Ach.) Nyl.

On Oak, alt. 1,850 ft. (Nuttall, 1141).
P. OLIVACEA (L.) Ach.

On Liriodendron log newly felled, Monongalia Co.. Falling
Run (Millspaugh, 1343).

P. CAPERATA (L.) Ach.

Monongalia Co., on sandstone rocks, and base of Beech,
Falling Run { Millspaugh, 1283).

P. CETRATA Ach. ?

Sterile, but probably referable to this species. Summers'
near Lowell (Pollard & Maxon, 146).
P. TiLiACEA (Hoffm.) Elk.

Summers: near Lowell (Pollard & Maxon, 151).
P. piiysoDES (L.) Ach.

On the bark of various trees (Sheldon, 1532, 3456, 3663,
3668) ; on roof of shed, (3056).
P. coNSPERSA (Ehrh.) Ach.

On a rock (Sheldon, 2160).
P. 0Li\'ARTA (Ach.) Hue.

On rock (Sheldon, 3344).

P. EXASPERATA (Ach.) DcNot.

On bark of Pruuus serotina (Sheldon, 3735).
P. RUDECTA Ach.

On bark of Red Oak (Sheldon, 3946).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 1 53

PHYSCIACEAE.
PYXINE Nyl.

P. SOREDIATA Fr.

On trunk of Ash {Slicldo>i, 3690).

PHYSCIA DC.
P. LUCOMELA (L.) Michx.

Mercer Co., with moss on wet Hmestone ledge, Beaver
Spring (Millspaugh, 1539).
P. ciLiARis (Linn.) DC.

On mossy sandstone rocks {Nutiall, 1063).
P. CILIARIS CRiNALis Schjer.

On moss, ah. 1,850 ft. [Nut tall, 1042).
P. AQUiLA (Ach.) Nyl.

On rocks and on moss (Nuttall, 1035).
P. STELLARis (Linn.) Tuck.

On standstone rock {Nuttall, 872).

P. STELLARIS AIPOLIA Nyl.

On sandstone rock (Nuttall, 1778).
P. LEUCOMELAENA (L.) Wain.

On bark (Sheldon, 3701).
P. sPECiosA (Wulf.) Nyl.

On a tree trunk with mosses (Sheldon, 3696).
P. COMOSA (Eschw.) Nyl.

On Red Cedar twigs (Sheldon, 2722).

U M B I L I C A R I A C AE.

UMBILICARIA Hoffm.
U. DiLLENii Tuck.

On sandstone rocks (Nuttall, 823).
U. Pennsylvanica Hoffm.

On sandstone rocks (Nuttall, 849).
U. PUSTULATA (Linn.) Hoffm.

On faces of sandstone cliffs (Nuttall, 855).
U. PAPULOSA (L.) Hoffm.

On rock (Sheldon, 2491).
U. Muhlenbergii (L.) Hoffm.

On rocks at the summit of White Top Mountain (Sheldon,
2480).

P E L T I G E R A C E AE.

LOBARIA Hue.
L. AMPLissiMA (Scop.) Am.

On trunks of various trees (Sheldon, 1300, 2470, 3451,
3702, 3963).

154 tiil: wiisr \ikgima flora

STICTA Schreb.

S. CROCATA (L.) Acll.

On bark {Sheldon, 3709).

S. HERBACEA (Huds.) Ach.

McDowell Co., on oaks, Elkhorn {Millspaitgh) .
S. EROSA (Eschw.) Tuck.

On trees, alt. 1,850 ft. {Nutfall, 982).

S. PULMONARIA (L.) Ach.

Wirt Co., on trunks of oaks, near Burning- Springs (Mills-
paugh, 327). On trees, alt. 1,875 ft. (Nnttall, 824).
S. QUERCizANS (Michx.) Ach.

On trees and rocks {Nuttall, 1057).

PELTIGERA Willd.

P. POLYDACTYLA (Ncck.) Hoffm.

On soil (Sheldon, 649, 1150, 1455, 1543, 2578).
P. APHTHCSA (K.) Hofifm.

Monongalia Co., on rock ledge, near Cassville (Mills-
paitgh). On rocks among mosses, alt. 1,800 ft. (Nuttall,
1090).
P. sp. nan fruct.

On Rhododendron maximum (Nuttall, 938).
P. HORizoNTALis (Linn.) Hoffm.

On rocks among mosses, alt. 1,875 ^^- (Nuttall, 1091).
P. CANiNA (Linn.) Hofifm.

On earth, rocks and trees (Nuttall, 1061.)

NEPHROMA Ach.
N. Helveticum Ach.

On rocks (Sheldon, 2721, 2991, 4067).

P A N N A R I A C E AE.

PANNARIA Delis.
P. RUBiGiNOSA (Thunb.) Delis.

On mossy logs (Nuttall, 1055).

P. LEUCOSTICTA Tuck.

On mossy logs and rocks (Nuttall, 1064).
P. NIGRA (Hud'^3.) Nyl.

On sandstone rocks (Nuttall, 1077).

C O L L E M A C E AE.

PHYSMA Zahlbr.
P. LURiDUM Mont.

On bark (Sheldon, 3685, 3698).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 155

COLLEMA Hoffm.

C. MYOCHROUM Nyl.

On Rhododendron iiia.viniuiii, alt. 1,875 ^t. (Nitttall, 1058)

C. FLACCIDUM Ach.

On a ledge (Sheldon, 3398).

LEPTOGIUAI Fr.
L. PULCHELLUM (Acli.) Nyl.

On oak (Nuttall, 1067).
L. TREMELLoiDES (Linn, f.) Fr,

On sandstone rock (Nuttall, 1093).

L. CHLOROMELUM STELLANS Tuck.

On Quercus coccinea. alt. 2,400 ft. (Nuttall, 1146).
LECANORACEAE.

PLACODIUM DC.
P. ELEGANS (Link.) D.C.

On sandstone boulders at base of cliffs, alt. 1,800 ft. (Nutt-
all, 862).
P. CERiNUM (Hedw.) Naeg. & Hepp.

Monogalia Co., on bark of I'.eech, Falling- Run (Mills-
paugh, 1357). On Rohinia Pseudaeacia, alt. 2,000 ft. (Nutt-
all, 1030).

P. FERRUGINEUM (Huds.) Hepp.

On top of wet sandstone rock (Nuttall, 1092).

P. CAMPTIDIUM Tuck.

On trees (Nuttall, 1786).
P. RUPESTRE (Scop.) Br. & Rostr.

Fayette: near Quinnimont {Pollard & Mason, 155).

P. CINNABARINUM (Ach.) Aug.

On rock (Sheldon, 2288).

LECANORA Ach.

L. COARCTATA Ach.

On pieces of sandstone under drip of wet cliff', alt. 1,800 ft.
(Nuttall, 1780).
L. suBFUSCA (Linn.) Ach.

On trees and rocks (Nuttall, 1038).
L. ATRA (Huds.) Ach.

Monongalia Co., on bark Liriodendron log, newly felled,
Falling Run (Millspaugh, 1342). On flat exposed surface
sandstone rock, same locality (1287).
L. DEPLANANS Nyl., Bot. Gaz., 22:334, (1896).

Thallus glauco-cinerascens tenuis areolato-rimosus deter-
minatus; apothecia badio-rufescens (satis diluta) innata sub-

156 THE WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

concaviuscula, latit. 0.5-0.7 mm ; spora ellipsoidea, lono^.
o. 015-16, crass. 0.009-1. 010 mm; epithecium inspersum. In
loto gelatina hymenialis fulvo-rubescens.

Videtur species e stirpe Lccanora ccrvina, spermatiis ellip-
soideis.

On rocks in bed of creek. Fayette: Short Creek, alt. 1,300
ft. (L. W. Nuttall coll. no 1126).
L. VARiA (Ehrh.) Nyl.

On trees {Nuttall, 1036).
L. FALLESCENS (Linn.) Schaer.

On trees and fence rails {Nuttall, 937).
L. TARTAREA (Linn.) Ach.

On sandstone rocks {Nuttall, 886).
L. CERViNA (Pers.) Nyl.

The light colored form on wet rocks ; the dark form on
dry rocks {Nuttall, 854).
L. PRiviGNxA (Ach.) Nyl.

On sandstone rocks {Nuttall, 1028).

L. MURALIS VERSICOLOR Fr.

On limestone rocks {Sheldon, 2654).
L. PALLIDA (Schreb.) Schser.

On bark {Sheldon, 3790).

RINODINA Mass.
R. OREiNA (Ach.) Mass.

On sandstone rocks at base of cliff, alt. 1,800 ft. [Nuttall,
952).
R. soPHODES (Ach.) Nyl.

On small sandstone rocks {Nuttall, 1072).

PERTUSARIA DC.
P. VELATA (Turn.) Nyl.

On Magnolia Fraseri and other trees {Nuttall, 1044).
P. MULTIPUNCTA (Tum.) Nyl.

On sandstone rocks in bed of creek {Nuttall, 1043).
P. LEiopLACA (Ach.) Schser.

On Oak {Nuttall, 1041).
P. PUSTULATA (Ach.) Nyl.

On trees {Nuttall, 853).

P. CORALLINA (L.) Fr.

Fayette: near Quinnimont {Pollard & Maxon, 140).

THELOTREMA Ach.
T. SUBTILE Tuck.

On trees {Nuttall, 1056).

WEST \-IRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURN'EY 1^7

MYRIANGIUM Alont. & Berk.
A'l. DuRiAEi (Mont. & Berk.) Tuck.
On dead bush (Niittall, 1062).

C L A D O N I A C E AE.

EPHEBE E. Fr.
E. LANATA (L.) Wain. (E. piibcscriis Fr.).

On rocks in a rill (Sheldon, 3940).

CLADOMA Hofifm.

C. MITRULA Tuck.

Monongalia Co., on an old Beech log, Falling Run (Mills-
paugh, 1346).
C. CARiosA (Ach.) Spreng.

On earth, Fayette Co. (Xiitfali, 1066).
C. PYXIDATA (L.) Fr.

Monongalia Co., along Falling Run, on bare sandstone
rocks (Millspaugh, 1281) ; on moss in clay soil (Millspaiigh,
1285) ; on decayed log (Millspaiigh, 1338) ; base of Beech in
soil (Millspaugh, 1282) ; on earth (Nnttall, 1031).
C. FiMBRiATA (Liuu.) Fr.

On an old log, Fayette Co. (Nnttall, 1059).

C. FIMBRIATA TUBAEFORMIS Fr.

On an old log (Nnttall, 1059).
C. GRACILIS (L.) Nyl.

Monongalia Co., along Falling Run, on decayed log {Mills-
paugh, 1337; among mosses on clay soil (Millspaugh, 1286).

C. VERTICILLATA Hoffm.

On soil (Sheldon, 2464, 3027).
C. cocciFERA PLEUROTA (Fckl.) Schscr.

On a ledge (Sheldon, 4108).
C. DEFORAiis (L.) Hoffm.

On soil (Bowers, 2500).
C. POLYCARPA EPiPHY'LLA iMcrrill iued.

On a ledge (Sheldon, 4060).
C. STREPSiLis (Ach.) Wain.

On soil (Sheldon, 2427).
C. suBCARiosA (Nyl.) Wain.

On soil (Sheldon, 1298, 1299, 231 1, 2785, 1990).
C. SYL\-ATicA LAxiuscuLA Wain.

On soil (Sheldon, 3682).
C. TURGiDA (Ehrh.) Hoffm.

Growing with Polytrichuni commune (Sheldon, 1558).
C. UNCiALis (L.) Web.

On soil (Sheldon, 1231).

158 TlUi WEST \TRGTNIA FLORA

C. GRACILIS VERTICILLATA Fr.

On earth {Nuttall, 885).
C. SOBOLESCENS Nyl.

On earth (Nut tall, 839).
C. PAPiLLARiA (Ehrh.) Hoffm.

On earth (Nuttall, 1068).
C. DELicATA (Ehrh.) PL

On top of stump (Nuttall, 1065).
C. CAESPiTiciA (Pers.) Fl.

On sandstone rocks {Nuttall, 1075).

C. FURCATA RACEMOSA Floerk.

MonongaHa Co., large patches on ground under chestnuts,
at Dille's ; Mercer Co., same growth under oaks, near Beaver
Spring (Millspaitgh) on earth (Nuttall, 1045).

C. RANGIFERINA (L.), Hoffm.

Monongaha Co., on moss, Falling Run (Millspaugh,
1361) ; on earth, rocks and fence rails (Nuttall, 825).
C. MAciLENTA (Ehrh.) Hoffm.

On rotten logs (Nuttall, 1070).
C. PULCHELLA Schwein.

On dead wood (Nuttall, 838).

C. CRISTATELLA Tuck.

Monongalia Co., on an old decayed log, Falling Run
( Millspaugh, 1 336) .

C. SYLVESTRIS L.

On the mountain between Barrenshe Creek and Dry Fork,
McDowell Co.,. alt. 1,700 ft., Aug. 6, 1900 (Morris, 11 63).
C. SQUAMOSA (Scop.) Hoffm.

Fayette: near Ouinnimont (Pollard & Maxon, 143). On
a ledge (Sheldon 4107), on a decaying log (2313, 3386), on
soil (2482, 3345, 351 1 ).

C. SQUAMOSA DENTICOLLIS (Hoffm.) Flk.

Fayette: near Ouinnimont (Pollard & Maxon, 136).

L E C I D A C E AE.

BAEOMYCES Pers.
B. ROSEus Pers.

On ground (Nuttall, 873).

B. AERUGINOSUS (Scop.) DC.

Sheldon on rock (2.489), on decaying stump (2468), on
black spruce bark (2472).

BIATORA Fr.
B. RussuLA (Ach.) Mont.

On bark of tree (Nuttall, 1046).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 159

B. VARIANS (Ach.) Tuck.

On bark of tree (Nuttall, 978).
B. ULiGiNOSA (Schrad.) Fr.

On rotten stumps (Nuttall, 1054).

B. FULIGINOSA Ach.

On ground (Nuttall, 1089).
B. ScHWEiNiTZii Tuck.

On Rhododendron maximum {Nuttall, 1052).
B. RUBELLA (Ehrh.) Rab.

On mossy trunk of tree {Nuttall, 1029).
B. VERNALIS (L.) Fr.

Sheldon on Birch bark (2475), on Picea rubens (3741),
among mosses on a ledge (4059).
B. ATROGRiSEA (Deli.) Heff. ?

On bark of Magnolia acnmiiiata {Sheldon, 3754).
B. Laureri Hepp.

On bark of Beech {Sheldon, 2466).
B. RussELLii Tuck.

On limestone ledge {Sheldon, 2652).
B. HYPNOPHiLA Turn.

On moss {Sheldon, 3962).
B. GRANULOSA (Ehrh.) Poetsch.

On soil {Sheldon, 2579).

B. INUNDATA Fr.

On sandstone rock {Nuttall, 1074).

B. suFFUSA Fr.

On bark of tree { Nuttall, 1095).

COENOGONIUM Ehrbg.

C. INTERPOSITUM Nyl.

Growing with thallus of Cladonia. Fayette : near Quinni-
mont {Pollard & Maxon, 141, sterile.)

LECIDEA Ach.

L. Tennesseensis Nyl.

On sandstone rock (Nuttall, 1073).

L. FULIGINEA Ach.

On upper side of dead log- (Nuttall, 1787).
L. NuTTALLii Calk & Nyl, Bot. Gaz., 22:334. (1896.)

Apothecia nigra parva ; epithecium impressum ; spora fusca
oviformis i-septata, long. o. 014-16, crass. 0.005-6 mm.; hy-
pothecium fuscum. In toto gelatina hymenialis vinose ru-
bescens.

l6o THE WEST \TRGIXIA FLORA

Super thallum Ricasolia sitblaez'is Nvl. Fayette : near
Nuttallbnrg (L. IV. Nuttall coll. no. 1781).
L. ViRGiNiENSis Calk. & Nyl., Bot. Gaz., 22:333, (1896).

Thallus glaucescens tenuis Irevigatus rimulosus citrino-
flavus ; apothecia fusca aut nigra convexiuscula immarginata
latit. circ. 0.5 mm., intus medio sordida ; spora oblonga in-
coloris, long. 0.009-0.012, crass. 0.004-6 mm.; epithecium et
pars media hypothecii dilute fuscescens. In toto gelatina
hymenialis coerulescens, dein theca vinose rubescens.

E stirpe videtur Lccidca saiit^iiinco-afra, prope Lccidcam
dclincatani Nyl.

On sandstone rock under the drip of a wet cliff. Fayette :
near Nuttallburg (L. W. Nuttall coll. no. 1779).
L. ERICINA Nyl.

Bark of trees {Nuttall, 1047).

L. PLATYCARPA STERIZA (Ach.) Nyl.

On a rock (Sheldon, 4030).
L. SPEIREA Ach.

Fayette: near Ouinnimont (Pollard & Maxon, 134).
L. ALBOCOERULESCENS (Wulf.) Schjer.

Fayette: near Ouinnimont (Pollard & Maxon, 138).

L. CRUSTULATA Ach.

On stones (Sheldon, 4058).

BUELLIA DeNot.

B. MYRiocARPA (DC.) Mudd.

On bark of trees (Nuttall, 1185).

B. PETRAEA (Fl.) Tuck.

On sandstone rocks (Nuttall, 1071).
B. COLLUDENS Nyl.

On sandstone (Shcldou, 2289).

G R A P H I D A C E AE.

OPEGRAPHA Humb.

O. VARiA (Pers.) Fr.

Bark of trees (Nuttall, 1034).
O. ATRA Pers.

Bark of trees (Nuttall, 1033).
O. MiNUTULA Merrill ined.

On sandstone ledge (SJieldou, 39S7).

WEST X'IRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY l6l

GRAPHIS Ach.

G. scRiPTA (Linn.) Ach.

On bark of trees (Nut tall, 1051).
G. SCRIPTA RECTA Schser.

On bark of Bctiila intra and of B. Icnta (Niittall, 1026).
G. ELEGANS (Sm.) Ach.

On bark of trees, Fayette Co. {Nnttall, 1039).

G. DENDRITICA Ach.

On bark of Bctii'ia Icnta, etc. (Xnttall, 1037).
ARTHONIA Ach. ■

A. CINNABARINA Wahr.

Bark of tree (NttttaU, 939).
A. ALEUROMELA NvL, Bot. Gaz., 22:334. (1896.)

Thalkis albus subfarinaceus chrysogonidicus tenuissimus ;
apothecia subrotundata vel oblonga, prominula. latit. 0.4-0.5
mm.; spora oblongo-oviformis parte inferiore attenuata,
i-septata, long, o.oio-ii, crass. 0.003 "'"^''- ^^^ ^^to gelatina
hymeniahs coerulescens, dein obscurata.

Thalkis detritus subaureus, CaCl vix reagens. Gonidia
chroolepoidea fulvescentia.

On bark of Qncrcns sp. Fayette: near Nuttallburg, alt.
2,000 ft. (L. W. Nnttall, coll. no. 1182).
A. DiSPERSA (Schrad.) Nyl.

On bark of young Tsnga Canadensis, etc. (Nnttall, 1142).

A. ASTROIDEA Ach.

On bark of Liriodcndron Tnlipifcra (Nnttall, 1816).

A. FUNCTIFORMIS Ach.

On bark (Nnttall 1076).
A. TAEDiosA (Nyl.) Fr.

On bark '(Nnttall, 1069).

A. SPECTABILIS Fl.

On bark (Nnttall, 1025).

AGYRIUM Fr.

A. RUFUM (Pers.) Fr.

On smooth dead wood (Nnttall, 1814).

C A L I CI A C E AE.

CALICIUM Pers.
C. SUBTILE Fr.

On sticks, dead leaves, etc., under cliff (N^nttall, 1226).
C. TiGiLLARE (B. & Br.) Sacc.

On Pnlyporns pcrganicnns. Aug. 2^,, 1893 (Nnttall, 1159).

l62 THE W1':ST \1KGINIA FLORA

V E R R U C A R I A C E AE.

VERRUCARIA Th. Fr.
V. FUSCELLA (Turn.) Ach.

Summers: near Lowell (Pollard & Maxon, 154).

ENDOCARPON Hedw.
E. MiNiATUM (Linn.) Schser.

On wet cliffs {Nuttall, 1049).

E. MINIATUM MUHGLENBERGII Schaer.

On rocks {Sheldon, 1595).
E. MINIATUM coMPLicATUM vSchser.
On wet cliffs {Nuttall, 1823).

TRYPETHELIACE AE.

TRYPETHELIUM Spreng.
T. VTRENS Tuck.

On Ilex opaca {Nuttall, 1040).

T. EXOCANTIIUM' Tuck.

On Fagus atropxinicca {Nnitall, 1181).
P Y R E N U L A C E AE.
PYRENULA Ach.

P. RHYPONTA Ach.

On bark of Hamauiclis Virginica {Nuttall, 1184).
P. NITIDA Ach.

On Betula lenta bark {Nuttall, 1027).

P. PACFIYCHEILA Tuck.

On bark of Fagus atropunicea {Nuttall, 1048).
P. FUNCTELLA (Nyl.) Williams. {Vcrrucaria punctclla Nyl).
Summers: near Lowell {Pollard & Maxon, 156).

P. GLABRATA (Ach.) MaSS.

On bark {Sheldon, 3791, not fully characteristic).

Hepaticae.

R I C C 1 A C E AE.

RICCIA Linn.
R. CANALicuLATA Hoffm. (RiccicUa Huitans A. Br.).

The sterile, water form (syn. above). Sandy soil along
edge of brook, Monongalia, near Ceredo, and on edge of
small pond, near Morgantown (Sheldon, 3897, 3928).

M A R C H A N T I A C E AE.

REBOULIA Raddi.

R. — — — sp. ?

A sterile specimen on earth and rock, Monongalia, near
Warntown (Sheldon, 3631).

CONOCEPHALUS Neck.
C. coNicus (Corda) Schififn. (Conocephaluin conicuni Dum.).
Monongalia : on ground and sandstone boulders in deep
woods at Tibbs Run (Millspaugh, 1672) ; on rocks beside a
stream near Randall, same situation north of Morgantown
and on University Campus below Falling Run (Sheldon,
177, 1308) ; also at Coopers Rock (Post, 1669).

LUNULARIA Adans.
L. CRUCiATA (L.) Dum.

In a greenhouse, Monongalia: at Morgantown (Sheldon.
2941).

MARCHANTIA (L.) Raddi.
M. FOLYMORPHA Linn.

In various situations, Monongalia : near Morgantown, be-
tween bricks of sidewalk (Millspaugh), on brick wall in
Experiment Station greenhouse (Sheldon, 537) ; among
damp mosses base of sandstone boulder, Tibbs Run (Mills-
paugh), on earth near the mouth of a coal mine at Richards
(Sheldon) . Preston: around the edge of a lime pile at Pis-
gah, on earth in spruce swamp near Cranesville (Sheldon,
1531, 1462). Gilmer: near Glenville (Mapel). Fayette*
near Nuttallburg (Nuftall). Randolph: on ground in a
burned place at the summit of Point Mountain ; Grant : in a

164 THE WEST \TR(1IXIA ELORA

similar situation near Bayard ; Tucker : in a burning- near
Blackwater Falls (Millspaiigh).

J U N G E R M A N N I A G E A E.

(Anacrogyuac.)

RIGGARDIA S. F. Gray.

R. LATiFRONS Lindb.

Monongalia, a few plants growing witb Scapania ncmo-
rosa on the north side of a bank at Sabraton (Sheldon,
2302).
R. MULTiFiDA (L.) S. F. Gray. {Anciira iiiultiijda Dum.).

Grant: on wet bark and wet decorticated wood in a deep
wooded ravine near Bayard {Mills paugh, 2070).
R. piNGUis (L.) S. F. Gray.

Fayette: near Xuttallburg (XuttaU).

METZGERIA Raddi.

M. coNjUGATA Lindb.

McDowell: on bark of Beech, near Elkhorn (MUlspaugJi.
1513). Monongalia: on bark of twig near Morgantown
(Millspaugh, 1671), and at Tibbs Run (Andrezvs). Ran-
dolph : with mosses on tree trunks near Gheat Bridge (Shel-
don, 2531). Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nutfall).
M. CRASSiPiLis (Lindb.) Evans.

Pocahontas : on various tree trunks at Warntown, Seebert
and Granberry Glades (Slieldon, 3641, 3619, 3694).

PALLAVIGINTA (S. F. G.) Steph.

P. Lyellii (Hook.) S. F. Gray.

Preston : on earth and logs among mosses near Granes-
ville (Sheldon, 3484).

PELLIA Raddi.

P. EPiPHYLLA (L.) Gorda.

Randolph: on clay near a spring at Pickens (Millspaugh,
221 1 ), and between stones on a roadside near Gheat Briclge
(Sheldon, 2523). Monongalia: on earth and rocks near a
spring at Morgantown (Sheldon, 768, 1280).
P. Farroniana Raddi.

Wayne : on bank of small stream near Geredo (Shel-
don, 3899).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 165

FOSSOMBRONIA Raddi.
F. WoNDRACZECKii (Corda) Dum.

Monongalia: on earth near Morgantown {Sheldon, 2764,
3190. 3919)-

(Acrogynae.)

MARSUPELLA Dum.
M. EMARGiNATA (Ehrli.) Dum.

Randolph : on clay bank of a small spring at Pickens
{Millspaugh), Preston: at Masontown {Andrew's).

NARDIA S. F. Gray.
N. CRENULATA (Smith) Lindb.

Monongalia: at a springy place near Easton (Andre-cvis).
Randolph : growing with Pellia epiphylla at Cheat Bridge
(Sheldon).
N. CRENULiFOKMis (Aust.) Lindb.

Monongalia : a few specimens from rocks in Tibbs Run
(Andrezvs) .

SOLENOSTOMA Mitten.
S. LANCEOLATA (L.) Steph. { J linger uiamiia lanceolata L.).

Monongalia: on rocks in Tibbs Run (Andreics).

APLOZIA Dum.

A. AUTUMNALis (DC.) Schiffn. (Jainesoniella DC, Jnngerman-

nia Schraderi Mart).

Monongalia: at Tibbs Run {Andrews) . Randolph: on de-
caying logs near Cheat Bridge {Sheldon. 2517). Fayette:
near Quinnimont {Pollard & Maxon, 113).

JUNGERMANNIA Auth?
J. PUMILA With.

Greenbrier : on log in river at Durbin.

LOPHOZIA Dum.
L. Marchica (Nees.) Steph.

Monongalia : in a wet place on roadside near Easton ( An-
drezvs) .
L. VENTRicosA (Dicks.) Dum.

Alonongalia : on ledge near Coopers Rock {Sheldon. 3024).

BLEPHAROSTOMA Lindb.

B. TRICHOPHYLLUM ( L. ) Dum.

]\Ionongalia : on ground and sandstone boulder in deep
woods at Tibbs Run {Millspaugh, 1665, Andrezvs).

lC)6 THE WEST \IRGI-\IA FLORA

PLAGIOCHILA Dnni.

P. SuLLivANTii Gottsche.

Monongalia: on earth in vicinity of Quarry Run (.-i/i-
P. PORELLOiD^s Lindb.

Monongalia : on sandstone boulder in Tibbs Run, Grant,
in a deep ravine on wet stones and sand near Bayard (Mills-
paiigh, 1700, 2000, 2050, 2041).
P. viRGiNicA Evans, in Millsp. Prel. Cat. Flora, W. Va., 497

Growing in wide, depressed, and intricate tufts ; stems
ascending from a prostrate caudex, simple or sparingly
branched, sometimes geniculate and rooting at the joints,
otherwise eradiculose ; leaves contiguous or somewhat im-
bricated, widely patent, ovate or rhomboid-ovate, the dorsal
margin decurrent, slightly reflexed, entire, the ventral mar-
gin plane or reflexed at base, mostly entire, the apex broad,
rounded or truncate, sharply and irregularly spinulose ; am-
phigastria none.

Stems I to 3 cm. long, with the leaves i to 2 mm. wide ;
leaves 1.2 mm. long, 0.7 mm. wide; spines short, acute,
separated by rounded sinuses, varying in number from 2 to
3 on each leaf, usually 4 or 5 ; leaf-cells averaging 0.023
mm. in diameter in middle of leaf, thin-walled and scarcely
thickened at the angles.

Mercer : on walls of dry limestone cave, Beaver Spring'
( Millspaugh , 1550).

CHILOCYPHUS Corda.
C. PALLESCENS (Ehrh.) Dum.

Preston: near Albright, on decaying log {Sheldon, 3373).
C. POLYANTHUS (L.) Corda.

Pocahontas : on decaying leaves and grass in Cranberry
Glades (Sheldon, 3846); and Greenbrier: on decaying log
at Durbm (3766).

LOPHOCOLEA Dum.

L. BIDENTATA (L.) Dum.

Monongalia: on mossy rocks by Quarry Run (AndrcTcs).
L. HETEROPHYLLA (Schrad.) Dum.

^Tonongalia : on earth near Easton (Andrews), and at
Morgantown (Sheldon, 2846). Taylor: on rocks and earth
at Fettermann (Sheldon, 2535).
L. MINOR Nees.

Wayne: on rocks and earth near Ceredo (Sheldon, 3895).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 1 67

t

HARPANTHUS Nees.
H. scuTATUs (Web. & Mohr) Spruce.

Monong-alia : on ground and sandstone boulder in deep
woods at Tibbs Run, and Grant: on damp dead bark near
Bayard {Mills paugh, 1670; 2020, 2031).

SACCOGYNA Dum.

S. GRAVEOLENs (Schrad.) Lindb. {Gcocalyx gravcolcns Nees.)
Monongalia: on ground and sandstone boulders in deep
woods at Tibbs Run (Alillspaugh, 1667; Andrczv^s).

CEPHALOZIA Dum.

C. SERRIFLORA Liudb.

Monongalia: on rotten wood near Tibbs Run (Aiidrezvs)

C. LUNULAEFOLIA Dum.

Randolph: on decaying log at Cheat Bridge (Sheldon).
C. ViRGiNiANA Spruce.

Fayette: near Ouinnimont (Pollard & Ma.vou, 115a).
C. MULTiFLORA Spruce.

Monongalia: on ground and sandstone boulder in deep
woods at Tibbs Run, and on wet hemlock log ; Grant : near
Bayard {Millspangh, 1662, 2080).

NOWELLIA Mitt.
N. cuR\iFOLiA (Dicks.) Mitt. iCephalosia curvifolia Dum.).
r\Ionongalia : on sandstone boulder in deep woods at Tibbs
Run, and Grant : on wet dead bark in deep woods near Bay-
ard {Millspangh, 1663, 2021). Fayette: near Nuttallburg
{Niittall); near Ouinnimont {Pollard & Maxon, 115).
Monongalia: on decaying wood at Tibbs Run {An'dretvs).
Upshur: on decaying log at French Creek, and in same
situation in Randolph: at Cheat Bridge {Sheldon 200=;,
2532).

SPHENOLOBUS Lindb.
S. EXSE^TUS Steph. {J linger mannia exsecta Schmid.).

Grant: on wet hendock log in deep wooded ravine {Mills-
paugh, 2012).
S. MicHAuxii (Web.) Steph.

Monongalia: on vertical rocks at Cheat \'iew {Andrczvs).
S. MiNUTUS (Crantz) Steph.

Monongalia : on ledge near Coopers Rock (Sheldon, 3023).

PRIONOLOBUS Spruce.
P. Hellerianus (Nees) Schiffn.

Pocahontas: on decaving log at Cranberrv Glades {Shel-
don, 3688).

1 68 THE WEST VIRGINIA ELORA

ODONTOSCHISMA Dum.

O. PROSTRATUM (Swartz) Trevis. (O. spliagiiiDum. in Flora).
Monongalia : among mosses on sandstone boulder in deep
woods at Tibbs Run {Millspaiigh, 1664; Andrcivs). Fay-
ette: near Nuttallburg (Nutfall).
O. DENUDATUM (Mart.) Dum.

Monongalia : decaying stumps and logs by Tibbs Run
(Andrezirs) .

KANTIA S. F. Gray.

K. TRicHOMANis(L.)S. F. Gray. {Calypogcia tvichomanis Corda).
Tucker: on wet logs near Blackwater Falls {Millspaiigh,
993). Monongalia : on wet ground and on sandstone boulder
in deep woods at Tibbs Run {Millspaiigh, 1599, 1666), and
on earth near Morgantown {Sheldon, 2765). Randolph:
on damp sand near Pickens {Millspaiigh, 2207). Green-
brier: on earth at Fort Spring {Sheldon, 2728).

BAZZANIA S. F. Gray.

B. DEFLEXA (Mart.) Underwood.

Monongalia : on sandstone boulder in deep woods at Tibbs
Run {Millspaiigh, 1661).

B. TRiLOBATA (L.) S. F. Gray.

Monongalia : on bole of tree and in wet depressions in
sandstone boulder in deep woods at Tibbs Run {Millspaiigh,
1630, 1640; Sheldon, 630) ; and on rocks among mosses at
Dellslow (Sheldon, 2282). Grant: on wet Hemlock log near
Bayard {Millspaiigh, 2010). Fayette: in deep woods near
Nuttallburg {Niittall). Randolph: abundant on earth and
decaying logs at Cheat Bridge, and Preston : near Cranes-
ville {Sheldon, 2534, 1565).

B. TRIANGULARIS (Schl.) Liudb.

Monongalia : on rocks by a brook near Tibbs Run (An-
dreivs). Randolph: on decaying logs at Cheat Bridge
{Sheldon, 2518).

LEPIDOZIA Dum.
Iv. SYLVATiCA Evans.

Monongalia: on ground near Tibbs Run (Andrezvs).
L. REPTANS (L.) Dum.

Greenbrier : growing on earth near Durbin {Sheldon,
3788).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY i6q

HERBERTIA S. F. Gray.
H. ADUNCA (Dicks.) S. F. Gray.

Alonongalia : on sandstone boulder in deep woods at Tibbs
Run (Mills patigh, 1659).

PTILIDIUAI Nees.
P. PULCHERRiAiuM (Web.) Hampe.

Preston: on decaying log near Cranesville; Monongalia:
on a fence rail near Morgantown, and Randolph: at Cheat
Bridge {Sheldon, 1536, 2830, 2515, 2520, 2521).

TRICHOCOLEA Dum.
T. TOMENTELLA (Ehrh.) Dum.

^IcDowell: on roots in a rill near Elkhorn (Millspaui^h,
1522a). Grant: on wet sand in a deep ravine near Bayard
(Millspaitgh, 2040). Monongalia: on rocks in Tibbs Run
(Andrezvs) .

DIPLOPHYLLUM Dum.
D. TAxiFOLiuM (Wahl.) Dum. {Diplophylkia ta.vifoliaTrey.).
Monongalia : on sandstone boulder in deep woods at Tibbs
Run {J\I ills pail gh, 1669).

SCAPANT\ Dum.

S. NEMOROSA (L.) Dum.

Monongalia: on damp sandstone boulder in deep woods
at Tibbs Run (Millspaugh, 1668), and on north side of a
bank at Sabraton (Sheldon, 2318). Randolph: on clay near
a sprnig at Pickens ( Millspaugh, 2212), and on rocks in
a stream at Cheat Bridge (Sheldon, 2516). Grant: on wet
hemlocklog in deep woods near Bayard (Millspaugh, 2011).
Greenbrier: on rocks along stream at Fort Spring/ and on
limestone ledge at Durbin (Sheldon, 2726, 2526)

S. UNDULATA (L.) Dum.

Randolph: on clay at the marge of a spring at Pickens
(Millspaugh). Preston: on stones in a brook by the road-
side between Cranesville and Albright, and on stones in a
spring at Cranesville (Sheldon, i5i"2, 1524).

RADULA Nees.
R. Xalapensis Mont.

Mercer: on face of a limestone cliff at Beaver Sprino-
(Mills pa ugh, 1551).
R. tenax Lindb.

Monongalia : on sandstone boulder in deep woods at Tibbs
Run (Millspaugh, 1657). Grant: on bark of living Cherrv
near Bayard (.Millspaugh, 2060).

I/O THE WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

STEPHANIA Kuntze.

S. coMPLANATA (L.) Kuntze. (Radida coiiiplanata Diim.).

Randolph: on tree trunk at Cheat Bridge {Sheldon, 2527).

BELLINCINIA Raddi.
B. PoRELLA (Dicks.) Kuntze. {Porclla piniiata Schw.)

Fayette: on rocks in the mist of a fall near Gauley Bridge
(Millspaugh, Soy).

B. PLATYPHYLLA ( L. ) Kuntzc. [Porella platyphylla Lindb.).

Monongalia : on bark of living apple tree at Morgantown :
on sandstone boulder in Tibbs Run ; on tree trunks and
decaying logs west of Morgantown (Millspaugh, 1291, 1292,
1658; (Sheldon, 1620). Mercer: on oak log at Bluefield and
on limestone ledge at Beaver Spring (Millspaugh, 1448,
1530). Upshur: at French Creek; Preston: at Cranesville,
Greenbrier: at Durbin; Randolph: at Cheat Bridge (Shel-
don, 2069, 1546, 2264, 2519).

COLOLEJEUNEA Spruce.

C. BiDDLECOMiAE (Aust.) Evaus.

Monongalia : on a ledge at Sturgisson, and Preston : on a
decaying log at Cranesville (Sheldon, 3282, 3426).

MICROLEJEUNEA Spruce.

M. LUCENS (Taylor) Evans.

Between McDowell and Tazewell : on dripping limestone
along Horsepen Creek (Morris, iii6b).

LEJEUNEA Lindb.
L. cAvi FOLIA (Ehrh.) Lindb.

Monongalia : a small form growing on rocks in Tibbs
Run (Andreivs).
L. cucuLLATA N. ab E.

Randolph: ad rupes madidas in jugo Cheat IN'Iountains
(Sullivant Musci. Allegh. 65).

CHEILOLEJEUNEA Spruce.
S. PHYLLOBOLA (Nccs & Mont.) Schiffu. ?

]\Ionongalia : on Sweet birch near Coopers Rock (Shel-
don, 3022).

HARPALEJEUNEA Spruce.
H. ovATA (Hook.) Schififn.

]\Ionongalia : on stone at edge of brook at Oliver ; on
trunk of Sycamore growing in Quarry Run (Sheldon, 2916,
3021).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY I7I

JUBULA Dum.
J. Pennsylvanica (Steph.) Evans. {Jiihula HiitcJiiiisiae Siil-
livantii Spr.).

Monongalia : on sandstone boulder in Tibbs Run, and
McDowell: on rocks in stream at Elkhorn {Mills paugh,
1655, 1509)-

FRULLANIA Raddi.
F. Asa-Grayana Mont.

Monongalia: on sandstone boulder in Tibbs Run (Mills-
pangh, 1654). Randolph: clinging to face of dry sand-
stone boulder at Pickens; at Cheat P)ridge {Millspaiigh,
2206; Sheldon, 2524). Preston: rather common on trees
and rocks near Cranesville, and Monongalia : Lick Run ; also
in Greenbrier: at Durbin and Ronceverte {Sheldon, 1564,
1214, 2262, 1076).
F. souarrosa (R. B1. & N.) Dum.

Upshur: at French Creek {Sheldon, 2094). Monongalia:
on trees by Deckers Creek and west of Mor^antown {An-
drczus, Sheldon, 1259).
F. riparia Hampe.

Monongalia: on trunk of Sugar maple at Lick Run {Shel-
don, 2983).
F. PLANA Sulliv.

Fayette: near Nuttallburg {Ahtttall).

F. EBORACENSIS Gottschc.

Monongalia : on trees near Deckers Creek, ]Morgantown
(Andrezvs). Greenbrier: on tree trunks at Durbin {Shel-
don, 1074).
F. Brittonae Evans.

Monongalia : on trees near Cheat River by Ices Ferry,
and Preston: near Masontown (Andrezvs).

ARCHILEJEUNEA Spruce.
A. CALYPEATA (Schw.) Schiffu. {Lejeunea calypeata Schw.).
Monongalia: on sandstone boulder in Tibbs Run {Mills-
paiigh, 16^6). Fayette : near Nuttallburg (A^j/^fff//). Green-
brier : on rock and base of tree along a stream at Fort
Spring (Sheldon, 2720).

ANTHOCEROTACEAE.

NOTOTHYLAS Sulliv.
N. ORBICULARIS (Schw) Sulliv.

Monongalia : edge of small pond and stream near Mor-
gantown ; Marshall : banks of the Ohio River at Mounds-

172 THE WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

ville ; Wayne : edge of brook in sandy soil near Ceredo
{Sheldon, 3518, 3921, 3888, 3900).

ANTHOCEROS Syn. Hep.

A. LAEVIS L.

Monongalia : abundant along side of road and bank near
Morgantown. and Greenbrier : on rocks along stream at Fort
Spring {Sheldon, 67, 2725). Wvoming : on dripping lime-
stone, along the Guyandot River below Bailyville {Morris.
1221).
A. PUNCTATUS L.

Monongalia : in a gutter along a roadside in Morgantown
{Sheldon, 2577).

SPHAGNACEAE.

SPHAGNUM, L.

S. IMBRICATUM AFFINE (R. & C.) Wamst.

Monongalia : at Tibbs Run and at Lick Run ; Preston :
near Cranesville {Sheldon, 629, 3966, 1548).
S. Magellanicum Brid.

Preston: near Cranesville {Sheldon, 3457).
S. RECURVUM Beauv.

Preston : near Cranesville ; and Pocahontas : near Cran-
berry Glades {Sheldon, 1535, 3459, 3677, 3678).
S. CYMBiFOLiuM, Ehrh.

Common in wet glades, and in deep wooded rills. Pres-
ton : Kingwood and Terra Alta. WelDster : at Welsh, Long
and Collett's Glades. Fayette : glade above Nuttallburg.
Randolph: in the spruce forests {Millspaugh) . Monon-
galia: Deckers Creek valley near Morgantown {Andre-ws).
Randolph: in Blister Swamp {Moore).
S. CYMBIFOLIUM souARROSULUM Bry. Ger.

Monongalia: along Tibbs Run {Millspaiti^h, Andreses).

S. GIRGENSOHNII Russ.

Boggy places. Pocahontas: Cranberry Glades {Sheldon).
S. ouiNOUEFARiuM (Braith.) Warnst.

Randolph: in Blister Swamp {Moore).

ANDREAEACEAE.

ANDREAEA Ehrji.

A. RUPESTRis Hedw.

Monongalia : on rocks at summit of ridge near Cheat View
{Andrezv's) .

Musci.

DICRANACEAE.

PLEURIDIUiAI Brid.

P. ALTERNiFOLiuM (Kaulf.) Rab.

Monongalia : groinid on Dorseys Knob near Alorgantown
(Aiuirc-a's). Jefferson: near Harpers Ferry (Sulli'i'aiif).

DITRICHUAI Timm.

(Leptotrichtim, Hampe.)

D. PALLIDUM (Schreb.) Hampe. Trichostomnin pallidum, Hedw.
fiercer : on ground, oak woods, Bluefield. McDowell : on
clay, open woods, Elkhorn. Monongalia : on clay of open
woods, Tibb's Run (Millspaugh, 1458, 1492, 1495, 1500,
1598). Fayette: near Xuttallburg (Xuffall). Pocabontas •
on fresb soil along a log road near Cranberry Glades (Shel-
don, ^74^).

D. TORTILE (Scbrad.) Hampe.

Fayette: near Quinnimont {Pollard & Maxon, 105).

CERATODON, Brid.

C. PURPUREUS (L.) Brid.

Monongalia : on dry sandstone boulder, Morgantown ;
Tibb's Run (Millspangh, 1390, 1633). Fayette: near Nut-
tallburg (Nnttall).

DICRANELLA, Scbimp.

D. iiETEROMALLA (L.) Scbimp.

Monongalia : on ground under rail fence, The Flats ; on
wet coal entrance of coal pit, Georgetown ; on ground in
woods, Tibb's Run ( Mills l^augJi, 1362, 1378, 1638). Fay-
ette: Nuttallburg (Xuttall).
D. RUFESCENS (Toum.) Schp.

Monongalia : valley of Deckers Creek near Lick Run
(Andrezii's) .

D. VARiA (Hedw.) Schp.

^Monongalia : near the road in the vicinity of Easton
(Andrczi's).

174 THE WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

RHABDOWEISIA Bry. Eu.
R. FUGAX (Hechv.) Br. & Sch.

On ledge and roots of various trees at McKinneys Cave
near Bretz, Monongalia ; on a ledge near Coopers Rock,
and on a sandstone ledge at Tibbs Run (Sheldon, 4169,
3039.4355)-

DICRANUM, Hedw.

D. FLAGELLARE Hedw.

Monongalia: on decayed oak log, Tibb's Run (Mills/'augh,
1593). Fayette : Nuttallburg (Nuttall).
D. scopARiuM (L.) Hedw.

Grant : on ground in damp woods. Bayard. ]\Ionon-
galia : on ground, the Flats ; on decayed log, Georgetown ;
loc. cit., Tibb's Run. Mercer: in tufts at base of stump,
Bluefield, and on decayed log (Millspaugh, 1398, 1382, 1601,
1476, 1464). Fayette: near Nuttallburg {Nuttall).
D. FULVUM Hook.

Fayette: Nuttallburg (Nuttall).
D. Drummondii Muell.

On the mountain between Barrenshe Creek and Dry Fork,.
McDowell County, altitude 1,700 feet, August 6, 1900 (Mor-
ris^. 1 1 65).
D. MONTANUM Hedw.

Monongalia : decayed spot in a tree near Dellslow (An-
drews).

D. LONGl FOLIUM Hcdw.

Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nuttall).
D. FuscESCENS Tum.

Randolph: near Cheat Bridge (Sheldon, 2538).

DICRANODONTIUM Br. & Sch.

D. DENUDATUM (Brid.) E. G. B. (D. Virginicus E. G. B).

I^Ionongalia : on sandstone boulder along a woodland path,
Tibb's Run (Millspaugh, 1635).

Plants bright glossy green, stems matted below by a red
tomentum, leafy nearly to apex, denudate roughened above,
with a few leaves at summit ; leaves erect or secund, straight
or curled and twisted, often 5 mm. long, narrowly subulate
from a short, thick base, caducous ones with a long, slender,
smooth point ; persistent ones serrate, blade inflexed cells
densely chlorophyllose, filled with oil globules, those of the
basal angles, clear. Dioecious, the antheridia terminal in
conspicuous heads, bracts brown at base, apex subulate,
serrate ; perichretial bracts 3 to 4 mm. long, from a short
base, suddenlv sulnilate, dentate at apex ; pedicels lateral by

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

175

the growth of innovations, a to 2 cm. long", pale,' glossy
yellow, twisted in two directions, very slender, arcuate when
young, becoming erect before capsules mature. Capsule
cylindric, ribbed only at the mouth, U to 2 mm. long, beak-
straight or curved, shorter than the capsule, peristome'^bright
red, not deep set, teeth split unequally to middle, striolate at
base, pale and granulose above, annulus none, spores small,
calyptra cucullate, 2 mm. long, beaked, entire. Maturing in
summer.

Differs from European specimens of D. longirostre col-
lected by Seringe ; in the longer, paler, more slender, scarcely
arcuate pedicels, longer capsules, peristome not deep set, and
teeth split only to the middle, more united than figured in
the Bryologia Europaea, Table 88. It may be distinguished
from Campylopus Virginiciis, also remarkable for it's cadu-
cous leaves, by the longer, more slender subulate point,
which is entire or minutely serrate and smooth on the back,
by the thick base, with inflexed blades, and by the shape of
the basal cells at the angles.

Monongalia, on sandstone boulder deep woods, Tibb's
Run (Millspangh, 1596). Campylopus nexiiosus, Sull. not
Brid. D. Millspaugliii E. G. B.

Plant slight yellowish green, silky, cespitose ; stems mat-
ted with rufous tomentum at base, i to 3 cnL long, a few
denudate, roughened by the fragments of the slighfly cadu-
cous leaves. Leaves secund or erect-spreading, 4 to 5 mm.
long, narrowly subulate from a broad base "i to U mm.
long becoming tubular above with inrolled margins,' basal
angles not auricled, filled by large hyaline cells to the base
of the broad, brown vein, those of the blade oblong or
square next the vein becoming spindle-shaped and prosenchy-
matous toward the margin, vein thick, excurrent into a den-
tate slender tip, rough on back. Dioecious, perichstium
5 to 7 mm. long, bracts sheathing half their length, taper-
ing to a long, slender, obscurely serrate tip, outer shorter,
abruptly subulate, more sharply serrate; pedicels recurved,
burying the capsules among the leaves, becoming erect when
old, 5 to 8 mm. long, stout and twisted in two directions;
capsules pyriform-cylindric with a distinct neck, length
about I mm. without the lid. which is as long a? the rest
of the capsule, with a straight beak, calyptra cucullate, entire ;
peristome red, connivent, teeth deep set, slender, split to
middle, or perforate to base, striolate below, granulose
above ; annulus none, mouth bordered by a dense, "dark rim.
Maturing in summer, old capsules persistent, not sulcate.

Differs from European specimens of D. longirostre in the
structure of the base of the leaf, lacking the suddenlv in-

lyb Tin-: wkst \irginia flora

flaled basal auricles ; dififerino- also in the cells above the
base, teeth not split to base, occasionally only perforate.
From D. Virginicns it may be distinguished by the less
caducous leaves, shorter, stouter, more arcuate pedicels,
smaller capsules, and longer sheathing perich?etium.

Through the kindness of Dr. Robinson I have been able
to compare these specimens with those collected by Sul-
livant on Grandfather Mt. in 1843. His also are fruiting,
and an excellent drawing is preserved, hence I am able to
assert that the specimens are almost identical. SuUivant's
showing no naked stems, but many of the leaves are cadu-
cous. Dr. Braithwaite kindly compared the West Virginia
specimens with Camp\Iop]ts pyriforinis, sending me speci-
mens of this and the varjety MiiUcri, and sketches of the
bases of the leaves. It is evident that Sullivant was mis-
taken in referring his specimens to C. fiextiosiis, as they are
more closely allied to Dicranodontium longirostrc, var. al-
p'mus.

LEUCOBRYACEAE.

LEUCOBRYUM Hampe.
L. GLAucuM (L.) Br. & Sch.

Monongalia: on ground in woods. The Flats ( Millspaugh,
1399). Fayette: Nuttallburg {NnttaJl).

FISSIDENTACEAE.
FISSIDENS, Hedw.

F. MINUTULUS Sulliv.

Monongalia: on rocks in Aarons Run {Sheldon, 3934).

F. OBTUSIFOLIUS Wils.

Monongalia : on walls of Lock No. 9, Monongahela River
{Jennings).

F. ADIANTOIDES (L.) Hcdw.

Monongalia: on shaly rocks under clitT, Cassville (Mills-
paugJi, 1423).
F. DECiPiENS DeNot.

Fayette: near Nuttallburg (A^iiftall).

F. SUBBASILARIS Hcdw.

Summers: near Lowell (Pollard & Mason. 117). Up-
shur, on a tree trunk at French Creek (Sheldon. 2093).

E N C A L Y P T A C E AE.
ENCALYPTA Schreb.
E. STREPTOCARPA Hcdw. (Lcersia streptocarpa Lindb.).

■\Iercer: face dry limestone clifif, Beaver Spring (Mills-
paugh, 1552) ; near Big Spring (Sullh'ant).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICx\L SURVEY 177

P O T T I A C E A E.

DESMATODON Brid.
D. PoRTERi James.

Jackson : on sandstone rock near Ravenswood (Sheldon,
2388).

TORTULA, L.

T. MURALis (L.) Hedw. Barbitla muralis (L.) Trin.

Mercer: on sandstone ledge, Beaver Spring {Millspaugh^
1553)-

TORTELLA C. 'M.
T. HUMiLis (Hedw.j. B. cacspitosa, Schwaegr. Barbula humilis
Hedw.

•Mercer: roots of oak, Bluefield {Millspaugh, 1447). Fay-
ette: Nuttallburg [Nuttall).
T. UNGUicuLATA (Huds. )• Barhidu iinguicidata Hedw.

Greenbrier: on rocks along rill near Fort Spring; Monon-
galia : on Front Street curb stone and on stone pile in
South Park, Morgantown (Sheldon, 2803. 2051, 2279).
T. TORTUOSA (L.) Limpr. Barbula tortuosa W. & M.

Monongalia: in sand under boulder. Camp Eden {Mills-
pan gh, 1395).

WEISIA Hedw.
W. viRiDULA Hedw. (Mollia viridiila Lindb.).

McDowell : on ground, open woods, Elkhorn (Millspaugh,
1496, 1497). Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nuttall).

G R I M M I A C E A E.

GRIM MIA Ehrh.

G. APocARPA (L.) Hedw.

Monongalia: on rocks in Tibbs Run (Ajidrezcs).

RHACOMITRIUM Brid.
R. ACicuLARE (L.) Brid.

Monongalia: at Tibbs Run (.-^ndreics).

ORTHOTRICHACEAE.
DRUMMONDIA Hook.

D. CLANELLATA Hook.

Aionongalia : on a tree near Easton (Andrezcs) .

178 Till-: \\i:sr xikgima flora

ORTHOTRICHUAI Hcdw.

O. PORTERI Aust.

Berkeley : on outcropping limestone near Alarlinsburg
{Sheldon, 2653).
O. Braunii Br. & Sch. O. strangulatum, Beauv.

Monongalia : on bark living apple tree, Alorgantown
{Millspaugh, 1288).
O. Ohioense S. & L.

Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Niiltall).

ULOTA Brid.
U. Americana (P.B.) Mitt. (U. Hntchinsiae Sclip.).

Wcissia Aiiicricana Lindb. Monongalia: on dry sand-
stone boulder at Camp Eden {MiUspaugh, 1390), and on
rocks in Tibbs Run {Andreivs). Fayette: near Nuttallburg
(Nuttall).
U. ULOPHYLLA (Ebrh.) Brotb. (IVcisia ulopJiylla Ehrh.)

Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nuttall).
U. LuDWiGii Brid.

Greenbrier: on trunk of Bircb near Durbin, and Poca-
hontas, at Cranberry Glades (Sheldon, 1044, 3673).

FUNARIACEAE.

EPHEMERUM Hpe.

E. crassinervium (Schwgr.) Cen.

Inundated lands along the Kanawha River (Siilli'c'aiit').

FUNARIA Schreb.

F. hygrometica (L.) Sibth.

Monongalia : in soil on sandstone boulder, Tibb's Run
(Millspaii'i^h, 1615, 1617). Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Xiiti-
all).
Var patula Br. & Sch.

Monongalia : on rocks lining a sj^ring, the Flats ; in cinders
of an old camp fire. Camp Eden (MiUspaugh, 1376, 1293).
F. FLAVICANS Mich>^'.

Monongalia : on damp sand in a "burning," Little Falls ;
loc. cit., Ivlorgantown (MiUspaugh, 1277, 1339)-

APHANORRHEGMA Sull.
A. SERRATUM (Hook. & Wils.) Sulliv.

Monongalia : Roadside leading from North Front Street,
and south side of Deckers Creek at the mouth of Aarons
Run, Morgantown (Sheldon, 2689, 3973. 4314)-

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY I79

PHYSCOMITRIUM Brid.
P. PYRiFORME (L.) Brid.

Alonongalia : on top of soil of field that had been ploughed
and harrowed only eight days before, Morgantown ; on
ground marshy spot, Dille's {Millspaugli, 1278, 1403).

BRYACEAE.

POHLIA Hedw.
P. NUTANS (Schreb.) Lindb.

On decaying wood and on soil. Monongalia : near Alor-
gantown (4948); Preston: near Cranesville (1525, 3458):
near Terra Alta (3472); Preston: at McKinney's Cave
near Bretz (4074) ; Preston: near Oak Park (4067, 4984)
(all numbers Sheldon).

MNIOBRYUM Schimp.
M. ALBICANS (Wahl.) Limpr.

Monongalia: edge of stream near Oliver {Sheldon, 2921).

BRYUM L.
B. BiMUM Schreb.

Monongalia: on shale under ledge, Cassville (Millspaiigh,
1424)-

B. ARGENTEUM L.

Monongalia : fissures between bricks of walks, ]\Iorgan-
town {Millspaui^h, 1335). Favette : near Nuttallburg (Nutt-
all).
B. INTERMEDIUM Brid.

Monongalia : near Ivlorgantown, ]\Iiddle Ferry and Eick
Run (Sheldon, 167, 169. 1268, 2340. 3957). Dr. Grout pro-
nounces 2340 not typical.
B. PSEUDOTRiouETRUM (Hedw.) Schwaegcr?

Monongalia: on railroad bank at Sturgisson (Sheldon,
186).

Doubtfully referred by Dr. Grout.
B. PROLiFERUM (L.) Sibth. (B. rosenni Schreb.)

Mercer : on roots of Oak near Bluefield ; McDowell : on
decayed wood at Elkhorn (Millspangh, 1449, 1502), and
along Horsepen Creek (Morris, 11 19).

B. CAPILLARE L.

Monongalia: at Quarry Run (Andrezi's).

B. CAESPITICIUM L.

Monongalia: near Drv Run (Andrezcs).

l80 THE WEST \IKGINIA ELORA

LEPTOBRYUM, Wils.
L. PVRiEORME (L.) Wils. (Bryum pyriformc, Hcdw.)

Monongalia: on sandstone boulder, Tibb's Run (Mills-
paugh, (1616, 1633).

M N I A C E A E.

MNIUM Linn.
M. MARGINATUM (Dicks.) Beauv.

Mononqalia : on rocks near Dellslow {Sheldon, 3209).
M. AFFiNE Bland.

Monongalia: near Dr}- Run (Andre-ws).
M. cuspiDATUM Hedw. {Astropliyllum sylvaticiiin LindbV

Monongalia: on soil at Morgantown; on a dry boulder by
Cheat River, and on a stone in a swampy spot at Dille's
(Millspaugh, 1359, 1397, 1583). Fayette: near Nuttallburg
{Nuttall).
M. ROSTRATUM Schrad. {Astropliyllum rostratttm Lindb.)

Grant : on wet logs at Bayard ; Monongalia : on decayed
wood at the Flats ; McDowell : on roots in a rill near Elk-
horn {Millspaugh, 1^77^ 1523)-
M. PUNCTATUM (L.) Hedw. {Astrophyllmn punctatuni Schreb.)

Fayette: near Nuttallburg {Nuttall).
M. HORNUM L. {Astro phylhmt hornum Lindb.)

Monongalia: on sand in a rill at Tibbs Run {Millspaugh,
1604.) Fayette: near Nuttallburg {Nuttall).

A U L A C O M N I A C E AE.

AULACOMNIUM Schw.

A. HETERosTiciiuM Br. & Sch. {Sphaerocephahts Britt. m.)

Monongalia : on coal, entrance to coal pit, Georgetown ;
hanging from sandstone boulder, Tibb's Run, Camp Eden
(1392); on rocky ledge, Cassville. McDowell: on sandy
bank of rill, Elkhorn {Millspaugh, 1319, 1607, 1414, 1520).
Fayette: near Nuttallburg {Nuttall).

B ARTRAMI ACEAE.

BARTRAMIA Hedw.

B. poMiFORMis (L.) Hedw.

Mercer : on bole dead tree, Bluefield. Monongalia : on
sandstone boulder, deep woods, Tibb's Run {Millspaugh,
1609). Fayette: near Nuttallburg {Nuttall). On ground,
Greenbrier Co.. Kate's Mountain, alt. 3.300 ft. {Small &
Vail).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY l8l

l'''ar CRISPA (Sw.) Schimp.

Monongalia: on rock led^e, Cassville (Millspaugh, 1417.
1418).

PHILONOTIS Brid.
P. FONTANA (L.) Brid.

Mercer: on sandstone ledge in rill, Beaver Spring (Mills-
paugh, I 561).

W E B E R A C E A E.

WEBERA Ehrh.
W. PROLiGERA (Lindb.) Kindb.

Monongalia: near Lick Run {Andrezvs).
W. SESSiLis (Schm.) Lindb. (Diphysciuui foliosum Mohr.)

Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nuttall).

B U X B A U M I A C E A E.

BUXBAUMIA Haller
B. APHYLLA Linn.

Fayette: near Nuttallburg {Nuttall).

GEORGIACEAE.

GEORGIA Ehrh.
G. PELLUCIDA (L.) Rabenh. Tctraphis pellucida, Hedw.

Monongalia: on sandstone boulder, Tibb's Run (Mills-
paugh, 1606, 1610, 1634).

POLYTRICHIACEAE.

POGONATUM Palis.

P. BREVicAULE Beauv. (Polytrichum tenne Menz.)

North slopes on Road Run, Wyoming County, August 12,

1900 (Morris, 1176). Monongalia: roadside bank near Mor-

gantov/n, and on ground at Tibb's Run (Millspaugh, 1612).

Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nuttall).

POLYTRICHUM L.

P. COMMUNE L.

Preston: on ground in open woods, Terra Alta (Mills-
paugh).
P. Ohioense, Ren. & Card. P. formosum, SuU. not Hedw.

Monongalia : on ground, Morgantown ; a large form on
ground Tibb's Run ; an extremely small form, with minute
capsules on sandstone boulder, loc. cit. Mercer : on ground

l82 THE WEST \TRGINIA FLORA

in oak woods, Blnefield (Millspaitgh, 1536, 1600, 161 1,
1453)- Grant: on decayed logs, Bayard. P'avette : near
Nuttallbiirg {Nuttall).
P. piLiFERUM, Schreb.

Monongalia : on bare sandstone ledge, Falling Run (Mills-
paitgh, 1299).

CATHARINAEA, Ehrh.
C. ANGUSTATA, Brid. AtricJiimi angtistatum, Br. & Sch.

Monongalia, on ground in marsby spot, Morgantown.
Mercer: rocks in rill, Beaver Spring (Millspaugh, 1406,
1495). Fayette: near Nuttallburg {Nuttall).
C. UNDULATA (L.) Web. & Mohr. Atrichum undulatuui, Beauv.
Monongalia : on ground in marshy spot, Morgantown.
McDowell: on roots in stream, Elkborn {Millspaugh, 1404,
1522). Fayette, near Nuttallburg {Nuttall).

H E D W I G I A C E A E.

HEDWIGIA Ehrh.
H. ciLiATA Ehrh.

Monongalia : on dry exposed boulders and rocks at The
Flats {Millspaui^h, 1400). Fayette : near Nuttallburg (Nutt-
all).

H. CILIATA SECUNDA Schp.

Monongalia : nicely fruited specimens with varietal char-
acters well marked on rocks in Tibbs Run, and on boulders
near Dry Run (Andre-cvs).

F O N T I N A L A C E A E.

FONTINALIS Dill.

F. Dalecarlica Bry. Eu.

Monongalia: along Tibbs Run { Andrews) .

C L I M A CI A C E AE.

CLTMACIUM W. & M.

C. Americanum Brid.

Monongalia: on a moist sandstone ledge near Cassville
(Millspaugh, 1413).
C. Americanum Kindbergii R. & C.

Preston: in glades near Masontown (Andrews).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 183

LEUCODONTACEAE.

LEUCODON, Schwaeger.

L. juLACEus (Hedw.) Sull.

Mercer : on limestone ledge, Beaver Springs ; McDowell :
on rocks in rill, Elkhorn ; Monojigalia : on oak log, Tibb's
run {MiUspangh, 1532, 1508, 1590).

L. BRACHYPUS Brid.

Grant: on wet rotten log. Bayard ( iMillspaiigh, 937).

N E C K E R A C E AE.

NECKERA Hedw.
N. PENNATA (L.) Hedw.

Tucker : on tree trunks, Blackwater Falls ( Millspaugh,
965). Fayette: near Nuttallburg [Nuttall).

LEPTODON Mohr.
L. TRiCHOiiiTRiON (Hcdw.) Mohr.

Monongalia : on a tree near the river at Ices Ferry ; and
Preston: near Masontown (Andrezi's).

THAMNIUM Bry. Eu.
T. Allegheniense (CM.) Bry. Eu.

jMonongalia : near Tibbs Run (Andrczcs).

F A B R O N I A C E AE.

ANACAMPTODON Brid.
A. SPLACHNOIDES (Frol.) Brid.

Monongalia : in a knot hole of an apple tree at Lick Run
(Sheldon, 3337).
A. APicuLATus Br. & Sch.

Pocahontas : on trunk of Beech at Cranberry Glades
(Sheldon, 3721).

E N T O I) O N T A C E AE.

PLATYGYRIUM Bry. Eu.
P. REPENS (Brid.) Br. & Sch. (Entodoii palatinus Lindb.)

Monongalia : on a decaying log near Morgantown (Shel-
don, 175). Monongalia: on decayed log. Tibbs Run (Mills-
paugh, 1603). Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nuttall).

184 'IHli WKST \lKcaMA I' LOR A

ENTODON C. M.
E. sEDUCTRix (Hedw.) C. Muell. {Cylindyothcciuui Snll.).

Monongalia: on bark living apple tree, Morganlown;
on bark in oak woods, Bluefield (Millspaugli, 1290, 1450).
Fayette: near Nuttallburg {Nuttall).
E. CLADORRHizANS (Hcdw.). C. Muell. {C ylindrothccium Schimp.)
Mercer: on decayed log, damp place, Bluefield {Mills-
paugh, 1489). Fayette: near Nuttallburg {Nuttall).

PYLAISIA Br. & Sch.
P. VELUTINA Br. & Sell.

Monongalia : on bark living apple tree, Morgantown
{Millspaugh, 1289).
P. iNTRicATA (Hedw.) Bry. Eu.

Monongalia : trees near Cheat River and Deckers Creek
{Andrews) .

H O O K E R I A C E AE.
HOOKERIA Smith.

H. SULLIVANTII CM.

Monongalia: at Tibbs Run (Andrezvs).

L E S K E A C E AE.

MYURELLA Bry. Eu.
M. GRACILIS (Weinm.) Lindb.

Monongalia: on a ledge near Sabraton (Sheldon, 3283)

LESKEA Hook.
L. GRAciLESCENS Hedw.

Pocahontas : on a tree trunk near Seebert (Sheldon,
3618).
L. POLYCARPA Ehrh.

Monongalia : on trunk of Poplar near Engine Works :
and Preston : on trunk of apple tree near Albright (Shel-
don, 2390, 3365).
L. OBSCURA Hedw.

Monongalia: base of tree near Morgantown (Andrezvs).

THELIA Sull.

T. HIRTELLA (Hcdw.) Sull.

McDowell : on bark living Beech, Elkhorn (Millspaugh,
1493)-

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 185

T. ASPRELLA (Schim.). Sull.

jMercer : on bole living Cornus florida, Beaver Spring
{Milhpaugh, 1535).

ANOMODON Hook. & Tayl.
A. ROSTRATUS (Hcdw.). Schimp.

Alonongalia : on dry boulder, The Flats ; loc. cit., Camp
Eden. Mercer: on sandstone ledge in rill, Beaver Spring;
on bole living Oak. Bluefield (Millspaugh, 1365, 1391, 1555,
1456, 1536). Fayette: Nuttallbiirg (Nuttall) ; Ronceverte
(Pringle).
A. ATTENUATUS (Schreb.), Huebn.

Monongalia : on dry boulder, The Flats. Mercer : com-
pletely covering large limestone ledges in open woods,
Beaver Spring (Millspaugh, 1363, 1367, 1531).
A. OBTUsiFOLius Br. & Sch.

Monongalia : base of tree near Decker's Creek, Morgan-
town (Andrezi's).

THUIDIUM Br. & Sch.

T. ViRGiNiANUM Lindb.

Monongalia: on a rock near Mont Chateau (Sheldon,

1529)-

T. MICROPHYLLUM (Sw.) Bcst.

Monongalia : on a decaying log near Morgantown ; Pres-
ton : along a path and roadside in the woods near McKinneys
Cave, Bretz (Sheldon, 3885, 4173, 4176).
T. MiNUTULUM (Hedw.) Br. & Sch.

Summers: near Lowell (Pollard & Maxon, 118).
T. RECOGNiTUM (Hedw.) Lindb. T. delicatuhim, Br. & Sch.
Grant : on decayed logs. Bayard. Monongalia : on dry
boulder. The Flats ; Tibbs Run ; on decayed logs, George-
town. Mercer: on sandstone ledge, Beaver Springs; on bole
dead tree; loc. cit., Bluefield (Millspaugh, 1366, 1608, 1382,
1544, 1477, 1510). Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nuttall);
near Quinnimont (Pollard & Maxon, ill).
T. sciTUM (Beauv.) Aust.

Monongalia: on rocks along Tibbs Run (Andrews).

H Y P N A C AE.

AMBLYSTEGIUM Br. & Sch.
A. ADNATUM Hedw.

^IcDowell : on flat stone in deep woods, Elkhorn (Mills-
paugh, 1498).

l'86 THK WEST \IRGINIA FLORA

A. SERPENS (L.) J]r. &' Sch.

^Monongalia : on wet rotten loj^, Granville; on twigs in
rill, Dille's. .McDowell : on pebble in deep woods, Elkhorn
{Millspaugh, 1298, 1402, 1519).
A. ORTHOCLADON (Reauv.) Aust. (A. serpens ortJiocladon Aust.)
Monongalia : on rocks lining a spring, The Flats, Mer-
cer : on wet limestone ledge, Heaver Spring (Millspaugh,

1375- 1358).

A. VARiuM (Hedw.) Lindb. (A. radicalc Br. & Sch.)

Monongalia : on rocks lining a spring. The Flats ; on wet
rocks in stream, Cassville. Mercer: on limestone ridge,
Beaver Spring; on decayed log, Bhiefield. McDowell: on
top of stump in dark, deep woods, Elkhorn {MiUspaiigh^
1374, 1421, 1533. 1488, 1536, 1521).

A. iRRiGUUM (Hook. & Wils.) Br. & Sch.

Mercer: on sandstone ledge in rill. Beaver Spring. Mon-
ongalia: on rocks in rill, Tibbs Run {Millspaugh, 1556,

1559. 1592).
A. RiPARiuM (L.) Br. & Sch.

jMonongalia : on stone in streani, Falling Run. McDowell,
loc, cit., Elkhorn (Millspaugh, 1334, 15 12).
A. FLUVIATILE (Sw.) Br. & Sch.

Fayette: near Quinnimont {Pollard & Maxon, no).
A. JURATSKANUM Schimp.

Monongalia : on bark of decaying log south of Morgan-
town (Sheldon, 1352).

CAMPYLIUM Mitt.
C. iiispiDULUM (Brid.) Mitt. (Hypuimi hispidiihim Brid.)

Mercer: on ground in oak woods near Blucfield {} Mills-
paugh 1452).
C. CHRYSOPHYLLUM (Brid.) Britt.m.

Greenbrier : on the ground on Kates Mountain, alt. 3.300
ft. (Small & Vail). Mercer: on a decayed log in damp
place (Millspaugh, 1490, 1491). Monongalia: on old beech
log, Morgantown ; Mercer : on ground, Beaver Spring.
(Millspaugh, 1405, 1536).

C. TENELLUM L. & J.

Mercer : on bole of dead tree and on log in moist place
near Bluefield (Millspaugh, 1479, 1491).

PLAGIOTHECIUM Br. & Sch.
P. DENTicuLATUM (L.) Bry. Eu.

Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nuitall).

P. DENTICULATUM DENSUM, Br. & Sch.

Monongalia: on sandstone boulder, Tibbs Run (Mills-
paugh, 1642).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY iS/

P. SULLIVANTIAE Scllillip.

jMonongalia : on sandstone boulder in deep woods, Tibbs
Run (Millspaugh, 1618).
P. STRiATELLUM (Brid.) Lindb.

Preston: on a ledge at McKinneys Cave (Sheldon, 4172).
P. MiCANS (Sw.) Paris.

Pocahontas: on a rock at Cranberry Glades {Sheldon,
3722).
P? SYLVATICUM Br. & Sch.

Pocahontas: on a decaying log at Cranberry Glades (Shel-
don, 3793).
P. TURFACEUM Lindb.

Preston: on a decaying log near Cranesville (Sheldon.
3452).

HYLOCOMIUM Bry. Eu.*
H. RUGOSUM (L.) DeNot.

Greenbrier: on ground on Kate's jMountain, alt. 3,300 ft.
(Small & Vail).
H. BREViROSTRUM (Ehrh.) Bry. Eu.

Monongalia : not uncommon in deep brook ravines near
Tibbs and Quarry Runs, fruiting at the latter (Andrezcs).

HYPNUM Linn.*
H. PATiENTAE Lindb.

Monongalia : on wet rocks along a small stream near
Morgantown (Sheldon, 2312).
H. SciiREBERi Willd. (Hyloconiinm parietinuni (L.) Lindb.)

Monongalia : on ground in shade of hemlocks at Laurel
Hills (Millspaugh, 1645).

H. DENTICULATUM, L.

Monongalia : on walls of dark dripping limestone cave,.
Cheat river ; on stone in swampy place, Morgantown ; on
sandstone boulder, and on pebbles in stream, Tibb's Run
(Millspaugh, 1405, 1614).

H. PALUSTRE. ?

^lonongalia : on stone in marshy spot, Morgantown ; on
rocks under a fall Cassville (Millspaugh, 1584, 1422).
H. viOLLE, Dicks.

Monongalia: on stone in marshy place, Dille's (Mills-
paugh, 1584).

* These genera have been entirely revised by Brotherus, in
Engler and Prantl. Having no access to an index to the species
I have made no attempt to replace the species in accordance
therewith. C. F. M.

160 THE WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

H. I'RoLiFERUM L. H. spleiidciis, Heclw.

Randolph : in dense spruce forests, where it carpets al-
most everything beneath the trees, Cheat Bridge. Grant :
notul. idem., Bayard (Millspaugh).

H. RUTABULUM L.

Monongalia: on rocks in rill. Tibb's Run (Millspaugh,

1590-
H. Haldanianum Grev.

Fayette: near Quinniniont (Pollard & Maxon, 115).
H. REPTILE Rich.

Monongalia: on ground near Tibbs Run (Andrews).
H. UNCiNATUM Hedw.

Monongalia; at Quarry Run (Andrczvs).
H. TREQUETRUM (L.) Br. & Sch.

Monongalia : on ground, shade of hemlocks. Laurel Hills
(Millspaugh, 1649).

H. MICROCARPUM C. Mucll.

Monongalia : on bark of hemlock tree, Cheat River (Mills-
paugh, 1389).
H, HiANS Hedw.

Mercer: on damp, decayed bark, Bluefield (Millspaugh,
1840). Fayette: along Loup Creek (James).
H. DEMissuM Wils. Rhynchostegium deinissuin, Br. & Sch.

Monongalia : on stones in rill, Tibb's Run, and on wet
rocks (Millspaugh, 1619, 1595).
H. PLUMOSUM Huds. Brachythccium salebrosurn, Br. & Sch.
Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nuttall).

PTILIUM DeNot.

P. CRiSTA-CASTRENSE (L.) DcNot. Hypuum crista-castreuse, L.
Plentiful on ground, rocks, logs, etc., in the dense spruce
forests. Grant : near Bayard. Randolph : near Cheat
Bridge ( Millspaugh ) .

STEREODON Mitt.

S. IMPONENS (Hedw.) Brid. Hypnum iniponens, Hedw.

Monongalia : on decayed log, Georgetown ; loc. cit., Tibb's

Run. (Millspaugh, 1381, 1602) Fayette: near Nuttallburg

(Nuttall).

S. cuPRESSiFORMis (L.) Brid. H. cupressiforme L.

Mercer: on damp decaved log, Bluefield (Millspaugh,

1487).

S. cuRViFOLius (Hedw.) Brid. H. curvifolium Hedw.

Monongalia: on decayed oak, Little Falls; near Mor-

gantown ; near Georgeton ; near Cassville ; on ground,

Georgetown. McDowell : on decayed log, Elkhorn. Mercer •

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 1 89

loc. cit., Bluefield, and Beaver Spring {MillspaiigJi, 1276,
1344, 1380, 1420, 1382, 1517, 1485, 1491). Fayette: near
Nuttallburg (Nuttall).
S. RECURVANS (Schwaegcr) Broth. (Hypnwn Schwaeg.).

Tucker : on decayed logs, etc., at Blackwater Falls ; Mc-
Dowell : on same at Elkhorn ; Monongalia : on the bole of
a tree at Tibbs Run {MiUspaugh, 990, 991, 992, 1499, 1507).

S E M A T O P H Y L L A C E A E.

RHAPHIDOSTEGIUM DeNot.*

R. Carolinianum (C. M.) J. & S.

Monongalia : at Tibb's Run, on rock at Quarry Run, on
ledge at Burnt House {Sheldon, 553, 3031, 4236). Preston:
on wet rock at McKinneys Cave, Bretz (Sheldon, 4168).
R. Carolinianum admixtum (SuU.) J. & S.

Monongalia: on a ledge at Burnt House (Sheldon, 4235).
R. Marylandicum (C. M.) J. & S.

Randolph : on a rock in a small stream near Cheat Bridge
(Sheldon, 2572).
R. cylindrocarpum (C. M.) Kindb.

Monongalia: on decayed wood near Quarry Run (An-

B R A C H Y T H E C I A C E A E.

BRACHYTHECIUM Bry. Eu.

B. ACUMINATUM (Hedw.) Kindb.

On tree trunk Monongalia: near Marilla (Sheldon, 1417).
B. plumosum (Sw.) Br. & Sch.

Monongalia : on wet ledge along Deckers Creek opposite
Marilla (Sheldon, 4003, 4999).

B. DIGASTRUM C. M. & K.

]\Ionongalia : on decayed log. Lick Run (Sheldon, 3968)
B. luteum (Brid.) Bry. Eu.

Monongalia: on ground near Quarry Run (Andrews).
B. rivulare (Bruch.) Bry. Eu.

Monongalia: on ground near Quarry Run (Andreics).

RHYNCHOSTEGIC^l Mitt.

R. Rusci forme B. & S.

Along Horsepen Creek. McDowell County, July 31,
1900 (Morris, 1117). Fayette: near Quinnimont (Pollard
& Mason, 109).
R. SERULATUM (Hcdw.) Jacg.

^Monongalia : on ground about Morgantown (Andreses).

190 Till-: \\i:sr xikcixia i'Lora

CIRRI PHYLLUM Grout.
C. Bosci (Schw.) Grout.

Monono;alia: at Morgantowii, and on ledge near Burnt
House {Siicldoii, 1270, 4230).

HOMALOTHECIELLA (Card.) Broth.

H. SUBCAPILLATA (Hedw.) Card.

Randolph: on tree trunk near' Cheat Bridge (Sheldon, ,
2512).

OPHIOGLOSSACEAE.

OPHIOGLOSSUM, L.

O. vuLGATUM L. Adder's Tongue.

Wet meadows and woods. Gilmer : near Glenville
(Mapd).

BOTRYCHIUM, Sw.

B. TERNATUM (Thuub.) Sw. Moon-wort.

Dry woods. Monongalia, Marion. Preston: in Laurel
hills. Grant: near Bayard (Millspauj^h) . Gilmer: near
Glenville (Mafyel). Fayette: near Nuttallburg, glades, alt.
2.000 ft {Xiittall). Preston: near Aurora (Mr. & Mrs.
Steele).
B. siLAiFOLiuM Presl. (B. teniatiini australe D. C. Eaton).

Grassy places. Monongalia : on the campus near j\Ior-
ganto wn ( Mills pan gh ) .
B. MATRicARiAE (Schrank) Spreng.

Rich opens. McDowell: near Elkhorn (Millspaugh).
B. OBLiouuM Muhl.

Fayette: near Xuttallburg, dry opens, alt. 2,000 ft. (Nutt-
all). Ohio: hills back of Wheeling (Merts & Guttenberg).
Monongalia: on the campus near Morgantown (Mills-
paugh) .
B. DissECTUM Spreng.

Glades. Fayette: near Nuttallburg. alt. 2,000 ft. (Ntitt-
all). Monongalia: on the campus near Morgantown (Mills-
paugh).
B. ViRGiNiANUM (L.) Sw. "Indicator."

Rich woods. Grant : near Bayard. Randolph : on Rich
Mountains. Monongalia : Cheat River near Camp Eden.
Gilmer : near Glenville. Jackson : near Ripley, where it
is often called "Indicator" as its growth is thought to in-
dicate the presence of Ginseng in the locality (Millspaugh).

Pteridophyta.

F I L I C E S.

POLYPODIUM, L.

P. vuLGARE L. Common Polypody.

Common on mossy rocks and in rocky woods. Kanawha :
near Charleston (Barnes) ; near Coalburg (James). Gilmer:
near Glenville (Alapel). Fayette: near Nuttallbnrg- (Nntt-
all). Grant: near Bayard and along Buffalo Creek. Mon-
ongalia : along Cheat River. Tucker : along Beaver Creek
and Blackwater. Randolph : on Rich and Cheat Mountains
( i\Iillsf>aitgh) : near Whitmar ( Greeiunaii, 30); Greenbrier-
near White Sulphur Springs. Summers : near Hinton
McDowell: near Elkhorn (Millspaiigli).
P. VULGARE DECEPTUM Maxou, Proc. Nat. Mus., 23:628 (1901).

Rhizoma slender, extensively creeping, covered thickly
with spreading chaff ; stipe 5 to 8 inches long, greenish to
stramineous; laminae very 'dark green above, lighter be-
low, 7 to 1 1 inches long, 2^ to 4 inches broad ; pinnae distant
from once to twice their width, broadest in the middle and
tapering to an acute apex, the margin doubly crenate or
occasionally nearly entire, the base broadly decurrent, veins
sinuous and prominent in drying, the veinlets usually fork-
ing twice; tip of lamina long acuminate, as in P. faleatuin;
sori very large, often irregularly disposed.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, Smithsonian In-
stitution, collected by E. L. Morris, No. 121 5, on rocks,
along the Guyandotte River below Baileysville, Wyoming
County, W. Va., alt. 1,100-1,250 feet, August 13-19, 1900.
This fern has already been brieflv characterized by Dr.
Millspaugh as Polypodium viilgare forma biserrata (sic).
The name hiserratum being already preoccupied by a
]\Iexican fern it becomes necessary, in referring to the
West Virginian plant, to substitute a new name. In addi-
tion I would refer here Mr. Morris' 1207 collected near
the type station ; also Pollard & Maxon's No. 25, collectea
Aug. 21, 1899, at Quinnimont, W. Va., which I have pre-
viously referred tentatively to the variety aciitum Moore.
From aeutiim it differs in the narrower and ftiore spatulate
pinnae, and commonly in the double crenation, for aeutiiin
is normally with entire, or at most slightly serrulate, pinnae.

192 THE WEST \TRGINIA FLORA

Mr. Morris states that typical vulgar e was common in the
general region ; from this it differs in its nmch greater size,
its scantier foliage, and in the shape of the pinnae. There
are in the National Herbarium at least two specimens, col-
lected in West Virginia and North Carolina, which with
plants collected at Great Falls, Fairfax County, Va., by
William Palmer, are to be regarded as intermediate with
typical z'ulgare, mossy boulders along the Blackwater Fork
of Cheat River (Millspaiigh).
P. POLYPODioiDE^ (Linn.) Hitch. Polypodiiim iiicanuiii Sw.

Rocks and tree trunks. Fayette: near Hawk's Nest (Por-
ter) ; opposite Gauley {Eggleston, 5525). Wirt: near Burn-
ing Springs (Marts).

CHEILANTHES, Sw.
C. LANOSA (Michx.) Watt. ' C. vcstita (Spreng.) Sw.

Rocky places, Jefferson: near Harper's Ferry (Mcrt:: &
Guttenherg) .
C. Feei Moore. C. lanuginosa, Nutt.

Cliffs. Fayette: near Kanawha Falls (James).
C. TOMENTOSA Link.

Grant: on the rocks of a high cliff at Peters Gap (A. B.
Brooks).

PELLAEA, Link.
P. ATROPURPUREA (L.) Link. Cliff Brake.

Dry rocks. Fayette: near Nuttallburg, rare (Nuttall).
Mercer: near Beaver Spring on exposed ledges, plentiful
(Millspaugh) .

PTERIDIUM Scop.
P. AouiLiNUM (L.) Kuhn. Brake or Bracken.

Thickets and hillsides. Common throughout. Upshur :
at School-house Summit. Webster: in Upper Glade (Mills-
paugh). Kanawha: near Coalburg and Charleston (James).
Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nuttall).

ADIANTUM, L.
A. PEDATUM, L. Maiden Hair Fern.

Rich moist woods. Common throughout the State
(Millspaugh). Preston: near Aurora (Mr. & Mrs. Steele).

ASPLENIUM, L.
A. piNNATiFiDUM Nutt. Splceuwort.

Cliffs and rocks. Jefferson: near Harper's Ferry (Mert::
& Gntteiiberg). Monongalia: near Dellslow (Sheldon,
361). Favettc : near Nuttallburg. in clefts of boulders, rare
(Nuttall)'

WEST N'IRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURN'EY " I93

A. Trichomanes. L.

Shaded cliffs. Wirt : near Burning Springs. Xicholas :
along Peter Creek. Fayette: near Xuttallburg {Xiitfall)
Preston: near. Aurora (Mr. & Mrs. Steele) ; and along the
Gauley River. Kanawha: near Coalburg (James). Gilmer:
near Glenville. Greenbrier : near White Sulphur Springs
(Millspaugh, Eggleston 5517).

A. TRICHOMANES INCISUM MoorC.

Summers: hills above Hinton (Eggleston, 5565).
A. PLATYNEURON (L.) Oakes. (A. ebeitnin. Ait.)

Frequent in rocky open woods. Kanawha: near Charles-
ton (Barnes). Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Xuttall).
Wirt: near Burning Springs (Millspaugh). Greenbrier;
near White Sulphur Springs (Eggleston, 5515). Preston
near Aurora (Mr. & Mrs. Steele).

A. MONTANUM, Willd.

Cliffs and rocks. Fayette : near Hawk's Nest (Porter)
(see ]\Ieehan's Monthly, Aug., 1892, plate) ; near Xuttall-
burg, alt., 2,000 ft. {Xiittall). Jefferson: near Harper's
Ferry. Randolph: near Helvetia (Merts & Gnttenherg).
Grant : near Bayard. Monongalia : on boulders along Tibb's
Run, plentiful (Millspaugh).

A. ANGUSTIFOLIUM Michx.

Rich woods. Ohio: near Wheeling (Mertc & Gnttenherg).
Preston: near Aurora (Mr. & Mrs. Steele). Fayette: near
Xuttallburg (Nuttall).

ATHYRIUM Roth.

A. THELYPTEROiDES (Michx.) Dcsv. (Aspleiiiiini Michx).

Rich woods. Kanawha: near Charleston (James). Fay-
ette: near Nuttallburg (Nuttall). Preston: near Aurora
(Mr. & Mrs. Steele). Jefferson: near Harper's Ferry
(Merts & Gnttenherg).

A. FiLix-FOEMiNA (L.) Roth. (Asplenium L.).

Randolph: at Glady (Greenman, 32). Moist woods. Gil-
mer: near Glenville (Mapel). Fayette: near Nuttallburg
(Nuttall). Ohio: near Wheeling (Mertz & Gnttenherg).
Tucker: near the Falls of Blackwater (Millspaugh). Pres-
ton: near Aurora (Mr. & Mrs. Steele).

A. FiLIX-FOEMINA PECTINATUj\r (Wall.)

Rich black soil. Tucker: Falls of the Blackwater (Mills-
paugh).

CAMPTOSORUS, Link.

C. RHizopHYLLus (L.), Link. Walking Fern. Walking Leaf.

Shaded rocks and conglomerate boulders. \\^irt : near

Burning Springs. Fayette : along the Gauley River ; near

iy4 'I'll'*- \\i'-sr NiKcixiA i-i.oka

Kanawha Trails {James). Tucker: at JJlackwaler Falls.
Gilmer: near Glenville {Mapel). Kanawha: near Coalburg
(Jariics). Fayette: near Nuttallburt:^ (Xuttall). Monon-
galia: near Morgantown {Millspaugh) . Summers: near
Hinton {Egglcstoii, 55^)4). Preston: near Aurora {Mr. &
Mrs. Steele).

PHEGOPTERIS, Fee.

P. Phegoptkris (Linn.) Underw, P. polypodioidcs, Fee.

Damp woods. Gilmer: near Glenville {Mapcl). Tucker:
near the Falls of Blackwater {Millspaiigli).
P. HEXAGONOPTER.\ (Michx.) Fee.

Open woods. Gilmer: near Glenville {Mapcl). Fay-
ette : near Nuttallburg, shaded fence rows and deep woods
{A'littall). Ohio: near Wheeling {Mcrta & Gnttcnbcrg).
Preston: near Aurora {Mr. & Mrs. Steele).
P. Dryopteris (F.) Fee.

Rocky woods. Preston: near Rowlesburg {Mert:: & Gut-
tenherg).

DRYOPTERIS Adans.

D. Thelypteris (Linn.) A. Gray. AspidiiiDi Tlielypteris {L..) Sw.
Marshy Meadows. Ohio: near Wheeling {Merts & Gnt-
tenberg). Preston: near Aurora {Mr. & Mrs. Steele).

D. NovEBORACENSis (Linn.) A. Gray. Aspidiuni Noi'ehoracense
(L.) Sw.

Moist woods. Randolph: on Rich Mountain, alt. 1,850
feet. {Millspaugh). Fayette: near Nuttallburg {Nnttall);
near Kanawha Falls {James). Kanawha: near Charleston
{James). Preston: near iXurora {Mr. & Mrs. Steele).

D. FRAGRANS (Linn.) Schott. Aspidlwm fragrans (L.) Sw.

Opens. Pocahontas : near summit of Spruce Knob, alt.
4,800 feet, where it is cut and cured for fodder {Mills-
paugh).

D. SPINULOSA (Retz.) Kuntze. Aspidiuni spiimlosiim {Retz.) Sw.
Damp woods. Wirt : above Burning Springs. Randolph :
on Rich Mountain. Preston: near Terra Alta. McDowell:
near Elkhorn {Millspaugh). Preston: near Aurora {Mr. &
Mrs. Steele). Fayette :\iear Nuttallburg {Xutfall). Web-
ster: at Tatcr Knob (//. H. Smith, 1496).

D. SPiNULo.sA INTERMEDIA (Muhl.) Uudcrw. Aspidiuui spinii-
losnm var. intermedium Eaton.

Deep rich woods throughout Grant, Tucker and Poca
hontas Counties. L^pshur : near Beech and Middle Fork
{Millspaugh). Fayette: near Nuttallburg {Nnttall). Pres-
ton: near Aurora {Mr. & Mrs. Steele). Randolph: along
a mountain brook near Whitmar {Greenniaii, 2/).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY I95

D. SPINULOSA DiLATATA (Hoffm.) Uiidcrw. Aspidiinn spinii'
losuui var. dilatatitui Hook.

Deep woods. Ohio: near Wheeling {Mcrtz & Gutten-
berg).
D. siMULATA Davenport. Bot. Gaz., 29:495 (1894).

Aspidiiiiii spinulosiLin var. Prel. Cat. Fl. W. Va., 482
(1892). Comparing my specimens from the deep, wet
woods of Randolph Co. with specimens of D. simulata re-
cently sent me by Professor Davenport, I find them identical.
In publishing the species Professor Davenport includes it
under Dryopteris as well as Aspidium, Nephrodium and
Lastrea.

In deep, wet woods under Black Spruce. Randolph : neai
Cheat Bridge, and Shades-of-Death (Millspaugh).
D. CRIST ATA (L.) A. Gray. Aspidium cristatiim (L.) Sw.

Swampy places. Preston : near Cranberry Summit {Mertz
& Guttenberg) ; near Reedsville and Terra Alta (Milh-
paugJi) ; near Aurora (Mr. & Mrs. Steele).
D. GoLDiEANA (Hook.) A.Gray. Aspidiujm Goldicanmii Hook.

Rich moist woods. Preston : near Cranberry Summit
{Mcriz & Guttenberg) ; near Aurora {Mr. & Mrs. Steele)
Fayette : near Nuttallburg (Nuttall).
D. P^iLix-MAs (L.) Schott. Male-fern. Aspidium Fili.r-uias Sw.

Rocky woods. Gilmer: near Glenville (Mapel).
D. MARGiNALis (L.) A. Gray. Aspidium marginale Sw.

Rocky hillsides in rich woods. Tucker: near Parsons
(Greenmau, 28). Gilmer: near Glenville (Mapel). Kan-
awha: near Charleston (James). Fayette: near Nuttallburg
(Xiiftall). Grant: near Bayard (Millspaugh). Preston:
near Aurora (Mr. & Mrs. Steele).

POLYSTICHUM Roth.

P. ACROSTiciioiDES (Michx.) Schott. Christmas Fern. Aspidium

acrostichoides Sw.

Rocky woods. Upshur : beyond Buckhannon. Randolph :

near Cricard (Millspaugh). Webster: near Tater Knob

(H. H. Smith, 1509). Gilmer: near Glenville (Mapel).

Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Ahtttall). Preston: near Aurora

(Mr. & Mrs. Steele). Barbour: near Tygart Junction

(Greenuiaii, 35).
P. ACROSTICHOIDES 6"cHWEiNiTzii (Bcck). Aspidiuiu aelvostl-

choidcs Sehzveinitzii (Beck.) B. S. P.

Rocky woods. Jefferson: near Harper's Ferry (Merts

& Guttenberg).

196 THE WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

FILIX Adans.

F. BULBiFERA (L.) Undcrw. Bladder Fern (Cystopteris biilbifcra
Bernh.).

Shaded ravines. Ohio: near Wheeling (Alertc & Gut-
tenberg). Fayette: near Nuttallburg, rare (Nuttall). Ran-
dolph: near Pickens {H. H. Smith, 1361).
F. I'RAGiLis (L.) Underw. (Cystopteris fragilis Bernh.).

Shady cliffs. Fayette : near Gauley Bridge along the
Kanawha (Millspaugh) ; near Nuttallburg (Nuttall).

ONOCLEA, L.

O. SENSiBiLis, L. Sensitive Fern.

Moist meadows. Monongalia : the Flats. Gilmer : near
Glenville (Mapcl). Fayette: near Kanawha Falls (James):
near Nuttallburg (Nuttall). Randolph: near Valley Head.
Upshur: near Buckhannon (Millspaugh). Preston: near
Aurora (Mr. & Mrs. Steele).

WOODSIA, R. Br.

VV. OBTUSA (Spreng.), Torr.

Rocks and cliffs. Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nuttall).
Randolph: near Cricard (Millspaugh). Preston: near Au-
rora (Mr. & Mrs. Steele).

DENNSTAEDTIA Bernh.

D. PUNCTiLOBULA (Miclix.) Moorc. Dickson's Fern (Dicksoiiia
punctilobula Hook).

Moist shady places. Randolph : on Rich Alountains, alt.
1.920 feet; Cheat mountains under Black Spruce, abundant
(Millspaugh). Gilmer: near Glenville (Mapel). Preston:
near Aurora (Mr. & Mrs. Steele). Fayette: near Nuttall-
burg, alt. 2,400 feet (Nuttall). Pendleton: on Spruce Knob
Grcenman, 31) ; near Kanawha Falls and Loup Creek
(James). Kanawha: near Charleston (James).

OSMUNDA L.

O. REGALis, L. Royal Fern.

Swampy meadows. Upshur: near Buckhannon (Pol-
lock). Pocahontas: near Travellers Repose (Greenman,
29). Upshur: near Randolph County line on Staunton Pike.
Webster : Upper Glade. Preston : near Terra Alta and Cold
Spring. Monongalia : near Camp Eden. McDowell : near
Elkhorn (Millspaugh). Gilmer: near Glenville (Mapel).
Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nuttall).

WEST \'IRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY IQ7

O. Claytoniana, L. Clayton's Flowering- Fern.

Low grounds. Preston: near Cranberry Summit {Mertr.
& Guttenberg.) Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nutfall)
O. ciNNAMOMEA, L. Cinnamon Fern.

Marshy places. Fayette: near Nuttallburg, alt. 2,000
feet (Nuttall). Preston: near Cranberry Summit (Merts
& Guttenberg). Randolph: along Shaver's Fork (Mills-
paiigh) ; near Pickens {H. H. Smith, 1392).

EQUISETACEAE.

EQUISETUM, L.
E. AR\'ENSE, L. Field Horsetail.

Moist, sandy fields. Frequent throughout the State

E. SYLVATICUM, L.

Damp rich woods. Mercer : near Ada. Monongalia • near
Little Falls {Millspaugh) .
E. HYEMALE, L. Scouring Rush.

Wet wooded banks. Wirt: near Burning Sprino-g (Mills-
paugh).
E. LAEviGATUM, Braun.

Clay banks along stream. Mercer: near Ingleside. (Mills-
paugh). ^

LYCOPODIACEAE.

LYCOPODIUM, L.
L. LuciDULUM Michx.

Cold damp woods. Grant: near Bayard, and Tucker
near Davis (Millspaugh). Randolph: near Cheat Bridge
{Millspaugh), and near Whitmar (Greemnan 22) Pres-
ton, near Aurora (Mr. & Mrs. Steele). Gilmer: near Glen-
ville (Mapel). Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nuttall)

L. ANNOTINUM L.

Cold woods. Randolph: plentiful along the west slope
of Cheat Mountains near Cheat Bridge {Millspaugh) Fzly-
ette: near Nuttallburg (A^w//a//). t ^ ^ y

L. OBSCURUM L. Ground Pine. (L. dendroideum, Michx )

Deep, moist woods. With the last, plentiful (Millspaugh)
Randolph : near Pickens (//.//. ^mz>/j 1824)
L. CLAVATUM L. Club Moss.

Dry woods. Common throughout the State

L. TRISTACHYUM Pursh.

Pendleton: on the western slope of Spruce Mountain
{Greenman, 24).

198

THE WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

L. coMi'LANATUM L. Trailing Christmas Green.

Deep coniferous woods. In the Alleghanies of Grant,
Tucker, Randolph and Pocahontas counties (Millspaiigh)
Fayette: near Nuttallburg- (Niittall).

SELAGINELLACEAE.

SELAGINELLA, Beauv.

RUPESTRis (L.) Spring.

Jefferson: near Harper's Ferry (Mcrtc & Giiftciibcrg).
APUS (L.) Spring

In a luxuriant mass among the grass and shrubs along
the edge of an island in the Bluestone River, opposite De-
lashmeet Creek, Mercer County, altitude 2,080 feet, July 27,
igoo {Morris, 1061). Monongalia: several stations near
Morgantown ; and Pocahontas: near Warnton (Sheldon).
Barbour: near Belington (A. B. Brooks).

Gymnospermae'

PIN ACE AE.

THUJA, L.

T. occiDEXTALis, L. Arbor Vitse.

Dry, rocky hills. ^Mineral : on Knobby iMountains. Grant

near Petersburg:.

JUNIPERUS, L.

J. coMxMUNis, L. Juniper.

Dry sterile hills. Wood : near Kanawha Station. Min-
eral : on Knobbv ^^lountains. Fayette : near Nuttallburg
(Nuttall).

J. Virgin: AN A L. Red Cedar. Savin.

Wood: near Lockhart's Run and Kanawha Station (Mills-
paiigh), near Nicollet (H. H. Smith, 2030). Wirt: on
Nigh-cut Hill. Fayette : near Crescent ; Kanawha Falls
(Janics) \ Nuttallburg (A^nttall). Mineral: on Knobby
Mountains. Jefferson : along the Potomac. Mason : near
Point Pleasant. Berkeley : near Martinsburg. Monongalia :
near Morgantown. Mercer: near Ingleside. Jackson and
Mason : along the Ohio River ; Cabell : along the C. & O. R.
R.. from Huntington, to St. Albans in Kanawha County.
Jefferson Co.. plentiful near Harper's Ferry, trunks 7 to 9
inches in diameter.

PINUS, L.

P. RESiNOSA Aiton. Pitch Pine.

Open woods. Preston: near Cranesville Glade (Rinnscx).
P. Strobus L. White Pine.

Wood : near Leachtown. Wirt : near Burning Spring.

Calhoun : near White Pine and Laurel Run. Pocahontas :

near Sunset. Greenbrier : near Caldwell. Fayette : near

■ Nuttallburg, probably introduced (Xutfall). Preston: near

Aurora (Mr. & Mrs. Steele).

* From here to the end of this work where no collector is
mentioned the localities are those of the author.

200 . TllK WEST \IUGINIA FLORA

P. Taeda L. Loblolly, or Old-field Pine.

Opens. Wood: near Kanawha Station. ]\lineral. Hamp-
shire, and Hardy : along the table-lands.

P. RiGiDA Mill. Pitch Pine.

Kanawha: near Charleston -(Barnes). Fayette: near
Nuttallburg, alt. 2,000 {Niittall). Greenbrier: near White
Sulphur Springs. Mineral : on Knobby Mountains. Web-
ster: on Tater Knob, Wood: near Nicollet {H. H. Smith.
1 5 10, 2026).

P. PUNGENS, Michx. f. Table Mountain Pine.

Dry rocky soils. Kanawha: near Charleston (Barnes)
Mineral on Knobby Mountain. Pendleton : foot hills of
Spruce Knob (A. D. Hopkins).

P. ViRGiNiANA Mill. Scrub Pine. (P. inops, Ait.).

Sterile hills. Greenbrier: near Caldwell; slopes of Kate's
Mountain, alt. 3,300 ft. (Small). Fayette: near Nuttall-
burg, a common second growth (Nut tall). Summers: near
Hinton (Eggleston, 5587). Berkeley: near Martinsburg
Mercer : near Ingleside. .

P. ECHiNATA Mill. Yellow Pine. (P. mitis, Michx.)

Wood: near Leachtown ; near Nicollet (H. H. Smith,

2025). Randolph: near Valley 'Bend. Summers: near
Hinton.

LARIX Adans.

L. LARiciNA (DuRoi) Koch. Tamarack (L. Americana Mx.)
Boggy lands. Preston: in Cranesville Glade (Riimsey)

PICEA, Link.

P. RUBENS Sarg. Black Spruce. "Yew Pine." "White Spruce,"
"Spruce Pine." (Picea Mariana Prel. Cat )

In 1901 there were magnificent forests in the following
regions where it grew at elevations varying from 2,500 to
4,000 feet :

Acres.

Randolph County on Elk and Gauley waters 15,000

Randolph County on Cheat waters 120,000

Randolph County on Mill Creek 5,ooo

Randolph County on Elk Mountain .500

Pocahontas County on Shaver's Fork of Cheat. . . . 20,000
Pocahontas County on the headwaters of Greenbrier

River 100,000

Pocahontas County on Elk and Gauley headwaters. 100.000
Tucker County on Cheat water 50,000

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 20I

Mineral County 25,000

Greenbrier County (by actual survey) 35A99

Total acreage 470,999

This estimate probably fell under the actual amount.

Summers : along Greenbrier River near Talcott. Mercer :
near Ingleside {Mills paugh). Preston: near Aurora {Mr.
& Mrs. Steele). Randolph: near Pickens and Turkey Bone
{H. H. Smith, 1411, 2055).

TSUGA, Carrier.
T. Canadensis (L.) Carr. Hemlock. Hemlock Spruce. Abies
Canadensis, Michx.

Rocky woods. Wirt : along Straight Creek. Calhoun :
on Laurel Run. Nicholas : near Beaver Mills. Grant : near
Bayard, abundant. Monroe : near Alderson. Preston : near
Terra Alta {Millspaugh) ; near Aurora {Mr. & Mrs. Steele).
Fayette: near Nuttallburg, plentiful {Nuttall). Mercer:
near Ingleside and Princeton. McDowell : near Elkhorn.
Monongalia : near Uffington and Tibb's Run.

ABIES, Miller.

A.' Fraseri (Pursh) Lindl. "Blister Pine." Balm-of-Gilead
Fir. Balsam Fir.

Mountain Swamps. Randolph : about two miles beyond
Cheat Bridge, along the Staunton Pike {Millspaugh; Shel-
don, 2585).

T A X A C E AE.

TAXUS, Linn.
Taxus Canadensis Marshall. {T. baccata, Canadensis Gray).
Damp hillside woods. Marion : near the mouth of Buf-
falo Creek {K. D. Walker). Taylor: near Nuzums. Fay-
ette : along Williams River. Randolph : in the Sink region
Greemnau, 198).

TYPHACEAE.

TYPHA, L.
T. LATiFOLiA, L. Cat Tail.

Ditches and swampy spots. Gilmer : near Glenville {Ma-
pel). Preston: near Terra Alta. Morgan: near Hancock.
Monongalia : near the Dille farm.

202 THE WEST \1KGINIA FLORA

S P A R G A X I A C E AE.

SPARGANIUM, L.
S. EURYCARPUM, Engelm. Bur-reed.

Borders of stream and still waters. Webster : in Welch
Glade. Greenbrier : near White Sulphur Springs.
S. DivERSiFOLiuM ACAULE ( Becby) Fern. & Earn.

Pocahontas: near Travellers Repose (Grccuiiiaii, 75).

POTAMOGETONACEAE.

POTAMOGETON, L.
P. LONCHiTES Tuck. P. flii'itaiis Roth.

In rivers and streams. Randolph : near Tygart's Vallev
River, near Huttonsville. Summers : New River : near Hin
ton.
P. Spirillus Tuckerman.

Randolph : in the Tygarts Valley River near Huttonsville
{Greenman, 132).
P. PECTiNATUS L. (Determined by F. V. Coville).

Forming- large masses on the bars of the Greenbrier River
at Talcott, Summers County, altitude 1,490 feet, August
24, 1900 {Morris, 1342).
P. DIMORPHUS Raf.

In still water. Hardy: near Aloorefield (A. B. Brooks).
P. EPIHYDRUS Raf.

Preston: in a ditch near Cranesville (Shcldo>i 3414 visa).

SCHEUCHZERIACEAE.

SCHEUCHZERIA L.
S. PALusTRis Linn.

Pocahontas: in Cranberry Glades (A. B. Brooks).

A L I S M A C E A E.

ALISMA, L.

A. Plantago-aouatica Linn.

Wet ditches. Monongalia : near Ice's Ferry. Summers :
near Hinton. Greenbrier : near AMiite Sulphur Springs.

SAGTTTARIA, L.

S. ARiFOEiA Nutt. Arrow-head.

In water or very wet places. Randolph : near Beverly.
Summers : near Hinton. Greenbrier : near White Sulphur

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 203

Springs. Wood : near Parkersburg. Marion : near Clements.
Fayette: near Xuttallburg- (Nvittall). Berkeley near Mar-
tinsburg.
forma angustifolia (Engelm.) Britt.

Wet places. Putnam : near Buffalo. Mason : near Point
Pleasant.
S. graminea Michx.

Summers : shores of New River near Hinton.

V A L L I S N E R I A C E A E.

VALLISNERIA L.
V. spiralis L. Eelgrass.

Among the pondweeds in the Greenbrier River at Tal-
cott. Summers County, altitude 1,490 feet, August 24,
1900 {Morris, 1341).

H Y D R O C H A R I T A C E A E.

PHILOTRIA Raf.

P. Canadensis (Michx.) Britton. W^ater-weed. (Elodea Cana-
densis Michx.)

Slow streams in slack water. Fayette : near Kanawha
Falls (James). Putnam : near Buffalo (Millspangh). Kan-
awha: near Charleston (Holton).

G R A M I N E AE.
TRIPSACUM, L.

T. DACTYLOIDES L.

Moist places. Fayette: near Nuttallburg (A'lttfall).

ANDROPOGON, L.
A. FURCATUS Muhl. Beard Grass.

Damp places. Randolph : along Tygart's Valley River
near Beverly. Monongalia : along the Monongahela below
Morgantown. Fayette: near Kanawha Falls. (James);
near Nuttallburg (NiittaU). Summers: near Greenbrier
Stockyards, and along Greenbrier River. Tavlor : near
Grafton. Preston: near Aurora (Mr. & Mrs. Steele). Bar-
bour : near Tygart Junction ; and Tucker : banks of the
Blackwater River near Hendricks (Greemnan, 38, 86).
A. scopARius Michx. "Broom Sedge."

Dry soils. Alonongalia : about Morgantown, plentiful.
Webster: near Upper Glade. Mason: near Point Pleasant

204 THE WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

Taylor: near Grafton. Preston: near Aurora {Mr. & Mrs.
Steele), and in every county visited.

This species which threatens to be our most pernicious
and wide-spread weed, is advancing eastward with the ut-
most aggressiveness. It has absolutely no fodder qualities,
its nutritive ratio being only i :i4.50, and its value as a
fertilizer only $2.37 per dry ton. The method of combating
this pest is as yet a mere matter of conjecture.

The plant is reported from Brooke : near Wellsburg and
Fowler's. Barbour : near Overfield, Pepper and Philippi.
Braxton : near Bulltown, Frametown, Tate Creek, Elmyra
and Newville. Cabell : near Union Ridge and Barboursville.
Clay: near Valley Fork. Doddridge: near Leopold, New
Milton and Center Point. Fayette : near Fayetteville, Moun-
tain Cove and Beets. Grant : near Medley, Petersburg and
Greenland. Greenbrier : near Frankford, Trout Valley and
Fort Spring. Hampshire : near Slanesville, Springfield and
Three Churches. Harrison : near Clarksburg, Lost Creek,
Bridgeport, Wallace, Wilsonburg, Adamsville, Good Hope
and Mount Clare. Hardy : near Moorefield and Wardens-
ville. Jefferson : near Kabletown. Jackson : near Grass
Lick, Sandy, Wilding, Belgrove, Odaville, Silverton and
Kentuck. Kanawha : near Pocataligo, Blandon and Gazil.
Lewis : near Vadis, Camden, Walkersville and Aberdeen,
Lincoln : near Hamlin. Mercer : near Princeton and New
Hope. McDowell : near Squire Jim. Monroe : near Cash-
mere and Johnson's X Roads. Mason : near New Haven,
Grimm's Landing and Maggie. Marion : near Canton, Farm-
ington, Eldora, Barracksville, Hoult and Gray's Flat. Mon-
ongalia : near Morgantown. Putnam : near Hurricane, Para-
dise, Carpenters and Confidence. Pleasants : near New Heb-
ron. Preston : near Masontown, Eglon and Amblersburg.
Ritchie : near Ritchie C. H. Berea and Cornwallis. Ran-
dolph : near Florence and Lee Bell. Roane : near Pencil,
Newton, Looneyville, Clio, Reedy and Countsville. Raleigh :
near Table Rock, Egeria and Raleigh C. H. Summers : near
Forest Hill, Talcott, Clayton and Indian Mills. Taylor : near
Knottsville, Thornton, Grafton and Meadland. Tyler : near
Wick and Long Reach. Tucker : near Texas, St. Georges
and Hendricks. Upshur: near Lawrence, Overhill, Fver-
green, French Creek and Hemlock. Wayne : near Adkin's
Mills and Egypt. Wetzel : near New Martinsville. Wirt :
near EHzabeth, Burning Springs, Reedy Ripple and Lee.
Wood : near Blennerhassett and Kanawha Station. Web-
ster : near Replete, and Welch Glade.

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 205

A. ViRGINICUS L.

Fayette: near Nuttallburg (NnttaU). Preston: near Au-
rora (Mr. & Mrs. Steele). Barbour: near Tygart Junction
(Greenman, 37).

CHRYSOPOGON Trin.
C. NUTAS (L.) Benth. Indian grass. Wood grass.

Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nuttall). Barbour: near Ty-
gart Junction (Greenman, 39).

SORGHASTRUM Nash.

S. AVENACEUM (Miclix.) Nash. (Chrysopogoii Michx.).

Dry fields, Preston: near Aurora (Mr. & Mrs. Steele).
Fayette: near Ouinnimont (Pollard & Ma.voii, 36).

PASPALUAI Linn.

P. MUCRONATUM Muhl.

In wet places. Kanawha: at the Salinas (Holtoii).

P. MUHLENBERGII Nash.

In dry or stony places. Monongalia : near Alorgantown
(Grout).

P. SETACEUM Michx.

Sandy soils. Monongalia : at the end of the Hogback,
Decker's Creek, near Morgantown (Millspaiigh).
P. LAEVE Michx.

Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nuttall). Kanawha: at Wash-
ington's Burning Springs near the Kanawha salinas (Hol-

tOfl).

P. LAEVE piLosuM Scribu.

Wyoming: along Horse and Hound Creeks, alt. 1,100 to
1,200 feet., near Baileysville (Morris, 1284).

SYNTHERISMA Walt.

S. LINEARIS (Krock.) Nash.

Fields and waste places, Preston : near Aurora {Mr. &
Mrs. Steele).
S. SANGUiNALis (L.) Dulac. Crabgrass, Crowfoot grass
(Paniciim L.).

Cultivated and waste grounds, common throughout the
State.

PANICUM Linn.

P. DiCHOTOMiFLORUM Michx. (P. geuieulatitni Ell., prolifcrum
Lam.).

Moist grounds along streams. Monongalia : near Mor-
gantown and Ufifington (Millspaugh : Post). Preston: near

206 THE VVliST X'lRGlNIA FLORA

Aurora (Steele). Randolph: at Tygart's Valley (/. D.
Smith; Greeninan, 8i). Tucker: near Parsons {Green-
man, 54). Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nuttall).

P. FLEXILE (Gattinger) Scribn. (F. capillar e canipestre Gatt.).
Dry fields. Monroe: Peters ]\Tountain (Steele, 281).

P. Gattingeri Nash. (P. capillar e canipestre Gatt.).

Dry fields. Alonongalia : on a sterile hillside up Falling
Run beyond the University ( Millspau-gh; Sheldon, 3084).
Preston: near Aurora (Steele).

P. Philadelphicum Bernh.

Dry, open ground. Preston: near Aurora (Steele). Wy-
oming : near Baileysville (Morris, 1283). Monongalia : near
Morgantown (Sheldon,, 3083). Randolph: gravelly bed of
Shavers Fork near Parsons (Greennian, 42).

P. capillare Linn. Ticklegrass.

Dry fields. Monongalia : near Morgantown, and Green-
brier : near White Sulphur Springs (Millspaugh). Fay-
ette: near Nuttallburg (Niittall). Monroe: near Old Sweet
Springs (Steele, 243). Preston: near Aurora (Mr. & Mrs.
Steele). Randolph: near Huttonsville and along the Black-
water River near Hendricks (Greennian, 84, 51).

P. VIRGATUM Linn.

Moist sandy soils. Monongalia : streets of Morgantown
where it seems to flourish, between the bricks of walks,
the better the more it is trodden upon ; and Mason : banks of
the Ohio River near Point Pleasant (Millspaugh). Tucker:
near Parsons (Greennian, 47). Fayette: near Nuttallburg
(Nuttall). Randolph: along the Blackwater River near
Hendricks (Greennian, 47).

P. AGROSTOiDES Spreng.

Wet meadows. Monongalia : below the mouth of Falling
Run near Morgantown, Kanawha : near Allen's Fork, and
LTpshur : near Lorentz (Millspangli). Fayette: near Nutt-
allburg (AUtttall). Wyoming: at the edge of thickets along
Horse and Hound Creeks, near Baileysville (Morris, 1277).
Barbour: near Tygart Junction (Greennian, 57).

P. STIPITATUM Nash.

Moist soils. Taylor: near Grafton ( Guttenberg; J. D.
Smith). Monongalia: near Sabraton (Sheldon, 2689).

P. ANCEPS Michx.

Moist sandy soils. Fayette: near Nuttallburg (ynttall).
Nicholas: at Richwood (H. H. Smith, 1745).

P. DEPAUPERATUM Muhl.

Dry opens. Monongalia: at Roundbottoms (Millspangli).
Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nuttall).
P. linearifoltum Scribn.

Dry wfods. Jefferson: near Harper's Ferry (Hitchcock).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 207

P. MICROCARPON Muhl.

Wet woods and swampy places. Monongalia : along the
Monongahela River {Millspaiigh, 198). Wyoming: near
Baileysville and McDowell: near Perryville {Morris, 1193,

1139)-
P. NiTiDUM Lam.

Moist grounds. Summers : along the edge of a meadow
at Bargers Spring (Morris, 984).
P. DiCHOTOMUM Linn.

Dry places. Fayette: (Morse) near Nuttallburg (Nntt-
all). Wyoming: near Baileysville (Morris, 1193a).
forma depauperata Vasey.

Dry sterile fields. Monongalia : up Falling Run beyond
the L'niversity (Mills pan gh) .

P. BARBULATUM Michx.

Sterile and rocky woods. McDowell : along Dry Fork
above Perryville, alt. 1,200 to 1.300 feet, and Wyoming:
along the Guyandotte River below Baileysville, alt. 1,100 ft.
(Morris, 11 39, 1193).
P. LuciDUM Ashe. (P. dichofomuui gracilc Torrey).

Wet bottoms, usually along runs. Wood : in a swampy
ditch near Kanawha Station. Wirt : in a weedy ditch near
Reedy Ripple and in a spring rill in rich woods near
Straight Creek. Randolph : in a cold rill in deep woods on
Point Mountain, alt. 3,200 feet ( Millspaugli).
P. LiNDHEiMERi Nash.

Sterile grounds. Summers: near Bargers Spring (Morris,
984).
P. HuACHUCAE siLvicoLA Hitclic. & Chase. (P. diclwtoiiiiini
fasciculatum Man.)

Drv open places. Monongalia and Marion: along the
railroad { Millspaugh) \ near Morgantown and Fairmont
(Hitchcock, 136-7).
P. Tennesseense Ashe.

Op'en' moist places and borders. Monongalia and Marion:
along the j\Ionongahela River (Millspaugh, 188, 197). Fay-
ette: near Quinnimont (Pollard & Maxon, 22).
P. viLLosissiMUM Nash. (P. pubescens Lam.).

Damp places. Lewis: along Leading Creek (Millspaugh).

P. tsugetorum Nash.

Sandy woods. Jefferson: near Harper's Ferry (Hitch-
cock, 135).

P. polyanthes Schult.

Damp places. Wyoming : shaded banks of the Guyandot
River near Bailevsville, alt. 1,100 feet (Morris, 1186).

2o8 THE WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

P. AsHEi Pearson.

Dry rocky woods. Monongalia: at Tibbs Run (Sheldon,
566). Fayette (Kellerman, 6901). Summers: in Oak and
Beech woods near Bargers Spring (Morris, 977).

P. COMMUTATUM Scliult.

Woods and copses. Fayette: (Kellerman, 6902).
P. CLANDESTiNUM Linn. Deer Tongue Grass.

Damp meadows. Monongalia: near Morgantown (Mills-
paiigh, Hitchcock). Preston: near Aurora (Steele). Up-
shur: near School House Summit (MillspaugJi). Fayette:
near Nuttallburg (Millspaugh, Kellerman). Summers:
near Riffe, and Monroe: near Wolf Creek (Millspaugh).
P. LATiFOLiuM Linn.

Rocky and sandy woods. Preston: near Aurora (Steele).

Pocahontas: near Marlinton (Kellerman, 6899).

P. Boscii Poir. (P. Porterianum Nash.)

Woodlands. Monongalia : near Little Falls, Wirt : near

Burning Springs, Greenbrier: near White Sulphur Springs

{Millspaugh). Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Niiftall).

ECHINOCHLOA Beauv.

E. Crus-galli (L.) Beauv. (Panicum Linn.)

Ditches and waste grounds. Monongalia : near Morgan-
town, Summers : near Hinton, and Greenbrier : near White
Sulphur Springs( Millspaugh). Fayette: near Nuttallburg
(Nuttall).
E. Walter: (Pursh) Nash.

Ditches. Monongalia : along the railroad near Little Falls
(Millspaugh) .

CHAETOCHLOA Scribn.
(Set aria, Beauv. 181 2.)

C. GLAUCA (L.) Scribn. Fox-tail Grass.

Common throughout the State, especially in stubble fields.
C. iMBERBis (Poir.) Scribn.

In moist soils, Preston : near Aurora (Mr. & Mrs. Steele).
C. viRiDis (L.) Scribn.

Roadsides and cultivated fields. Jackson : near Sandyville,
and on Limestone Ridge.
C. Italica (L.) Scribn.

Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nuttall). Webster: at
Hacker Valley (H. H. Smith, 1738).

CENCHRUS, L.

C. tribuloides L. Hedgehog Grass. Bur-grass.

Jefferson: near Harper's Ferry (Mert:; & Guttenberg).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 20g

HOMALOCENCHRUS Mie- (1768).
(Leersia, Swartz. 1788.)

H. A'iRGiNicus (W'illd.), Britten. White Grass. (Leersia Jlr-

giiiica, Willd.)

Wet places. Monongalia : near Beechwoods and Little

Falls. Fayette: near Niittallburg (Nuttall). Preston: near

Aurora (il/r. & Mrs. Steele). Randolph: near Huttonsville

(Grecntnan, 82).
H. ORYZoiDEs (L.) Poll. Rice Cut-grass. (Leersia ory:;oides,

Swartz.).

Wet grounds. Nicholas : in Collett's Glade. Fayette :

near Nuttallburg (Xiittall). Preston: near Aurora (Mr.

& Mrs. Steele).

PHALARIS, L.

P. ARUXDiNACEA L. Reed Canary-grass.

Wet places. Wood, in a spring rill near Kanawha Sta-
tion.
P. Canariensis Linn.

Established at Morgantown. Monongalia County (Shel-
don, 3=^98).

ARISTIDA, L.

A. DiCHOTOMA, Michx. Poverty Grass.

Fayette: near Nuttallburg ^Nuttall). Preston: near Au-
rora '(Mr. & Mrs. Steele)^.
A. OLIGANTHA Michx. Triplc-awued Grass.

Dry banks. Kanawha: near Charleston (Barnes).
A. LANOSA Muhl. (A. lanata Poir.)

Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Xiittall).

A. GRACILIS Ell.

Alonongalia : dry soils at Morgantown (Sheldon).

ANTHOXANTHUM Linn.

A. ODORATUM Linn.

Established rather extensively about Morgantown, ]\ron-
ongalia County (Sheldon).

^IILIU^I Linn.

M. EFFUSUM Linn.

Pocahontas: in Cranberry Glades (Sheldon, 3863).

MUHLENBERGL'X, Schreber.

M. soBOLiFERA (]\Iuhl.) Triu.

Favette : near Nuttallburg (Xnttall).

2IO THE WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

M. Mexicana (L.) Trin.

Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nnttall). Monongalia: on
campus, Morgantown {j\Iillspaugh). Preston: near Aurora
(Mr. & Mrs. Steele). Randolph: banks of Dry Fork near
Harman (Greenman, 46).
M. SYLVATiCA (Torn), Torr. & Gray.

Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Ntittall).
M. DIFFUSA, Schreb. Nimble Will.

Dry ground. Monongalia : along Decker's Creek. Fay-
ete: Nuttallburg (Nuttall). Preston: near Aurora (Mr. &
Mrs. Steele). Randolph: near Elkins (Greenman, 80).

BRACHYELYTRUM, Beauv.

B. ERECTUM (Schreb.) Beauv. (B. aristatum, Beauv.)

Rocky woods. Webster : near Welch Glade. Tucker :
near the Falls of Blackwater. Fayette : near NiUtallburg
(Nuttall).
Var. GLABRATUM, Vascy, in Millsp. Vxq\. Cat. Fl. W. \'a., 469.

A new variety discovered by Mr. L. W. Nuttall. It
agrees with the species except that it is perfectly smooth,
and has an awn-pointed second glume which is about one-
half the length of the flowering glume. Its most striking
peculiarity is that it has invariably two culms from each
rootstock.

High, rocky woods. Fayette : near Nuttalburg, rare
(Nuttall).

PHLEUM, L.

P. PRATENSE, L. Timothy.

A common escape from cultivation throughout the State.
Found even in the forests of the highest Alleghanies.

SPOROBOLUS R. Br.
S. NEGLECTUS Nash.

In drv places. Upshur: near French Creek (Sheldon.
2173).
S. VAGiNAEFLORus (Torr.) Wood.

In dry soils. Preston: near Aurora (Mr. & Mrs. Steele).
Monongalia: near Morgantown (C. F. Sheldon).

CINNA. L..

C. LATiFOLiA (Trev.) Griseb. (C. pendula Trin.).

Pocahontas : valley of the East Fork of the Greenbrier
River (Greenman, 88).
C. ARUNDiNACEA L. W^ood Reed-grass.

Wet places. Randolph : along Tygart's A' alley River
near Huttonsville. Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nuttall).

WEST VIRGINIA GKOLOGICAL SURVEY 211

AGROSTIS, L.
A. INTERMEDIA Scribn.

In dry soils, Preston: near Aurora (Mr. & Mrs. Steele).
A. ALTissiMA (Walt.) Tuckerman.

Sandy moist places, Preston: near Aurora (Mr. & Mrs.
Steele).
A. ALBA L. White Bent-grass, (incl. var. vulgaris (With. Thurb.)
Meadows and fields. A frequent escape in the western
counties. Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nuttall).
A. CANINA L.

On shaded banks of the Guyandotte River below Baileys-
ville, Wyoming County, altitude, i,ioo feet, August 13, 1900
(Morris, 1197).
Forma, aristata. Millsp. Prel. Cat. Fl. W. Va., 470.

Damp meadowlands. Monongalia : along Falling Run
(Millspaugh, 244). Wyoming: near Baileysville (Morris,
1197).
A. PERENNANS (Walt.), Tuckemi. Thin Grass.

Damp, shady places. Randolph : along Cheat River in
clearings. Monongalia : near Little Falls. Fayette : near
Nuttallburg {Nuttall). Preston: near Aurora {Mr. & Mrs.
Steele).
A. HYEMALis (Walt.), B. S. P. Hair Grass. A. Scabra, Willd.
Moist fields. Preston : near Terra Alta. Fayette : near
Nuttallburg (Nuttall).

CALAMAGROSTIS Adans.
C. ciNNOiDES (Muhl.) Scribn.

Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nuttall).

HOLCUS, L.
H. LANATUS L. Velvet Grass. "Old White Top." "Feather
Grass."

Frequent in damp meadows. Monongalia : along the F.
M. & P. R. R. Upshur : near Faurentz. Randolph : along
Tygart's Valley River. Grant : near Bayard. Nicholas : in
Collett's Glade. Fayette : near Hawk's Nest, and Kanawha
Falls (James); Nuttallburg (Nuttall). Randolph: at Pick-
ens (H. H. Smith, 1390).

ARRHENATHERUM, Beauv.
A. ELATius (L.) Beauv. Oat Grass. (A. avenaceum, Beauv.)
Fields and yards. Monongalia, abundant and becoming a
nuisance.

The lower campus (half orchard) that yielded a good
crop of Orchard-grass last season, was almost completely

212 THE WEST VIRGINIA ELORA

this species this year. Our analysis of this grass shows a
nutritive ratio of only i :<S.i3. Fayette: near Nuttallhurg
(Niittall).

A VENA Linn.
A. FATUA Linn.

Established at Morgantown, Monongalia County {Shel-
don, 4309).

DANTHONUA, DC.

D. spicATA (L.) Beauv. Wild Oat-grass.

Dry soil. Monongalia : near Beechwoods and Little Falls.
Randolph : on a dry boulder, summit of Point Mountain,
alt. 3,750 feet. Fayette: near Nuttallhurg (Nnttall).

D. coMPRESSA^ Austin.

Dry banks. Tucker : near the Falls of Blackwater. Fay-
ette : near Nuttallhurg (AUittall). Randolph: near Pickens
(H. H. Smith, 1355) r

SPARTINA, Schreb.

S. CYNOSUROiDES (L.) WiUd. Fresh-water Cord-grass.

Ohio: on Bogg's Island (Merta & Gnttenbcrg). Bar-
bour: near Tygart Junction (Grccniiiau, 43). Fayette:
near Nuttallhurg (Nnttall).

ELEUSINE Gsertn.

E. Indica (L.), Gaertn. Dog's Tail or Wire Grass.

Yards and streets. Kanawha : near Cannellton. Mon-
ongalia : near Morgantown. Mason : near Point Pleasant.
Berkeley : near Martinsburg. Favette : near Nuttallhurg
(Nut fail).

DACTYLOCTENIUM Willd.

D. Aegyptium (L.) Willd. Crab-grass. Yard-grass.
Yards and lawns. Monongaha ; on the campus.

TRICUSPIS Beauv.

T. seslerioides (Michx.) Torrey. Tall Red Top. Triodia
cuprea ]. F. Jacq.

Dry or sandy fields. Monongalia near Little Falls. Wood :
near Selden. Fayette: near Nuttallhurg (Nuttall).

PHRAGMITES Trin.

P. Phragmites (L.) Karst.

In wet places. Kanawha: near Charleston (Holt on).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 2I3

ERAGROSTIS,, Beauv.

E. HYPNOiDES (Lam.), B. S. P. E. reptans, Nees.

Shores of rivers. Summers : along New River near Hin-
ton. Kanawha: at the Salinas {Holton). Wood: along
the Ohio River near Parkersburg. ]\Iason : near Point Pleas-
ant. Ohio: near Wheeling {Mertz & Guttciihcrg).
E. Eragrostis (L.) Karst. E. minor Host.

Waste places. Mason: near Point Pleasant (Millspaugh).
E. major. Host.

Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Xiittall).
E. PILOSA (L.), Beauv.

Jefferson: near Harper's Ferry (Mertz & Gitttenberg).
Fayette : near Nuttallburg (N'littall) ; near Hawks Nest
(Holton). Preston: near Aurora (Mr. & Mrs. Steele).
E. Purshii, Schrader.

Sterile or sandy soils. Monongalia ; near Little Falls,
and on the campus.
E. CAPiLLARis (L.), Nees.

Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nuttall). Preston: near Au-
rora (Mr. & Mrs. Steele).
E. Frankii, ste'ud.

Shores of rivers. Summers : along New River near Hin-
ton (M ills p ail gh). Randolph: near Huttonsville (Green-
man, 83).
E. PECTiNACEA (Michx.) Stcud.

Monongalia: dry soils near Morgantown (Slicldon).

EATONL\ Raf.

E. OBTUSATA (Michx.), Gray.

Rich woods. Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Xnttall.)
E. Pennsylvanica (DC.), Gray.

Moist opens. Monongalia : near Beechwoods and on the
campus.
E. NiTiDA (Spreng.) Nash.

Dry woods. Monongalia : near Tibbs Run (Sheldon, 625).

MELICA L.

M. MUTicA, Walt.

Rich soil. Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Xnttall).

KORYCARPUS, Zea (1806).

(Diarrhena, Beauv. 1812.)
K. DiANDRUS (Michx.) Kuntze. (K. Americana Kuntze.)

Shaded liver banks. Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Xnttall).

214 THE WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

UNIOLA L.

U. LATIFOLIA^ Michx.

Shady places: Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nuttall).

DACTYLIS L.
D. GEOMERATA L. Orchard Grass.

Fields and meadows. Common throughout, especially
in shady places.

CYNOSURUS Linn.
C. CRi STATUS Linn.

Established at Morgantown, Monongalia County (Sheldon,
1617).

POA L.

P. ANNUA L. Low Spear-grass.

Ohio: near Wheeling {Mcrtz & Guttenberg). Fayette'
near Nuttallburg {Nuttall).
P. COMPRESSA L. Wire Grass.

Sterile soil in crevices of rocks. Plentiful throughout
the State.
Forma depauperata, Millsp. Prel. Cat. Fl. W. Va., 472.

On rocks. Monongalia : along Falling Run, especially
at the cascade.
P. PRATENSis L. Blue Grass.

Dry soils and meadows. Common throughout the State,
even in the higher Alleghanies.
P. TRiviALis L. Roughish Meadow-grass.

Moist meadows. Monongalia : along the Monongahela
at Little Falls.
P. SYLVESTRis Gray.

Ohio: near Wheeling {Mert:: & Guttenberg).
P. ALSODES Gray.

Hillside woods. Monongalia : along Day Creek near Lit-
tle Falls. Fayette: near Nuttallburg "^(iVw^/a//).
P. AUTUMNALis Muhl. P. flexuosa Muhl.

Tyler : near Long Reach.

P. BREVIFOLIA Muhl.

Ohio: Woods Run near Wheeling (Merts & Guttenberg).
Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nuttall).

PANICULARIA Fabr. (1763)

(Glyceria, R. Br. 1810.)

P. Canadensis (Michx.) Kuntze.

Woods. Fayette: near Nuttallburg {Nuttall).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 21 5

P. ToRREYANA ( Spreng. ) Men-. {P. chngata Kuntze).

Wet woods. Webster: along the ridge of Buffalo Bull
Mountain. Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nuttall).
P. NERVATA (Wind.) Kuntze. Foul Meadow-grass.

Moist meadows. Common throughout.
Foniia MAJOR. Millsp. Prel. Cat. Fl. W. Va., 473.

Monongalia : sand bars in Monongahela River near Little
Falls.
P. MELicARiA (Michx.) Hitchcoclv.

Fields, Randolph: near Pickens (H. H. Smith, 1374).

FESTUCA L.
F. oviNA Linn.

Waste grounds. ^lonongalia : near Morgantown (Shel-
don, 1588).
F. OCTOFLORA Walt. (/7. f^„^//^^ Willd.)

Dry open woods. Wirt: hills above Burning Springs.
F. ELATioR L. Meadow Fescue. (F. pratensis Huds.)

Fields. Monongalia: near Beechwoods. Fayette: near
Kanawha River (James); near Nuttallburg (Nuttall).
. Aleadows. Wood : near Kanawha Station, and elsewhere
frequent.
F. NUTANS Willd.

Rocky woods. Randolph : on dry boulder, summit of
Rich Mountain. Webster: roadsides near Long Glade.
Fayette: near Nuttallburg (iVw/^a//).

BROMUS L.
B. HORDEACEus L. Soft Chess. (B. mollis L.)

Wheat fields and waste grounds. Monongalia: on the
campus.
B. SECALiNUS L. Cheat or Chess.

Wheat fields and waste places. A too common nuisance.
B. RACEMOsus L. Upright Chess.

Fields common throughout the State.
B. iNERMis Leyss.

Established at ^lorgantown, Monongalia County (Shel-
don, 1587).

B. CILIATUS L.

River banks. Wood: along the Little Kanawha River
near Kanawha Station. Monongalia : along the Mononga-
hela near Little Falls. Randolph : near Huttonsville (Green-
man, 85).

AGROPYRON J. Gaertn.
A. REPENS (L.) Beauv.

Established at Morgantown, Monongalia County (Shel-
don, 4133)-

2i6 THE vvi-:sT Virginia flora

LOLIUAL L.

L. Italicum a. Br.

Common on lawns, ^[arion: at Fairmont { Boutloii). Up-
shur: near French Creek {F. E. Brooks).

L. PERENNE L. Darnel. Rye Grass. English Blue Grass.

Lawns, introduced with "Lawn Grass Seed." Monon-
galia: at Morgantown. Fayette: near Nuttallburg {Niittall).

ELYMUS L.

E. ViRGiNicus L. Virginia Wild-rye.

River banks. Ohio: near Wheeling (Mertc & Giittcnbcrg).
Mason : near Point Pleasant. Fayette : near Nuttallburg
(Nuttall).

E. Canadensis, glaucifolius (Muhl.) Gray.

Dry banks and roadsides. Kanawha : along 8-Mile Creek.
Mason : near Point Pleasant. Fayette : near Nuttallburg

{Nuttall).

E. striatus Willd.

Rocky banks. Monongalia : along the ^lonongahela River
below Morgantown.

Var. \'iLLosus Gray.

Monongalia : banks of the Monongahela below Morgan-
town.

E. HiRSUTiGLUMis Scribu. & Sm.

River banks. Monongalia: near Morgantown (Sheldon).

E. iNTERMEDius Scribn. & Smith.

Tucker : banks of the Blackwater River near Hendricks ;
and Pocahontas : East Fork of the Greenbrier River near
Travelers Repose {Grcounan, 56, 89).

HYSTRIX Moench. (1794).

(Asprella, Willd. 1809.)

H. Hystrix (L.) Millsp. Bottle-rush Grass.

Moist woodland banks. Scattering in Wood, Wirt, Cal-
houn, Gilmer, Lewis, Upshur, Monongalia, Randolph, Web-
ster and Nicholas counties. Fayette : along the Gauley River ;
near Gauley Mountains; near Nuttallburg; near Kanawha
Falls (/fl/urj-). Summers : near Hinton. Mason : near Point
Pleasant. Harrison : near Lumberport.

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 21/

CYPERACEAE.

CYPERUS L.
C. RivuLARis Kunth.

Tucker: bed of Shavers Fork near Parsons {Greenman,
130).
C. ovuLARis (Michx.) Torrey.

Dry fields. Mason :near Point Pleasant {Sheldon, 1943).
C. FLAVESCENS L. Galingale.

Low grounds. Monongalia and Alarion : along the Mon-
ongahela River. Mason : near Point Pleasant. Fayette : near
Nuttallburg {Nuttall). Preston: near Aurora {Mr. & Mrs.
Steele). Tucker: bed of Shavers Fork near Parsons and
Railroad ditch near Hendricks {Greeiiiiian, 123, 124).
C. DiANDRUS Torr.

Fayette: near Nuttallburg {Nuttall). Preston: near Au-
rora {Mr. & Mrs. Steele).
C. ESCULENTUS L. Edible Galingale.

Preston: near Rowlesburg {Merts & Guttenberg). Pres-
ton: near Aurora {Mr. & Mrs. Steele).
C. STRiGOSUS L. Lank Galingale.

Low grounds. Jackson : near Sandyville. Monongalia :
near Morgantown. Fayette: near Nuttallburg {Nuttall).
Preston: near Aurora {Air. & Mrs. Steele). Tucker: bed
of Shavers Fork near Parsons {Greenman, 125).
C. REFRACTUS Engclm.

Fayette: near Hawk's Nest {T. C. Porter).
C. RETROFRACTUS (L.) Torr.

Along the Guyandot River below Baileysville, Wyoming
County, altitude 1,100 feet, August 18, 1900 {Morris, 1236a).
C. Lancastriensis Porter.

Summers : shores of New River, near Hmton.

C. FILICULMIS Vahl.

Along the Guyandot River below Baileysville, Wyoming
County, altitude 1,100 feet {Morris, 1267). Mason: near
Point Pleasant {Sheldon, 1940).

KYLLINGA Rott.
K. puviiLA Michx.

Fayette: near Nuttallburg {Nuttall); opposite Gauley
Junction {Eggleston, 5528).

DULICHIUM L. C. Richard.

D. arundinaceum (L.) Britton. D. spathaceum Fers.

Along streams. Randolph : Tygart's A'^alley River near
Huttonsville {Millspaitgh, Greenman, 92). Fayette: near
Nuttallburg {Nuttall). ^

2l8 THE WKST VIRGINIA FLORA

ELEOCHARIS R. Br.

E. TUBERCULOSA (Michx.) R. & S.

Sands of New River. Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nutt-
all).
E. ovATA (Roth.) R. & S. {E. obtusa Schult.)

Wet places. Fayette : along turnpike opposite Gauley
Junction (Eggleston, 5527-6). Randolph: near Pickens (H.
H. Smith, 1362). Muddy places. Upshur: near Buck-
hannon. Randolph : Tygart's Valley River. Fayette : near
Kanawha Falls (James) ; near Nuttallburg {Nuttall). Pres-
ton: near Aurora {Mr. & Mrs. Steel). Monongalia: near
Morgantown (Sheldon, 675). Randolph: Tygarts Valley
River, near Elkins and Huttonsville ; and Tucker : near Par-
sons (Greennian, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108).
E. PALUSTRIS (L.) R. & S.

Ohio: near Wheeling (Mertz & Guttcnhcrg). Fayette:
near Nuttallburg (Nuttall) :
Var. GLAUCESCENS (Willd.) Gray.

Jefferson: near Harper's Ferry (Mertz & Guttenhcrg).
Preston: near Aurora (Mr. & Mrs. Steele).
E. TENUIS (Willd.) Schult. "Kill Cow." "Poverty Grass."
Damp places, abundant everywhere.

Note. — The above names are applied along Tygart's Val-
ley River, where in places this species grows so abundant as
to take whole fields, and as cattle will not thrive upon it,
these names suggested themselves.
E. ACICUI.ARIS (L.) R. & S.

Jefferson: near Harper's Ferry (Mcrta & Guttenbcrg).

E. TRicosTATA Torrey.

In wet places. Monongalia: along Tibbs Run (Sheldon,

595)-

FIMBRISTYLIS Vahl.

F. AUTUMN ALis (L.) Roem. & Schult.

Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nuttall).

SCIRPUS, L.

S. Americanus Pers. 6^. pungens Vahl.

Jefferson: near Harper's Ferry (Mertz & Guttenhcrg).
S. vALiDus Vahl. (S. lacustris Am. auth.).

Tucker: bank of Shavers Fork, near Parsons (Greenman,
121). Glady places. Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nuttall)?
S. DEBiLis Pursh.

Wet places. Tucker : bed of Shavers Fork, near Parsons
(Greenman, 69).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 2I9

S. SYLVATICUS L.

Glady places. Fa3'ette : near Nuttallburg {Nuttall).

S. ATROVIRENS, IMuhl.

Boggy places. Monongalia : along the Monongahela
River. Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nuttall). Randolph:
near Pickens (H. H. Smith, 1394).
.S. POLYPHYLLus Vahl.

Randolph: along Tygart's Valley River; near Pickens
{H. H. Smith, 1393) ; near Harman (Greenman, 117).
Preston: near Aurora (Mr. & Mrs. Steele). Fayette: near
Nuttallburg ( Millspaugh) .
S. LINEATUS Michx. Cotton Grass.

Low grounds. Monongalia : along Falling Run, above
the campus.
S. cYPERiNus (L) Kunth. Wool Grass.

Wet meadow lands. Monongalia, frequent. Upshur :
near Buckhannon. Webster : in Long Glade. Kanawha :
up 8-Mile Creek. Tucker : bank of Shavers Fork, near Par-
sons; and Randolph: top of main ridge of the Alleghany
Mountains opposite Spruce Knob (Greenman, 118, 120).
S. Eriophorum Michx.

Low, wet places. Barbour : near Tygart Junction ( Green-
man, 326).

ERIOPHORUM L.
E. Virginicum L.

Damp places. Fayette : near Nuttallburg. Preston : near
Cranberry Summit (Alert.': & Giittenberg) ; near Aurora
(Adr. & Mrs. Steele).

RYNCHOSPORA, Vahl.

R. GLOMERATA (L.) Vahl. Beak-rush.

Low grounds. Webster : Upper Glade. Monongalia :
near Morgantown. Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nuttall).
Preston: near Aurora (Mr. & Mrs. Steele). Pocahontas:
near Travelers Repose (Greenman, 122). Tucker: banks
of the Blackwater River near Hendricks (Greenman, 12^).

CAREX L.

C. FOLLICULATA L.

Margins of streams. Tucker : near Falls of Blackwater.

C. INTUMESCENS RudgC.

Wet places. Fayette : near Nuttallburg. Tucker : near

Falls of Blackwater. Randolph : in Blister Swamp near

Gandy Creek (Greenman, 58). Preston: near Terra Alta.

C. Asa-Grayi Bailey. Gray's Sedge. (G. Grayi Carey).

Meadows and copses. Upshur: near Beech Fork.

220 THE WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

C. LUPL'LiNA, ]\hihl. Hop Sedge.

Wet places. Upshur : near Laurentz (Millspaitgh). Ran-
dolph: near Huttonsville {Greenman, 60).

C. UTRICULATA BoOtt.

In a meadow at Bargers Spring, Summers County, alti-
tude 1,500 feet, July 13, 1900 {Morris, 995).
C. LURiDA Wahl. Pale Sedge. (C. tentaciila, Muhl.)

Swampy spots. Monongalia : along Falling Run. Wood :
near Lockhart's Run. Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nuttall).
Randolph: Dry Fork River, near Harman {Greenman, 61).
Randolph: near Pickens {H. H. Smith, 1352).
C. Baileyi Britton. Slender, Pale Sedge.

On mossy boulders. Webster : along Buffalo Bull Moun-
tain, alt. 2,575 feet. Tucker : near Falls of Blackwater.
C. Frankii Kunth. (C. stenolepis Torr.)

Damp meadows. Monongalia : along Falling Run. Fay-
ette : near Nuttallburg {Nuttall).
C. squarrosa L.

River banks. Monongalia : mouth of Falling Run. Fay-
ette : near Nuttallburg {Nuttall).
C. TYPHNOiDES Schwcin.

Banks of the Ohio river near Point Pleasant, ^lason Co
{A. Lee Post 1725). Monongalia: near Morgantown {Shel-
don 3582).
C. Shortiana Dewey.

Ohio: near ^^lleeling {Merts, 3320).
C. stricta Lam.

Sphagnum Swamp. Fayette: near Nuttallburg {Nuttall).
C. torta Boott.

Cold, damp places. Fayette: near Nuttallburg {Nuttall).
C. prasina Wahl.

Favette : bed of Keeney's Creek, near Nuttallburg {A'litt-
all).^
C. CRiNiTA Lam.

Damp swales. General throughout the State even in the
higher mountains.
C. CRiNiTA X C. PRASINA ? Bailey in Millsp. Prel. Cat. Fl. W. Va.
460.

Fayette: along a run in Sugar Camp Hollow {Nuttall).
C. VIRESCENS Muhl.

Banks and copses. Wood : near Lockhart's Run.
C. cosTELLATA Brittou. ( C. virescens costata Dew.)

Banks. Fayette: near Nuttallburg {Nuttall). Preston:
near Aurora {Mr. & Mrs. Steele).
C. TRICEPS Michx.

Dry pastures. Wood : near Kanawha Station. Fayette :
woodland border of swamp near Nuttallburg {Nuttall).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 221

C. TENUIS Riidge. (C dcbilis Rudgci Bailey.)

On mossy boulders. Randolph : summit of Rich Mountain,
alt. 2,850 ft. ; undrained meadows of Tygart's Valley River ;
Point Mountain, on perfectly dry rock, alt. 3,650 ft.

A very common sedge in the mountains on mossy boulders
and along runs. Beautiful growths occur all along the Black-
water Fork of Cheat. Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Niittall.)
C. OBLiTA Stend. (C venusta minor Boeck.)

Fayette: near Masterton's Swamp, Nuttallburg (Nuttall.)

C. OLIGOCARPA Schk.

Rich hillsides; Ohio: near Wheeling (Merts, 3257).
C. HiTCHCOCKiANA Dcwcy.

Ohio: near Wheeling (Mcrtc).

C. GRACILLIMA Schw.

Low grounds. Tucker : near Falls of Blackwater. Fay-
ette : near Nuttallburg (Nuttall).
C. AMPHiBOLA Stend. (C. grisca augustifolia Boott).

Fayette: on banks near Nuttallburg (Xuttall).

C. GLAUCODEA Tuck.

Meadows; Fayette: near Nuttallburg (AUittoll).

C. GRANULARIS Muhl.

Monongalia : in a damp meadow near Morgantown (Shel-
don 3588).
C. LAxiFLORA Lam.

Ohio : on Thomas Hill near Wheeling. Greenbrier : near
White Sulphur Springs (Heller, 1314).
Var. LATiFOLiA Boott.

Deep woods. ^Monongalia : banks of Day Creek. W^irt :
banks of Straight Creek. Favette : near Nuttallburg (Nutt-
all).
Var. PATULiFOLiA (Dewey) Carey.

Fayette: shady bank, near Nuttallburg (Nuttall).
C. DIGITALIS, Willd.

In deep woods. Grant : near Bayard. Favette : near Nutt-
allburg (Nuttall).

C. LAXICULMIS Schw.

Glady places. Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nuttall),
C. PLATYPHYLLA Carey.

Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nuttall).

C. PLANTAGINEA Lam.

Rich wood. Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nuttall).
C. VARiA Aluhl.

Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nuttall).
C. Pennsylvanica Lam.

Ohio : near Wheeling ( Mcrt~ & Guttcnhcrg). Greenbrier :
near White Sulphur .Springs (Heller. 829).

222 THE WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

C. FEDiCELLATA (Dewcy) BrittOH. (C. conimunis Bailey).

Fayette: dry soil under cliffs, near Nuttallburg (Nitttall).
C. Jamesii Schwein.

Fayette: open woods near Nuttallburg (Nnttall).
C. roLYTRicHoiDES Willd. ' (C leptalea Wahl.)

Fayette: sphagnvim swamp near Nuttallburg (Nutlall).
C. Fraseri And. Frazer's Sedge.

The following remarks of Prof. T. C. Porter render it
evident that this rare and odd sedge came originally from
Randolph or Barbour county, each of which lies between the
headwaters of the two Kanawhas :

"Muhlenberg, in his Descriptio ubcrior Graminum, etc.,. p.
265, under C. lagopus ?, which is C. Fr-aseri, Andrews, adds
these words, 'Habitat in Tyger- Valley, Pennsylvania, eunde
siccam hahco et vivani.' Kin, the German gardner who col-
lected in Pennsylvania, brought it home, and his label reads
thus : 'Deigher VValli in der Wilternus.' Dr. Gray haj
shrewdly conjectured that by 'Deigher Walli,' or Tygert Val-
ley, is meant Tygart's Vallev, which lies further south in
Virginia." In a footnote. Prof. Porter adds "a box contain-
ing the Carices of Muhlenberg has just been discovered
(1877) in the herbarium of the Academy, Philadelphia, and
the label attached to the specimens of Kin's collection places
Tyger Valley 'prope amnem Kenahway.' "

As the two Kanawhas lie entirely within the State of
West Virginia, there seems to be little doubt as to the pro-
priety of including this species in this Flora.

Since writing the above Mr. Nuttall has found a plentiful
station for this species near Nuttallburg in the Great Kana-
wha region.
C. STiPATA Muhl.

Ohio: near Wheeling (Mertz & Guttenberg). Fayette:
near Nuttallburg (Nnttall). Mercer: near Bluefield.
C. vuLPiNOiDEA Michx.

Monongalia : along Falling Run. Wirt : near Burning
Spring. Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nnttall). Randolph:
near Pickens (H. H. Smith 1357).
C. ROSEA Schk.

Fayette: R. R. bank near Nuttallburg (Nnttall).
Var. RADiATA Dewey.

Open places. Monongalia : near Round Bottom. Wirt :
along Straight Creek. Randolph : on Point Mountain, alt.
3,450 ft.; also on a dry rock, alt. 3,650 ft. (Millspaugh) ;
western slope of the main ridge of the Alleghany Mountains
above Horton (Greenman, 116). Fayette: cliffs, rocks and
banks, near Nuttallburg (Nnttall).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 223

C. RETROFLEXA Muhl.

Fayette: Swampy place near Nuttallburg (Nuttall).

C. SPARGANIOIDES Muhl.

Fayette: wet open banks near Nuttallburg {Nuttall).
C. lAIuKLENBERGii Schk., z^ar.^Bailey in Millsp. Prel. Cab. Fl.
An nitermediate between the type and variety enervis, Mc
Bailey. Randolph : .on an undrained meadow along- Tyeart's
Valley River, near Cricard. ' t, .rs

Var. Xalapensis (Kth.) Britton.

Opens. Lewis : along- Leading Creek.
C. cephalophora Muhl.

Fayette: banks near Nuttallburg (Nuttall).
C. brunescens (Pers.) Poir.

Pendleton : on Spruce Knob, alt. 4,860 ft. (A. B Brooks
3307).
C. Brunnescens gracilior Britton. (C. canescensvulgarisBTiWey).
On a dry conglomerate rock. Randolph : summit of Rich
Mountain, alt. 2,850 ft.
C. TRIBULOIDES Wahl.

In a springy rill. Wood : near Kanawha Station
Var. TURBATA Bailey.

Fayette: low copse near Nuttallburg (Nuttall)
C. scoPARiA Schk.

Open swales. Monongalia : along Falling Run. Fayette •
banks of river and in sphagnum bog near Nuttallburg (Nutt-
all) ; dry glade, Alderson Farm (Nuttall).

C. STRAMINEA Willd.

Dry soils. Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nuttall)

C. SCABRATA Schwciu.

Randolph: in a mountain ravine near Whitmar (Green-
man, 59). ^

C. BicKNELLii Britton.

Monongalia: in dry soil near Tibb's Run (Sheldon 593).

A R A C E AE.

ARISAEMA Mart.
A. TRiPHYLLUM (L.), Torr. Jack-in-the-Pulpit.

Rich, damp woods. Common throughout the State
A. Dracontium (L.) Schott. Green Dragon.

Low grounds. Gilmer: near Glenvi'lle (Mapel).

SPATHYEMA Raf. (1808).
(Symplocarpus, Salisb. 1812.)
S. FOETiDA (L.),Raf. Skunk Cabbage.

Boggy meadows. Preston : near Terra Alta, ^lonongalia •
on the Dille farm.

224 '''!"■- Wi:ST \IRCINIA FLORA

Reported from : Brooke : near WellsbursT; and Fowlers.
Berkeley : near Martinsbiirg and Hedgesville. Barbour :
near Belington. Cabell : near Milton. Grant : near Medley,
Greenland, Mount Storm, Ad^aysville and Petersburg. Green
brier : near Trout Valley and Fort Spring. Hampshire : near
Slanesville and Capon Bridge. Harrison : near Lost Creek,
Bridgeport andj3ood Hope. Hardy : near Wardensville and
Old Fields. Hancock : near Fairview and New Cumberland.
Jefferson : near Kabletown and Summit Point. Jackson :
near Odaville. Lewis : near Walkersville. Mercer : near
New Bramwell and Princeton. Mason : near Maggie.
Mineral: near Blaine. Marion: near Gray's Flats. .Mar-
shall ; near St. Joseph and Glen Easton. Ohio : near West
Liberty. Pocahontas : near Lobelia. Pleasants : near Schultz.
Preston : near Terra Alta, Masontown, Eglon and Amblers-
burg. Randolph : near Lee Bell, Kerens and Cricard. Roane :
near Clio. Summers : near Talcott and Clayton. Taylor :
near Knottsville. Upshur : near Kanawha Haad and Hem
lock. Wayne : near Adkin's Mills. Wetzel : near Littleton,
Pine Grove and Blake. Wirt : near Burning Springs, Evelyn
and Reedy Ripple. Wood: near Rockport. \\ ebster : neai
Replete.

ACORUS L.
A. Calamus L. Calamus. Sweet-flag.

Swampy places. Lewis : along Stone Coal Creek. Ran-
dolph : near Valley Bend, Cricard, and on Point Mountain,
alt. 3,050 ft. Gilmer: near Glenville (Mapcl). Berkeley:
near Martinsburg.

^ ORONTIUM Linn.
O. AQUATicuM Linn. Golden Club.

In watery bogs and slow streams. Grant : in Abram Creek
(F. E. Brooks).

L E M N A C E AE.

LEMNA L.
L. MINOR L. Duck-weed.

Stagnant waters. Putnam : near Buffalo.

C O M M E L I N A C E AE.

TRADESCANTL\, L.
T. ViRGiNiANA L. Spiderwort.

Rich grounds. Kanawha: near Charleston (Barnes).
Gilmer: near Glenville (Mapcl). Fayette: near Nuttallburg
(Nuttall). Wirt, along Straight Creek and near Burning
Springs. Hardy : near IMoorefield.

WEST XIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 225

T. PILOSA, Lehm. Hairy Spiderwort.

On boulders. Wirt : abundant beyond Burning Springs,
and along Straight Creek.

COMMELINA L.
C. ViRGiNicA L. Day Flower.

Damp opens. Fayette: near Nuttallburg, rare {Nuttall).
Hardy: near Moorefield {A. B. Brooks).

J U N C A C E AE.

JUNCUS L.
J. EFFusus L. Soft Rush.

Marshy ground. Kanawha: near Charleston (James).
Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nuttall). Common throughout.
Randolph: in Blister Swamp near Gaudy Creek (Greoimaii,
112).

J. SETACEUS Rostk.

Fayette: near Loup reek ( ?) [James).

J. MARGINATUS Rostk.

Aloist sandy soils. Kanawha: near Charleston (James).
Common throughout. Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nuttall).
Preston: near Aurora (Mr. & Mrs. Steele).
J. TENUIS Willd. "Poverty Grass."

Roadsides and ditches. Abundant throughout the State.

J. TENUIS ANTHELATUS Wiegaud.

In reddish, clayey soil. Randolph : near Glady ( Green-
man, no).
J. ACUMiNATUS Michx.

Damp places. Monongalia and Marion : on the Monon-
gahela River. Webster : in Welch and Long Glades. Fayette :
near Nuttallburg (Millspaugli). Preston: near Aurora (Mr.
& Mrs. Steele).

J. NODOSUS L.

Fayette : near Nuttallburg (AUittall).
]. Canadensis J- Gay.

Monongalia : near Little Falls. Fayette : near Nuttallburg
(Nuttall). Preston: near Aurora (Mr. & Mrs. Steele).
]. BREVICAUDATUS (Eugelm.) Fernald.

Randolph : in a cold spruce swamp near "The Sink", Gaudy
Creek ; also at Glady ; and Pendleton : on the main ridge of
the Alleghany Mountains opposite Spruce Knob (Greenman.

115. 113)-
J. Canadensis subcaudatus Engelm.

Tucker : among rocks along the Blackwater River near
Hendricks, and along Shavers Fork near Parsons (Green-
man, 128, 129).

226 Till': WKsr \-ikginia flora

JUNCOIDES Adans.

J. SALTUENSis Heller. {Luzula saltucnsis Fernald, L. vcrnalis
Man. not DC. Juncoides pilosum Cpville not Kuntze.

Ohio: on Thomas's Hill near Wheeling {Mertz & Giittcn-
bcrg). Fayette : near Niittallburg- (Xuttall). Upshur: near
French Creek (F. E. Brooks).
J. CAMPESTRE (L.) Kuntze. (Liianla canipestris DC.)

Ohio: near Benwood (Merle & Guttcnberg). Tyler: near
Long Reach Fayette: near Nnttallburg [Xuttall). IMon-
ongalia : near jMorganlown.

M E L A N T H A C E AE.

CHAAIAELIRIUM Wiild.

C. LUTEUM (L.), Gray. Blazing Star. Devil's-bit.

Glades. Preston : near Terra Alta and Kingwood. Web-
ster : in Welsh, Long and CoUett's Glades. Gilmer : near
Glenville [Mapcl). Preston: near Aurora {Mr. & Mrs.
Steele). Fayette: near Nnttallburg (Nntfall).

CHROSPERMA Raf. (1825)
(Amianthium, Gray 1837)
C. MUSCAETOXicuM (Walt.) Kuntze. Fly Foison.

Low rich grounds. Monongalia : Ice's Ferry. Preston :
near Terra Alta.

MELANTHIUM. L.
M. ViRGiNicuM L. Bunch-flower.

Glades. Preston : near Terra Alta and in Morgan's Glade.
Monongalia : glades near Booth's Creek. Webster : Second
Glade. Nicholas : Collett's Glade.
M. PARviFLORUM (Michx.), Watsou.

Greenbrier: near White Sulphur Springs (Mertc & Gut-
tenberg).

VERATRUM L.
V. viRiDE, Ait. American White Hellebore.

Rich wet spots in deep mountain woods. Randolph : on
Point Mountain. Webster: Buffalo Bull Mountain. Grant
and Tucker : common along streams.

UVULARL^ L.

U. PERFOLIATA L. Bcllwort.

Rich woods. Marion and Monongalia: along the Monon-
gahela River. Gilmer: near Glenville (Mapel, Prof. Brozvn).
Fayette: near Nnttallburg (Nuttall). Greenbrier: near
White Sulphur Springs (Eggleston, 4341).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 22/

U. SESSiLiFOLiA L. Ookesia sessilifolia (L.), Wats.

Low rich woods. Gilmer: near Glenville (Mapel).

Fayette: near Nuttallburg- (Nuttali). Mercer: near Beaver

Spr. Greenbrier: near \\'hite Sulphur Springs (Eggleston,

4361).
U. GRANDiFLORA J. E. Smith.

On a north slope in rich woods along Horsepen Creek be-
tween McDowell County, West Virginia, and Tazewell
County, Virginia, alt. i,goo ft., July 31, 1900 (Morris, iioo).
U. PUBERULA Michx.

In mountain woods. Greenbrier : near White Sulphur
Springs (Eggleston, 4358).

L I L I A C E AE.

HEMEROCALLIS L.
H. FULVA L. Day-lily. "Eve's Thread".

Roadsides and fields. A frequent escape from cultivation
Monongalia : near Morgantown and Cassville. Hampshire •
near Bloomery, where "it has become widely scattered by
ploughing."

ALLIUM L.

A. viNEALE L. Field Garlic.

Cultivated fields. Jefferson : a vile and abundant weed in
wheat fields. Monongalia : along the Monongahela below
Morgantown.

Reported as a weed from : Berkeley : near Oakton, Mar-
tinsburg and Hedgesville. Barbour : near Belington. Brax-
ton : near Lloydsville. Cabell : near Union Ridge. Dodd •
ridge : near Smithton. Grant : near Medley. Greenbrier •
near Trout Valley and White Sulphur Springs. Hamp-
shire : near Slanesville, Three Churches, Capon Bridge,
Bloomery, Dillon's Run, Higginsville and Springfield. Har-
rison : near Good Hope and Bridgeport. Hardy : near War-
densville and Moorefield. Jefferson : near Summit Point,
Mohler's. Leetown, Charlestown, Ripon, Middleway and
Kabletown. Jackson : near Sandy. Kanawha : near Blan-
don. Lincoln : near Hamlin. Mercer : near Princeton, and
Concord Qiurch. Marion : near Barracksville and Gray's
Flat. Monongalia : near Morgantown. Ohio : near West
Liberty. Preston : near Terra Alta, Reedsville, Amblersburg
and Independence. Ritchie : near Ritchie C. H. Roane :
near Walnut Grove. Summers : Talcott. Taylor : near
Knottsville, Thornton and Grafton. Upshur : near Kanawha
Head. Wayne : near Adkin's Mills. Wetzel : near Endi-
cott and Blake. Wirt : near Reedy Ripple. Wood : near
Waverly, Blennerhassett and Rockport.

228 THE WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

A. TRicoccuM, Ait. Wild Leek. "Ramps."

Rich Mountain woods. Grant: near Bayard, alnmdant.
Tucker : abundant along Blackwater Fork of Cheat. Green-
brier : near White Sulphur Springs. Randolph : near Pick-
ens (//. H. Siiiitli) \ near the mountain top above Horton
(Grcciiina)i, 98). Ohio: near \\nieeling; and Upshur: near
Helvetia (Mert;:; & Giittcnbcri^).

A. CERNUUM Roth. Wild Onion.

Greenbrier : near White Sulphur Springs. Fayette : near
Nuttallburg (Niittall). Ohio: near Wheeling (Mertc &
Giittcnberg). Summers: near Hinton. Monongalia: near
Camp Eden, and banks of Decker's Creek.

A. Canadense L. Wild Garlic.

Ohio: near Wheeling {Mcrtz & Giitfcubcrg). Fayette*
near Loup Creek (James).

LILIUM L.

L. PiiiLADELPHicuM L. Wild Red Lily. "Glade Lily."

Dry or damp grounds. Monongalia : in Clinton District
(M. H. Brozun) near Stewartstown, and Ice's Ferry. Marion .
along the F., M. & P. R. R. Gilmer: near Glenville (Ma-
pel). Webster: in the glades, where it is called "Glade Lily"
(Mapel). Hardy: near Moorefield (G.). Fayette: near
Nuttallburg (Nuttall).

L. SUPERBUM L. Turk's-cap Lily.

Rich, low grounds. Randolph : summit Point Mountain,
alt. 3,700 ft. Monongalia : near IMorgantown and Stew-
artstown. Hardy : near Moorefield (Gamble). LTpshur:near
Newlin (H. H. Smith, 1792). Pocahontas: at Travelers
Repose (Greenman, 71).

L. Canadense L. Wild Yellow Lily.

Moist meadows. Calhoun: along Laurel Run. Gilmer*
near Glenville (Mapel). Preston : near Aurora (Mr. & Mrs.
Steele). Randolph: summit Point Mountain, alt. 2,125 f^-
Monongalia : near Ice's Ferry.

L. TiGRiNUM Ker. Tiger Lily.

Established from gardens. Jefferson, Berkeley, Morgan,
Hampshire and Mineral : along the B. & O. R. R. Calhoun •
near Brookville. Monongalia : near Morgantown.

ERYTHRONIUM L.

E. AiNiERicANUiM Kcr. Yellow Adder's Tongue. Dog's Tooth
Violet.

Rich open woods along streams. Monongalia and Marion •
along the ' Monongahela River. Gilmer : near Glenville
(Mapel; Broii<n). Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nuttall)

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 22g

Frequent or common throughout the State. Hardy : near
Moorefield (Gamble).
E. ALBIDUM Nutt.

Rich soil, Kanawha region, along Coal and Len's Creeks,
Ohio Co., near Mt. de Chantal (Boiitlou).

QUAMASIA Raf.

Q. HYACiNTiiiNA (Raf.) Britton. (Camassia Fraseri Torr.)

Rich ground. Ohio: near Wheeling {Mertz & Gutten-
berg). Gilmer: near Glenville (Mapel).

ORNITHOGALUM L.
O. UAiBELLATUM L. Star of Bethlehem.

Escaped from gardens. Monongalia : abundant and per-
sistent on the line of the F., M. & P. R. R. from Morgan-
town to Coburn's Creek. Gilmer: near Glenville (Mapel).
O. NUTANS L.

In a ravine above the glass factory north of Morgantown,
Alonongalia County (Boutlon).

MUSCARI Mill. '
M. BOTRYOiDES (L.), Mill. Grape Hyacinth.

Escaped from gardens. Monongalia : near Uffington.
Gilmer: near Glenville (Mapel).
M. RACEMOSUM (L.) Mill.

Widely escaped and established at the junction of Aarons
Run and Deckers Creek, Monongalia County, near Morgan-
town (Moffatt).

ALETRIS L.
A. FARiNOSA L. Star Grass. Colic Root.

Sandy moist soils. W^ebster : in Upper Glade. Fayette :
near Nuttallburg (Xnttall).

C O N V A L L A R I A C E AE.

ASPARAGUS L.
A. OFFICINALIS L. Asparagus.

Woods and opens ; a frequent escape. Jefferson : near
Shenandoah Junction, plentiful. Monongalia : plentiful along
Cheat River, near Ice's Ferry, and at Stewartstown. Alason :
near Point Pleasant. Berkeley : near Martinsburg. Hardy :
near Moorefield.

CLINTONIA Raf.
C. BOREALis (Ait.), Raf. Clinton's Lily.

Cold damp weeds. Grant : near Bayard. Preston : in
Laurel hills. Tucker : near Davis.

230 THE WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

C. UAiBELLULATA (Miclix.) Torr.

Rich woods. Randolph : on Rich Mountains. Grant : near
Bayard. Tucker: in Land of Canaan. Gihner : near Glen-
ville {Broz^'u, Mapcl). MonongaHa : near Morgantown.
Kanawha: near Coalburg {James). Fayette: near Nuttall-
burg (Nuttall). Hardy: near Moorefield {Gamble). Bar-
bour: near Tygart Junction {Grecnman, 94). 3kIcDowell:
near Elkhorn. Mercer : Bkiestone Jc.

VAGNERA Adans.

V. RACEMOSA (L.) Morong. ( Uiiifoliuui racemostLiii (L.) Britton).
Rich woods. Common throughout the State.

UNIFOLUM Adans (1763).

U. Canadense (Desf.), Greene. {Smilacina bifolia Canadensis
A. Gray).

Low, rich woods. Common throughout the northern and
eastern counties. Fayette: near Nuttallburg {Nuttall).

DISPORUM SaHsb.

D. lanuginosum (Michx.) Nichols. {Prosartes lanuginosa, Don.)

Rich woods. Monongalia : near Morgantown. Preston :
near Terra Alta. Mineral : near Keyser {Workman). V^lx-
ette : near Nuttallburg (A'M/^a//). Grant : near Bayard. Mer-
cer : Bluestone Jc. Greenbrier : near White Sulphur Springs
{Eggleston, 4343). Preston: near Aurora {Mr. & Mrs.
Steele).

STREPTOPUS Michx.

S. ROSEus Michx. Twisted Stalk.

Cold, damp woods. L-pshur : along Sand Run. Preston:
near Terra Alta. Tucker : near Blackwater Falls. Grant :
near Bayard. Randolph : western slopes of Cheat Mountains.

SALOMONIA Heist.

{Polygonatum Adans.)

S. BiFLORA (Walt.) Britton.

Rich woods and wooded banks. Frequent generally
S. coMMUTATA (R. & S.) Brittou. {P. giganteum, Dietr.)

Edges of meadows. Nicholas : near Beaver Mills. Gil-
mer : near Glenville {Mapcl). Monongalia: the Flats near
Morgantown. Fayette: near Nuttallburg {Nuttall).

WEST \'IRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 23I

CONVALLARIA Linn.
C. MAjALis Linn. Lily-of-the-Yalley.

High mountain woods. Pocahontas : near Winterburn
(A. B. Brooks).

MEDEOLA L.
M. ViRGiNL\NA L. Indian Cucumber.

Rich, damp woods. Upshur : along Sand Run. Grant
and Tucker : in the mountains woods, plentiful. Gilmer :
near Glenville (Mapel). Monongalia: near Morgantown.
Kanawha: near Coalburg (James). Fayette: near Nuttall-
burg- (Niittall)., and elsewhere frequent. McDowell: near
Elkhorn.

TRILLIUM L.

T. SESSILE L. Sessile-flowered Purple Trillium.

Moist woods. Monongalia and Marion : abundant along
the Monongahela River. Gilmer: near Glenville (Broztm).
T. ERECTUM L. Purple Trillium.

Rich woods. Throughout the northern and eastern por-
tions of the State. McDowell : near Elkhorn.
Var. ALBUM Pursh.

IMonongalia : near Morgantown. Gilmer : near Glenville
{Mapcl, Brown). Taylor: near Valley Falls (N. S. Hayes).
Var. DECLiNATUM Millsp. Prel. Cat. Fl. VV. Va., 453 (1902).

Gilmer: near Glenville (Mapel). Mason: near Point
Pleasant. Jackson : near Ravenswood.

(Note: — This form appears to be sufficiently different
from T. erectum, and T, cernum, to retain it ; otherwise I
could not list the specimens gathered.)
T. GRANDiELORUM (Michx.) Salisb. White Trillium.

Rich woods. Abundant throughout the northern counties.
Gilmer: near Glenville (Mapel, Prof. Brozvn). Fayette:
near Nuttallburg (Nuttall). McDowell: near Elkhorn.
Greenbrier: near White Sulphur Springs (Heller, 840).
T. CERNUUM L. Wake Robin.

Moist woods. Gilmer : near Glenville (Mapel). Fayette:
near Nuttallburg (Nuttall).
T. NiVALE Riddell. ^Dwarf White Trillium.

In moss of wet rocks. Monongalia : along Quarry Run.
Grant : along Buffalo Creek. Randolph : along runs feeding-
Shaver's Fork of Cheat. Tucker: along Beaver Creek, and
Blackwater Fork of Cheat.
T. UNDULATUM Willd. (T. crythrocarpum Michx.)

Cold deep ravines along runs. Grant : near Bayard.
Randolph : Cheat River (Millspaugh) ; near Whitmar
(Greeuman. 73). Tucker: along Black Water Fork. Fay-
ette: near Nuttallburg, alt. 2,000 ft., rare (Nuttall). Mc-

232 THE WESr X'IRGINIA FL-ORA

Dowell : near Elkliorn. Taylor: near A^alley Falls (N. S.
Hayes). Mercer: lUncstonc Jc. Preston: near Aurora
(Mr. & Mrs. Steele).

S U I L A C E A E.

SMIL AX L.

S. HERBACEA L. Carrion Flower.

Thickets. Monongalia: plentiful at the Flats. Fayette:
near Nuttallburg-, rare (Nuttall).
S. ROTUNDiEOLiA L. Greenbrier.

Thickets, too common throughout the State.
S. GLAUCA Walt.

Dry thickets. Kanawha: near Charleston (Barnes).
Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nnttall). Monongalia: along
Cheat River near Ice's Ferry.

S. TAMNIFOLIA Michx.

Dry soils. Preston: near Aurora [Mr. & Mrs. Steele).
S. Pseudo-China L.

Dry soils. Monongalia : plentiful on the Flats ; near
Morgantown.
S. HispiDA Muhl. Bristly Sarsaparilla.

Rich soil. Marion : near Fairmont. Preston : near Aurora
(Mr. & Mrs. Steele).

A M A R Y L L I D A C E A E. •

HYPOXIS L.
H. HiRSUTA (L.) Coville. Star Grass. Yellow-eyed Grass.
(H. ere eta L.).

Open places. Fayette: near Nuttallburg, common (Nntt-
all). Lewis: up Stone Coal Creek. Monongaha : along
Cheat River near Camp Eden, plentiful. Hardy : near
Moorefield (Gamble). Mercer: near Bluefield.

DIOSCOREACEAE.

DIOSCOREA L.

D. GLAUCA Muhl. Wild Yam-root. Colic-root. (D.i'illosaYlova.).
Thickets and rich woods. Randolph : on Point Mountain,
alt. 3,450 ft. Gilmer: near Glenville (Mapel). Fayette:
near Nuttallburg, pistillate plants rare (Nnttall). Grant
and Tucker : plentiful in the mountain woods. Monongalia:
plentiful. Greenbrier: near White Sulphur Springs. Sum-
mers : near Hinton. Hardy : near Moorefield. McDowell :
near Elkhorn. Mercer : Bluestone Junction. Preston : near

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 233

Aurora {Mr. & Mrs. Steele); near Albright {Bartlett).
Barbour: {Grccnman). jMonongalia : (Jennings). Upshur:
near Buckhannon (Pollock). Randolph: near Pickens (//.
H. Smith, 1846).

I R I D A C E A E.

IRIS L.

I. VERSICOLOR L. Blue Flag.

Ditches and wet lands. Preston : near Terra Alta and
Reedsville.
I. VERNA L. Dwarf Iris.

Hardy: near Moorefield (Gamble).
I. CRiSTATA Ait. Dwarf Crested Iris.

Rich woods. Monongalia : near Morgantown, plentiful.
Gilmer: near Glenville (Mapel; Brozvn). Fayette: near
Nuttallburg (Nuttall). Marion: along the Monogahela
River, plentiful.

SISYRINCHIUM L.

S. ANGUSTiFOLiUM Alill. Bluc-eycd Grass. 5'. Bermiidianum
Gray, not. L.

Moist grassy places. Fayette : near Kanawha Falls
(James); near Nuttallburg (Nuttall). Gilmer: near Glen-
ville (Mapel). Monongalia: near Morgantown, and else-
where common.
S. GRAMiNOiDES Bickuell. (S. anceps S. Wats.)

Grassy places. Fayette: meadows near Nuttallburg (Nutt-
all). Monongalia: near Morgantown (Sheldon, 1582).

S. MUCRONATUM Michx.

Meadows. Preston: near Cranesville (Sheldon, 1509).
O R C H I D A C E AE.

CYPRIPEDIUM L.

C. PARViFLORUM Salisb. Small Lady's Slipper.

Rich woods. Monongalia : near ]\Iorgantown. Marion :
near Opekiska and Fairmont. Gilmer: near Glenville (Ma-
pel; Brozvn). Mineral: near Keyser (Workman). Hardy:
near Moorefield (Gamble). Lewis: (liinsman).
C. HiRSUTUM Mill. Large Lady's Slipper. (C. pubescens Willd.)
Low woods. Same stations as the last. Fayette ; near
Nuttallburg (Nuttall). Slope of Kate's Mountain, alt. 3,300
ft. (Small; Eggleston, 4359; JJeller, 821).
C. ACAULE Ait. Moccasin Flower.

Dry or moist woods. Monongalia : near Cheat Viewj
plentiful. Preston: near Reedsville. Gilmer: near Glen-

234 THE WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

ville {Broum). Fayette: near Nuttallbnrg-, alt. 2,000 ft., in
laurel thickets. Marion : along the F. I\l. & P. R. R.
Mineral: near Keyser (JVorkinan) Kanawha: near Coal-
burg (James). Flardy : near ^loorefield {Gamble). Web-
ster: near Tater Knob (//. H. Smith, 1491). Upshur: near
Buckhannon (Pollock).

GALEORCHIS Rydb.
G. spECTABiLis (L.) Rydb. Showy Orchid. (Orchis L.)

Rich woods. Monongalia : near Morgantown. Gilmer :
near Glenville (Mapel; Brozm). Fayette: near Nuttallburg,
rare (Nuttall). McDowell: near Elkhorn.

LYSIAS Salisb.
L. ORiucuLATA (Pursh) Rydb. (Habcnaria orbiculata Torr.).
Rich woods. Randolph : near summit of Rich Mountain
(Millspaugh). Pendleton: in shade of spruce trees near
the summit of Spruce Knob (Brooks). Preston: near Au-
rora (Mr. & Mrs. Steele).

PERULARIA Lindl.
P. FLAVA (L.) Rydb. (Hebenaria flava Gray).

Wet situations. Webster: in long Glade (Millspaugh).

GYMNADENIOPSIS Rydb.
G. CLAVELLATA (Michx.) Rydb. (Hebenaria tridentata Hook.).
Wet places. Webster : in Long Glade and Welsh Glade
(.Millspaugh). Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nuttall).

BLEPHARIGLOTTIS Raf.
B. ciLiARis (L.) Rydb. (Habenaria ciliaris R. Br.).

Wet sandy bogs. Webster : Welch and Long Glades.
Preston : near Terra Alta (Millspaugh). Fayette : near Nutt-
alburg, rare (Nuttall). Hardy: near Moorefield (Gamble).
B. LACERA (Michx.) Rydb. (Habenaria lacera R. Br.).

Bogs and moist thickets. Wood : near Lockharts Run
(Millspaugh). Preston: near Cranberry Summit (Mertz &
Guttenherg). Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nuttall). Up-
shur: near French Creek (Brooks).
B. PSYCODES (L.) Rydb. (Habenaria psycodcs A. Gray).

Wet places. Randolph : on Rich Mountain ; Grant : near
Bayard ; Preston : near Terra Alta ; Wayne : near Central
City (Millspaugh); Pocahontas: (Folloek).
B. I'ERAMOENA (A. Gray) Rydb. (Habenaria peranioena Gray).
Moist meadow. Upshur: near French Creek (Brooks).
Preston: near Reedsville (Sheldon, 1896).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 235

ISOTRIA Rafin.

1. vEKTiciLLATA (Willd.) Raf. (Pogonia verticillata Nutt.)-

Woodlands. Upshnr : near French Creek, very abundant,
growing with Kahiiia and Gaultheria ; Webster : along the
Gauley River (F. E. Brooks).

POGONIA Juss.
P. opiiiOGLOSSoiDES (L.), Ker.

Boggy places. Preston: near Cranberry Summit (Mcrtc
& Guttcnberg). Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Xuttall).
Upshur: near French Creek (Brooks).

GYROSTACHYS Pers. (1807).

(Spiranthes, Rich. 1818).

G. CERNUA (L.) Kuntze. Ladies Tresses.

W'et meadows. Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Ahittall).
Monongalia ; frequent throughout. Preston : near Aurora
(Mr. & Mrs. Steele).
G. GRACILIS (Bigel.) Kuntze. Twisted Stalk.

Sandy woods and fields. Fayette : near Nutallburg, in
hard, grassy ground (Niittall) . Monongalia : near Morgan-
town. Frequent throughout the State.

PERAMIUM Salisb. (1812).

(Goodyera, R. Br. 1813.)

P. REPENS (L.) Salisb.

In deep evergreen forests. Grant : under Black Spruce
near Bayard. Fayette : in deep Laurel thickets, rare, near
Nuttallburg (A/'w^/a//). McDowell : near Elkhorn. Preston-
near Aurora (Mr. & Mrs. Steele).
P. PUBESCENS (Willd.) MacM. Rattlesnake Plantain.

Rich woods. Monongalia : along Decker's Creek and
Tibb's Run. Fayette: near Nuttallburg, rare (Nuttall)
Preston: near Aurora (Mr. & Mrs. Steele). Nicholas: near
Beaver Mills. McDowell: near Welch. Webster: (H . H.
Smith, i86p).
P. oPHioiDES (Fernald) Rydb.

Cold mossy woodlands. Pocahontas : Cranberry Glades
(Brooks, 3859).
P. Menziesii (Lindl.) Morong.

In deep rich woods, Webster: near Tater Knob (H. H.
Smith, i860).

TIPULARIA Nutt.
T. UNIFOLIA (Muhl.) B. S. P.

L^pshur : common at French Creek (F. E. & A. B. Brooks)

236 THE WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

TRIPHORA Nutt.

T. TRiANTHOPKORA (Sw.) Rydb. (Pogonia Sw.)-

Upshur: near French Creek (Brooks).

ACHROANTHES Raf. (1808).

(Microstylis, Nutt. 1818).

A. UNIFOLIA (Michx.) Raf.

Rich woodlands. Greenbrier : near White Sulphur Springs
(Merts & Guttenherg). Fayette: near Nuttallburg, rare
(Nuttall).

LEPTORCHIS Thou. (1808).

{Liparis, Rich. 1818).

L. LiLiiFOLiA (L.) Kuntze. Tway-blade.

Rich woods. Monongalia : the Flats near Morgantown.
Gilmer: near Glenville {Mapel, Brozvn). Fayette: near
Nuttallburg {Nuttall).

CORALLORHIZA R. Br.

C. CoRALLoRHiZA (L.) Karst. Coral root. (C iiinata R. Br.)
Deep, rich woods. Grant : near Bayard. Fayette : near
Nuttallburg, alt. 2,000 ft. (Nuttall). Greenbrier: near White
Sulphur Springs.

C. ODONTORHIZA (Willd.), Nutt.

Rich woods. Gihner : near Glenville (Mapel). Fay-
ette: near Nuttallburg, alt. 2,000 feet (Nuttall). Preston:
near Aurora (Mr. & Mrs, Steele).

C. MULTIFLORA Nutt.

Woodlands. Fayette : near Nuttallburg, alt. 2,000 feet
(Nuttall). Preston: near Aurora (Mr. & Mrs. Steele).

APLECTRUM Nutt.

A. HYEMALE (Muhl.) Torrey. (A. spicatum B. S. P.).

Rich woods. Monongalia : near Morgantown. Gilmer :

near Glenville (Mapel). Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nuttall).

LIMODORUM L. (1753).
(Calopgon, R. Br. 1813).
L. TUBEROSUM L. C. pulchellus, R. Br.

Hardy: near Moorefield (Gamble).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 2,37

S A U R U R A C E A E.

SAURURUS L.

S. CERNUUS L. Lizard's Tail.

Streams. Jefferson : near Harper's Ferry (Mcrts & Gut-
tcnhcrg). Brooke: near Wellsburg. Fayette: near Nutt-
allburg (Nuftall). Wayne : in a glade (Hopkins). Wood:
near Parkersburg (Pollock).

J U G L A N D A C E A E.

JUGLANS L.
J. ciNEREA L. Butternut. White Walnut.

Common throughout the State even in the valleys of the
highest ahitudes. Randolph : along Tygart's \'alley Rivei
near Huttonsville (Grecnuian, 197).
J. NIGRA L. Black Walnut.

Rich soils, even in the higher Alleghanies. A very com-
mon and valuable timber tree throughout the State.

HIGORIA Raf.
H. ovATA (j\Iill.) Britton. Shag or Shellbark Hickory (Carya
alba, Nutt.).

Low grounds, frequent throughout the State.
H. LAciNiosA (Michx.) Sarg. King Nut (Carya sulcata, Xutt.).

Rich soil. Monongalia : near Ice's Ferry.
H. ALBA (L.) Britton. White Heart Hickory. (Carya t omen-
to sa, Nutt.)

Woods, frequent throughout the State.
H. GLABRA (Mill.) Britton. Pig Nut. (Carya porcina, Nutt.)

Dry soils, frequent throughout the State.
H. MicROCARPA (Nutt.) Brittou. (Carya microcarpa, Nutt.)

Woodlands. Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nuttall).
H. coRDiFORMis (Wang.) Britton, Bitternut. (Carya amaraKutt)
Low Woods. Greenbrier : near Fort Spring and Ron-
ceverte. Fayette: near Nuttallburg iXutfall). Webster:
near Pugh (H. H. Smith, 1682).

S A L I C A C E A E.

POPULUS L.
P. ALBA, L. White Poplar. Abele.

A frequent escape from cultivation. In many places in the
State, where the tree is planted for ornament, this species
spreads widely from the root, thus often becoming a pest
in lawns and along streets.

238 THE WEST \IRGIN1A FLORA

P. TREMUEOiDES, Alichx. Aspcii. Trciiiblino- Poplar.

Wooded hillsides. Wirt : alonu;- Little Kanawha River.
Calhoun : near Grantsville. Gilmer : near Glenville. Mon-
ongalia : near Marion ; along the Monongahela River. Sum-
mers : near Riffe. Mason : near Point Pleasant.
P. GRANDiDENTATA Michx. Large-toothcd Aspen.

Preston : near Cranberry Summit. Ohio : near Wheeling
(Merts & Guttcnberg). Webster: on Tater Knob {H. H.
Smith, 1485).
P. CANDicANS Ait. P.alm of Gilead.

Plentiful at Montana, along the Monongahela River in
Marion Co. Monongalia : the Flats near Morgantown. Gil-
mer: near Glenville (Mapel). Fayette: near Nuttallburg,
very likely introduced {Nuttall). Webster: Hacker Valley
(H. H. Smith,) 1602).
P. DELTOiDES Marsh. Cottonwood. (P. monilifera Ait.).

Ohio: near Bogg's Run (Merts & Guttenberg). Mason:
near Point Pleasant.

SALIX L.

S. NIGRA Marsh. Black Willow.

Along streams, frequent or common. The principal wil-
low of the State.
Far. FALCATA (Pursh.) Torr. Scythe-leaved Black Willow.

Along springy runs. Wirt : along Straight Creek. Lewis :
along Leading Creek. Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nuttall).

S. AMYDALOIDES And.

Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nuttall).
S. ALBA, var. viTELLiNA (L.) Koch. White Willow.

Scattered, from protective or ornamental planting, along
streams in many parts of the State.
S. Babylonica L. Weeping Willow.

A frequent escape as in the last species. Monongalia :
near Morgantown. Jefferson : near Flowing Spring and
Milltown.
S. DISCOLOR Muhl. Shining Willow.

Ohio: on Bogg's Lslands (Mcrts & Guttenberg.)
S. HUMiLis Marsh. Prairie Willow.

Glady regions. Webster : near LTpper Glade. Preston :
near Terra Alta.
S. sericea Marsh. Silky Willow.

Along streams. Randolph : along Tygart's Valley River.
Greenbrier : near White Sulphur Springs. Ohio : near
Wheeling (Merts, 2641).
S. coRDATA Muhl. Heart-leaved Willow.

Along streams, frequent. Lewis : along Leading Creek.
Wood : near Parkersburg. Mason : near Point Pleasant.

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 239

MYRICACEAE.

COMPTONIA Banks.
C. PEREGRIN A (L.) Coulter. (Myrica asplenifolia L.).

Dry soil, especially on hillsides. Hampshire : along Cac-
apon Creek (Brooks).

BETULACEAE.

CARPINUS L.
C. Caroliniana, Walt. Blue or Water Beech.

Damp thickets and river banks. Wirt : near Elizabeth.
Monongalia : near Morgantown, plentiful. Gilmer : near
Glenville (Mapel). Upshur: near Buckhannon (Pollock).
Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Niittall). Summers: near Hin-
ton. Marion : near Worthington. Jefferson : near Harper's
Ferry (Mcrtz & Guttenhen^). Webster: Hacker Valley
(H. H. Smith, 1531).

OSTRYA Scop.
O. ViRGiNiANA (Mill.) Willd. Lever Wood. Iron Wood.

Rich woods and along streams. Wirt : near Elizabeth.
Randolph : on Point Mountain ; at first Top of Cheat there
is a forest of this wood where trees are found, in numbers,
from 1-3 feet in diameter. Webster : on Buffalo Bull Moun-
tain. Greenbrier : near White Sulphur Springs. Summers :
near Hinton. Marion: near Worthington. Favette: near
Nuttallburg (Nnttall).

CORYLUS L.
C. Americana, Walt. Hazlenut.

Thickets, frequent throughout the State.
C. ROSTRATA Ait. Beaked Hazlenut.

Mountainous regions. Upshur : summit on Staunton Pike
Randolph : near Fords.

BETULA L.
B. LENTA L. Sweet Birch. Black Birch.

Rich Woods. Common throughout the State. Grows
very large in the mountains. One specimen near Cheat
Bridge measure 7 ft. 9 in. in diameter. Preston: near Au-
rora (Mr. & Mrs. Steele).
B. LENTA X LUTEA. Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 1:201 (1896).
A number of specimens of this hybrid birch were found
in 1892 at Pickens, Randolph Co. In all, the bark forms of
each species were intermixed. All the specimens were small
saplings about 2 in. in diameter (Millspaugh).

240 THE WEST VIRGINIA ELORA

B. LU'iE.A Alichx.f. Yellow Birch.

Higher mountain woods. Grant: near Bayard. Tucker:
near Hulings. Braxton : near Sutton. Randolph : near
Pickens. Fayette : near Nuttallburg (Nnttall).
B. POPULiFOLiA Marsh. White Birch.

Poor soils. Gilmer: near Glenville (Mapcl). Randolph:
near Winchester.

B. NIGRA L. River Birch. Red Birch.

Along streams. Calhoun : along Little Kanawha River.
Gilmer: near Glenville (iMapcl). Greenbrier: near Fort
Spring. Summers : near Greenbrier Stockyards ; near Hin-
ton. Kanawha : near Handle}'. Fayette : near Nuttallburg
(Nuttall) ; and common along streams throughout the cen-
tral and southern counties. A tree 14 feet 2^ inches in
circumference was measured near Bargers Spring, Sum-
mers County (Morris).

ALNUS Gaertn.
A. Alnobetula (Ehrh.) K. Koch. Mountain Alder. (.-/.
z'iridis DC.)

Along mountain stream;., rare. Greenbrier : Columbia
Sulphur Springs. Fayette: near Nuttallburg ( Nuttall). Po-
cahontas : at Traveler's Repose. Randolph : along Cheat
River.
A. RUGOSA (DuRoi) K. Koch. Smooth Alder. (A. scrndata
Willd.)

Low grounds and along rivers. Common, especially in
the glade regions.
A. iNCANA (L.) Willd. Hoary Alder.

In wet places. Pocahontas: Cranberry Glades? (Brooks)

F A G A C E A E.

FAGUS L.
F. Americana Sweet. Beech. (F. fcrnii^iiica Ait.).

General throughout the State.

CASTANEA Adans.

C. dentata (Marsh.) Borkh. Chestnut. (C. vcsca Americana

Michx.).

Rocky hillside woods throughout the State.
C. pumila (L.) i\lill. Chinquapin.

Dry hills. Fayette : near Nuttalllnu'g, alt. 2,000 feet,
frequent (Nuttall). Wayne: near Ceredo and Compton's
Creek. Mercer: Beaver Spr., and Tngleside. A remark-
ably spreading and symmetrical individual was observed in
a pasture at Bargers Spring, Summers County (Morris).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 24I

QUERCUS L.
Q. ALBA L. White Oak.'^

All soils, plentiful throughout the State.
Q. MINOR (Marsh.) Sarg. Post Oak. Iron Oak. (Q. stdlata,
Wang. )

Dry sterile soils, common.
Q. MACROCARPA AHchx. Burr Oak. Mossy-cup Oak.

Rich soils. Tyler : near Long Reach.
Q. Prinus L. Chestnut Oak.

Rocky woods. Frequent throughout the State.
Q. acuminata (Michx.) Houda. Yellow Oak. (Q. Miihlen-
hcrgii Engelm.)

Rich, wooded valleys, especially in the mountains. Fay-
ette : near Nuttallburg, rare {NuttaJl).
Q. pagodaefolia (Ell.) Ashe.

Rich bottom lands. Kanawha : a few trees found on the
north side of the river at Charleston (Brooks).
Q. bicolor Willd. (Q. platanoidcs Sudw.).

Moist soils and borders of streams. Grant : along Eunice
Creek; Hardy: along the South Branch, near Moorefield;
Pocahontas: near Marlinton; Randolph: along the Tygarts
Valley near Eluttonsville ; Upshur : rare near Lorentz
{Brooks).
Q. rubra L. Red Oak.

Common throughout the State, in both rich and poor soils.
O. coccinea Wang.

Woodlands. Fayette : near Nuttallburg, apparently a sec-
ond growth {NuttaJl).
0. velutina Lam. Black Oak. (Q. tinctoria Bartr.),

Dry woodlands. In large tracts in the Alleghanies of
Mineral. Grant and Tucker counties. Gilmer : near Glen-
ViWe {Mapel). Fayette: near Nuttallburg (#Mf?a//). Mon-
ongalia : near Ice's Ferry. Summers : near Hinton.
Q. palustris DuRoi.

Along streams. Monongalia: near Stumptown. Fayette:
near Nuttallburg {Niittall).
Q. DiGiTATA (Marsh.) Sudw. Spanish Oak. (0. /a/ca^a, Michx.)

Dry sandy soils throughout the western counties.
Q. NIGRA L. Black Jack Oak.

Common in dry or heavy clay soils throughout the center
of the State. Hardy : near Moorefield.
O. NANA (Marsh.) Sarg. Holly-leaved Oak. {Q. ilicif alia Wang.)
Sandy soils. Hariipshire : near Romney. Hardy : near
Moorefield.
O. IMBRICARIA Michx. Laurel Oak.

Rich woods. Monongalia : near Morgantown and Laurel
Point. Hardv : near Moorefield.

242 TJIE WKST \IKGINIA FLORA

U L AI A C E A E.

ULAIUS L.
U. FULVA Michx. Slippery Elm.

Rich soils. Monongalia: near Alorgantown, Laurel Point
and Stumptown. Gilmer: near Glenville (Maf^cl). Eayette :
near Nuttallburg (Ntittall). Alason: near Point Pleasant.
Summers : along Greenbrier River. Webster : at Tatei
Knob (H. H. Smith, I4g2).
U. Americana L. White Elm.

Along rivers. Frequent throughout the State.
U. RACEMOSA Thomas. Corky Elm.

Near streams. Alonroe : near Alderson. Summers : along
Greenbrier River. Randolph: near Pickens (H. H. Smith,
1704).

CELTIS L.
C. occiDENTALis L. Hackbcrry.

Woods and river banks. Jefferson : near Shenandoah
Junction. Alonongalia : near Morgantown. Jackson : near
Ripley. Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nuttall).
C. PUMiLA Pursh.

Among the rocks on the banks of both rivers at Harper'.<^
Ferry. Often fruiting copiously, on every twig, on trees
but 2 or 3 feet high (Greene).

M O R A C E A E.
MORUS L.

M. RUBRA L. Black Mulberry.

Rich woods. Wood, Wirt, Calhoun and Gilmer (Mapel).
Along the Little Kanawha River. Jefferson : frec^uent
throughout. Greenbrier : near \\ hite Sulphur Springs.
Fayette: near Nuttallburg, no large trees noted (Nuttall)
M. ALBA L. White Mulberry."

A frequent escape. Alonongalia : near Alorgantown. Jef-
ferson : near Millville and Charlestown (MillspaiigJi) ; fre-
quent about Harper's Ferry (Greene).

FICUS Linn.
F. CARICA L. Fig.

Fayette : on a ledge near the railroad from Gauley Bridge
toward Gauley Junction (Eggleston, 5540).

TOXYLON Rat (1817).
(Madura Nutt. 1818).
T. POMiFERUM Raf. (Madura anrantiaca Nutt.")

Banks of the Ohio River, Mason Co., near Point Pleas-
ant. (Mills t^augh).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 243

BROUSSONETIA L'Herit.

B. FAPYRiFERA (L.) Veiit. Paper Mulberry. "Cut Paper."

Escaped from cultivation. Jefferson : near Flowing
Spring- Mill and Milltown. Kanawha : near IMontgomery
Berkeley : near Alartinsburg.

HUMULUS L.
H. LupuLus L. Hops.

Alluvial banks near streams. \'ery doubtfully native
Randolph : near Cricard. Marshall : near Moundsville. ]\Ia-
rion : near Clements, and Catawba. ^Mineral : opposite Cum-
berland, Md.

CANNABIS L.

C. SATiVxV L. Hemp.

Fields and waste places. Escaped from cultivation. Jack-
son : frequent.

U R T I C A C E A E.

URTICA L.
U. GRACILIS, Ait. Nettle.

Moist shady places. Common.
U. URENS L. Stinging Nettle.

Adventive. Hancock: near Holliday's Cove. Rare.

URTICASTRU^I Fabr.
U. DivARicATUM (L.) Kuntze. (Lapoyfea Canadensis Gaud.).
Moist rich woods. Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nuttall) ;
near Kanawha Falls (James). Preston: near Aurora (Mr.
& Mrs. Steele). Frequent throughout the State.

ADICEA Raf. (1815).
(Pilea, Lindl. 1821).

A. PUMiLA (L.) Raf. Clear Weed. Rich Weed. (P. piimila

(L.) Gray).
Cool, moist, shady places. Common throughout the State.

BOEHMERIA Jacq.

B. CYLINDRICA (L.) Willd.

Damp places. Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Xiittall). Mon-
ongalia : near Uffington.

B. CYLINDRICA SCABRA PortCr.

Barbour: in moist places near Tygart Junction (Green-
man 340).

244 Till-: WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

PARIETARIA Linn.
P. Pennsylvanica Miihl.

Pocahontas: on a rocky hillside near Traveler's Repose
(Grecjimaii 342).

LORANTHACEAE.

PHORADENDRON Nutt.
P. FLAVESCENS (Pursh.) Nutt. American Mistletoe.

Parasitic on Sugar-Maple and Black Locust, along the
Great Kanawha River in Fa3^ette County. On Black Wal-
nut and Elm in Kanawha County. On Elms in Mason
County and in Wood near Parkersburg. On Elms and
Hickories, along the Ohio and Great Kanawha rivers, in
Cabell County.

SANTALACEAE.

PYRULARIA Michx.
P. PUBERA Michx.

Rich woods. McDowell : near Elkhorn. Nicholas Co.,
along Peter Creek (BouMou). Upshur: near Buckhannon

{Pollock).

ARISTOLOCHIACEAE.

ASARUM L.
A. Canadense L. Wild Ginger. "Colic Root."

Rich woods. Wirt : near Burning Springs. Gilmer : near
Glenville (Mapel; Broum). Jefferson: near Flowing
Spring Mill. Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nttttall). Mon-
ongalia : near Uffington and Morgantown. McDowell : near
Elkhorn. Mercer: Bluestone Jc, and common throughout
the State.

HEXASTYLIS Raf.
H. ViRGiNiCA (L.) Small. (Jsanini Virginicuni L.).

Rich soil. Grant : near Bayard. Tucker : along Blacl:
Water. Gilmer: near Glenville {Mapcl, Brozvn). Green-
brier : near White Sulphur Springs. McDowell : near Elk-
horn. Mercer : Bluestone Jc. and Bluefield. Upshur : near
Buckhannon (Pollock) . Fayette: at Hawks Nest (Holton).
H. Shuttlewortiiii (J. Britten) Small. (Asaruin J. Britten).
In oak and beech woods near Bargers Spring, Summers
County, altitude 1,550 feet, July 13, 1900 (Morris, 980).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 245

ARISTOLOCHIA L.

A. Serpentaria L. Virginia Snakeroot.

Rich woods. Wirt : near Burning Springs. Randolph :
near Ford's and on Point Mountain. Gilmer : near Glen-
ville (Broivn). Grant: near Bayard. Tucker: near Davis.
Mineral: near Keyser (IVortman). Fayette: near Nuttall-
burg (Nuttall). Wetzel: near Burton {Mertz, 2328).

A. MACROPHYLLA Lam. Dutchman's Pipe. {A. Sipho L' Her.),
Rich woods, frequent throughout the State. Abundant
in the following localities. Randolph : on Point Mountaiu
(Millspaugh). Webster: Hacker Valley (H. H. Smith,
1705). Preston: near Aurora {Mr. & Mrs. Steele). Up-
shur: near Buckhannon (Pollock). Pocahontas: valley of
the East Fork of Greenbrier River (Greennian, 204). Grant :
near Bayard. Gilmer: near Glenville {Map el, Brozvn). Fay-
ette: near Nuttallburg {Nuttall). Mercer: Ingleside. Wirt:
near Burning Springs {Mertz, 2329).

POLYGONACEAE.

ERIOGONUAI Michx.
E. Alleni, Watson, in A. Gray, Man. Ed. 6, 734 (1890).

Perennial, white tomentose throughout, the tall scape-like
stem repeatedly dichotomous above ; radical leaves lanceolate,
long-petiolate, the upper in whorls of 4 or 5, ovate to ovate-
oblong, very shortly petiolate, much reduced above ; invo-
lucres mostly sessile ; flowers glabrous, yellow, the segments
elliptical. Near White Sulphur Springs, Greenbrier Co.
{Allen, Britton, Small, Mackenzie).

RUMEX L.
R. Brittanica L. Water Dock.

Wet places. Ohio: on Bogg's Island {Meriz & Gutten'
berg). Berkeley, near Martinsburg.

R. CRispus L. Curled Dock.

Waste places and cultivated fields. Frequent.
R, OBTUsiFOLius L. Bitter Dock.

Waste grounds and cultivated fields, common.
R. CRispus X OBTUSIFOLIUS. Millsp. Prel. Cat. Fl. W. Va.. 433.

Waste places. Monongalia : streets of Morgantown.
R. sanguineus L. Bloody Dock.

Damp places in waste grounds. Berkeley : near [Martins-
burg.

R. CONGLOMERATUS Murray.

Shady places. Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nuttall).

246 THE WEST X'lKGINlA FLORA

R. ACETOSELLA L. Horsc Sorrel.

Abundant everywhere ; even along paths in the d^ii'^f
spruce forests of the higher mountains.

FAGOPYRUM Gsertn.

F. Fagopvrum (L.) Karst. Buckwheat. (F. esciilcntuni Moench.)
Waste grounds and cultivated fields. A frequent escape

POLYGONUM L.
P. ORiENTALE L. Priucc's Feather.

Escaped to waste places. Lewis : near Weston. Monon-
galia : near Morgantown. Fayette : near Nuttallburg, rare
{Nuttall). Mineral: near Piedmont.
P. Pennsylvanicum L.

Low grounds. Common throughout the State.
P. Persicaria L. Lady's Thumb.

Waste grounds. Lewis : near Weston. Gilmer : iiear
Glenville \Mapel). Fayette: near Nuttallburg (NiiftaH).
Mason : near Point Pleasant. Wood : near Parkersburg.
Hardy: near Moorefield (Gajiiblc). Randolph: near Pickens
(H. H. Smith, 1440).
Fonna albiflora. Millsp. Prel. Cat. Fl. W. Va.. 432.

A pure white-flowered form abundant near Point Pleas-
ant.
P. Hydropiper L. Smartweed. Water Pepper.

Wet grounds. Monongalia : near Morgantown. Gilmer :
near Glenville (Mapel). Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nutt-
all). Ohio: near Wheeling (Mcrts & Guttcnbcrg.)
P. punctatum Ell. {P. acre N. B. K.)

Wet places. Common throughout the State.
P. HYDROPiPEROiDES Michx. Mild Water-pepper,

Swampy places. Common throughout the State.

P. ViRGINIANUM L.

Thickets and in rich soils. Common throughout the State
P. AVicuLARE L. Door-weed. "Goose-grass."

About dwellings and roadsides. Common throughout the
State.

P. ERECTUM L.

With the last, especially in streets.
P. TENUE Michx.

Dry pastures. Wood : near Kanawha Station. Monon-
galia : near Morgantown. Taylor: near Grafton, and com-
mon throughout the State.
P. ciLiNODE Michx.

Pendleton; in rockv places on Spruce Knob (Grccnman
346).

WEST \IRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 247

I' SAGiTTATUM L. Tear-thuiiib.

Wet places. Common throughout the State.

P. ARIFOLIUM L.

Low grounds. Berkeley : near Alartinsburg. Monongalia :
near Morgantown, and elsewhere frequent.
P. Convolvulus L. Black Bindweed.

Gardens and waste places. Fayette : near Nuttallburg
(Niittall). Mason: near Point Pleasant.
P. CRiSTATUM Engelm. & Gray.

Along the Guyandot River below Baileysville, Wyoming
County, altitude 1,100-1,250 feet, August 19, 1900 (Morris,
1255). Preston: near Aurora (Mr. & Mrs. Steele).
P. SCANDEXS L. Climbing False Buckwheat.
Low grounds along streams, common.

C H E N O P O D I A C E A E.

CHENOPODIUM, L.

C. ALBUM L. Lamb's Quarters. Pigweed.

Roadsides and waste places, common throughout the State.
Var. viRiDE (L.) Moc^.

Dry sandy hillsides. Fayette : near Nuttallburg, alt. 2,000
feet, uncommon (N^uttall).

C. IIYBRIDU:\I L.

Dry sandy hillsides. Fayette : near Nuttallburg, appar-
ently indigenous (A'utfall). Jefferson: near Shepherdstown.

C. MURALE L.

Plentiful along the cool northward bases of walls in the
town of Harper's Ferry, Jefferson County (Greene).

C. URBICUM L.

Waste places, frequent.

C. GLAUCUM L.

Waste places. Monongalia : near Ice's Ferry.
C. BoTRYS L. Jerusalem Oak.

Ohio : near WHieeling. Jefferson : Shepherdstown.

C. AMBROSioiDES L. Mexican Tea.

Waste places. Common. Kanawha: along Great Kan^
awha River. Taylor : near Grafton. Wood : near Parkers-
burg.

C. AXTHELMiNTicuM L. Wormsecd.

Plentiful along the Great Kanawha River. In Kanawha,
Putnam and Mason counties. Fayette : near Nuttallburg
(XntfaU). Jackson: along C. & P. pike.

248 THE WliST \1RGINIA FLORA

SALSOLA Linn.
S. Tragus Linn. Rnssian Thistle.

Monongalia : a few plants of this species appeared in an
alfalfa field, in 1904, near Alorgantown (Sheldon, 685).

A M A R A N T H A C E A E.

AMARANTHUS, L.

A. HYBRIDUS L. Red Amaranth (A. hypochondriaciis L.).

Waste places. Ohio: on Bogg's Island (Merta & Gut-

tenbcrg). Monongalia: near Morgantown. Fayette: neai

Nuttallburg, common {Niittall). Hardy: near Moorefield

{Gamble).

A. PANICULATUS L.

Waste places. IMonongalia : near Morgantown. Hardy :
near Moorefield {Gamble).

A. RETROFLEXUS L. PigWCCd.

Ohio: on Bogg's Island {Mertz & Guttenbcyg). Monon-
galia : near Morgantown.
A. GRAEcizANS L. Tumblc-wecd. {A. albits L.).

Waste places. Monongalia : near Morgantown.
A. SPiNOSUS L. Thorny Amaranth.

Waste grounds. Kanawha : near Charleston. Putnam :
near Buffalo. Mason : near Point Pleasant. Wood : near
Parkersburg, abundant. Jefferson : near Shepherdstown.

PHYTOLACCACEAE.

PHYTOLACCA, L.
P. DECANDRA L. Poke. Scokc. Garget.

All situations, even on the higher mountains. Common
throughout the State.

AIZOACEAE.

MOLLUGO, L.
M. vERTiciFLATA L. Carpet-wecd.

Waste and cultivated grounds. Monongalia : hills about
Morgantown. Marion : near Fairmont. Fayette : near Nutt-
allburg, sandy banks of New River {Nuttall).

PORTULACEAE.

PORTULACA, L.
P. OLERACEA L. Purslane. "Pussley."

A weed in cultivated grounds and gardens. Common
throughout the State.

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 249

CLAYTONIA, L.
C. ViRGiNiCA L. Spring Beauty.

Common throughout the northern parts of the State, in
rich open woods and along spring runs. Gihiier : near Glen-
ville {Mapel; Brown). Hardy: near Moorefield {Gamble).
C. Caroliniana Michx.

Frequent with the former species. Marion, Preston^
Wood, Wirt, Calhoun, Gilmer, Lewis, Upshur and Randolph
counties. Fayette : near Nuttallburg (A'uttall). Ohio: near
Wheeling (Merts, 355).

CARYOPHYLLACEAE.

AGROSTEMMA L.
A. GiTJiAGG L. Corn Cockle. {Lychnis Githago Scop).

A frequent weed in wheat fields throughout the State.
Fayette: near Nuttallburg, in shady places {Nuttall).

SILENE L.

S. STELLATA (L.), Ait. Starry Campion.

Wooded banks, frequent. Wood, Wirt, Calhoun, Gilmer,
Lewis, and Upshur, common. Preston : near Terra Alta ;
near Aurora {Mr. and Mrs. Steele). Summers: near
Hinton. Greenbrier : near White Sulphur Springs. Fayette :
near Nuttallburg {Nuttall). Hardy: near Moorefield {Gam-
ble).
S. ViRGiNiCA L. Fire Pink. Catchfly.

Open woods. Kanawha: near Charleston {Barnes).
Fayette: near Nuttallburg, very common {Nuttall). Mer-
cer : near Bluefield. Monongalia : permian formations at
Cassville, growing on a low roadside bank, fully exposed
to the sun, but well supplied with root moisture {Morris).
S. ALBA Muhl. {S. nivea Otth.).

Wooded banks. Fayette: near Nuttallburg {Nuttall).
S. Caroliniana Walt. Wild Pink. {S. Pcnnsyhanica, Michx.)
Open woods. Monongalia : near Morgantown. Mineral :
near Keyser {Workman). Gilmer: near Glenville {Mapel).
Hampshire : Doe's Gully. Greenbrier Co., on Kate's Moun-
tain, alt. 3.300 ft. {Small; Eggleston, 4355).
S. antirrhina L. Sleepy Catchfly.

Dry places. Fayette: near Nuttallburg {Nuttall). Pres-
ton: {Pollock).

SAPONARIA L.
S. OFFICINALIS L. Soap-wort. Bouncing Bet.

Becoming a very common weed along roadsides through-

250 Tin-: WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

out the more settled portions of the State. In especially
large areas along the B. & O. R. R. and Shenandoah X'allev
R. R., in Jefferson Co. Calhoun: Grantsville. Gilmer:
Glenville (Mapcl). Webster: near Pugh ( //. H. Smith,
1668). Berkeley: Martinsburg. Summers: near Hinton.
Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nnttall). Hardy: near Aloore-
field {Gamble). ^Monongalia : near Lock 9.

VACCARIA ^ledic.
V. Vaccaria (L.) Britton.

Established in waste ground at Seebert. Pocahontas
County (A. B. Brooks). Monongalia: near Alorgantown
(Sheldon, 3594).

«

DIANTHUS L.

D. Armeria L. Deptford Pink.

Fields, roadsides, and river banks. Clarion : near Catawba
(iv. D. JVolker). Gilmer: near Glenville (Mapel). Fayette:
near Nuttallburg, rare {Nnttall) ; near Kanawha Fall>.
{James). Summers: near Hinton. Jefferson: at Harper'?
Ferry {Merta & Guttenberg).

ALSINE L. (1753 ante).
(Stellaria L. 1753 post.)
A. media L. Chickweed.

Damp places, common everywhere. Fayette : near Nuttall-
burg, blooms all winter {Nnttall).
A. Tennesseensis (Mohr) Small.

Woods and thickets. Ohio: near Wheeling {Mertz).
A. PUBERA (Michx.) Britton. Great Chickweed.

Shady places, common. Monongalia, Marion and Preston
counties. Gilmer: near Glenville {Mapel). Fayette: near
Nuttallburg {Nnttall). Mercer: near Bluefield {Mills-
paiigh). Upshur: near Buckhannon {Pollock).
A. LONGiFOLiA (Muhl.) Britton. Long-leaved Stitchwort.
Damp soils. Gilmer: near Glenville (Mapel).

CERASTIUM L.

C. vuLGATUM L. Large Mouse-ear Chickweed.

Waste ground and fields. Ohio : Cowan's Hill, near
Wheeling (Mcrtz & Gnttcnberg). Gilmer: near Glenville
(Mapel). Wood: near Waverly and elsewhere, becoming
frequent. Fayette : near Nuttallburg (Nnttall). Randolph:
near Pickens '(//. //. Smith. 1386).'

WEST \IRG1XIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 25I

C. viscosu.M L. Mouse-ear Chickweed.

Fields. Ohio: Cowan's Hill, near Wheeling- {Mertz &
Giiltcnbcrg). Fayette: near Nnttallburg {Xtittall). Mon-
ongalia : near Morgantown.
C. ARVENSE L. Field Chickweed.

Dry places. Frequent throughout the State.
C. LONGEPEDUNCULATUM Muhl. Star Chickweed. (C. nutans
Raf.). Woods: near streamlets; common in Monongalia
and Marion counties.

SAGINA Linn.

S. PROCUMBENS Linn.

In moist places. Monongalia: near :\Iorgantown (Shcl-
don, 4291).

ARENARL\ L.
A. SERPVLLiFOLLv L. Thvmc-leaved Sandwort.

Sandy banks. Kanawha: near Charleston (Barnes).
Hardy: near ^loorefield {Gamble).

SPERGULA L.
S. ARVExsis L. Field Spurry.

Fields. Preston: near Cranberry Summit (Mertz & Gut-
tenbcrg): near Terra Alta (Millsl^aiigh) : near Aurora
(Mr. & Mrs. Steele). Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nnttall).

PARONYCHIA Adans.
P. incHOTOMA (L.) Nutt. Whitlow-wort.

Rocky places. Jeiterson : near Harper's Ferry (Gray).

AXYCHIA Michx.
A. Candensis (L.),, B. S. P. (A. capiUacea, D. C.)

Dry Woods. Favette : near Nuttallburg common (Nntt-
all).

A. POLYGONOiDES Raf. ( Aiiycliia diclwtoma, Michx.).

This species first appeared in this locality in 1895, at the
bottom of a newly excavated railroad cut. Had the seeds
been buried and dormant? (Nnttall, 1837). Morris says:
"I should say, no. This species w^as common with and near-
ly as abundant as the next throughout the above mentioned
counties. It is probable that the newly excavated cut proved,
perhaps unusually suitable for the germination of scatter-
ing seeds."

A. DIVARICATA Raf.

\^■yoming: near Baileysville (Morris 125 pt.).

25-2 THE WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

N Y M P H A E A C E A E.

CASTALIA Salisb.
C. CDORATA (Dryand), Woodv. & Wood. White Water Lily.
Nymphaea odorata. Ait.

In slack waters. Preston : near Pennsylvania line, rare.

NYMPHAEA L.

N. ADVENA Soland. Yellow Pond Lily.

In slack waters. Preston : near Terra Alta. Wood :
Wirt : Calhoun and Gilmer : along the Little Kanawha
River. Upshur : near Lorentz. Morgan : along the Little
Cacapon. Putnam : near Buffalo. Hardy : near Moorefield.
Pocahontas: Marlinton (Kellerman).

M A G N O L I A C E A E.

MAGNOLIA L.
M. ACUMINTA L. Cucumber Tree, 'Yellow Lin."

Rich woods. Monongalia : along the Monongahela River,
especially near Little Falls, Opekiska, and Montana. Wirt :
along Little Kanawha River. Randolph : on Point Moun-
tain, alt. 2335-3700 ft. Webster: along Buffalo Bull Moun-
tains. Nicholas : at Beaver Mills, and Collett's Glade.
Jackson : near Sandyville. Mineral : near Keyset . Preston :
along B. & O. R. R. Randolph : on Cheat Mountain, alt.
2800 ft. Gilmer: near Glenville {Mapel). Monroe: near
Alderson. Summers : near Greenbrier Stock Yards ; near
Hinton. Kanawha : near Handley. Harrison : near Shinns-
ton and Lumberport. Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Ntittall).
Preston: near Aurora (Mr. & Mrs. Steele).
M. TRiPETALA L. Umbrella tree. {M. Umbrella, Lam.).

Rich woods near streams. Wirt : near Burning Springs.
Randolph: on Point Mountain, alt. 2800 ft. (Millspaugh) ;
near Pickens (H. H. Smith, 1944). Kanawha : near Charles-
ton {Barnes; James). Nicholas: near Beaver Mills, alt.
2125 ft, Gilmer: near Glenville (Mapel). Monongalia:
Little Falls. Summers : near Hinton. Harrison : near
Shinnston and Lumberport. Fayette : near Nuttallburg, rare
{Nuttall). Hardy : near Moorefield. McDowell : near Elk-
horn. Mercer : Bluestone Junction and Ingleside.

"This species forms a very conspicuous part of the forests
along Dry Fork and Crane Creek in McDowell County, and
along the Guyandot River in Wyoming county. A great
many young trees are now filling the places made vacant by

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 253

.the cutting- of a few selected trees of other species. It is
noticeable that until these trees reach the age of flowering
and thereafter there is none of the characteristic umbrella-
like clustering- of the leaves on the axis of the season but
they are strongly alternate and distant. This character con-
fuses the species with Magnolia acuminata in the young
large-leaved stage, unless the smoothness or pubescence of
the leaf-buds be noted" (Morris). In Webster county, at
Hacker Valley, this species is replacing "yellow poplar"
where that timber has been removed (H. H.' Smith).
M. Fraseri Walt. Ear-leaved Magnolia.

Leaves oblong-obovate or spatulate, auriculate at the base,
glabrous, 8 to 20 in. long ; petals obovate-spatulate, with nar-
row claws, 4 in. long. Rower more graceful and cone of
fruit smaller than in the preceding species.

Type locality doubtless in the Alleghanies of West Vir-
ginia, where it is abundant and in typical form.

Pocahontas : valley of the East Fork of Greenbrier River
(Greenman, 192). Deep rich mountain woods. Randolph:
on Point Mountain, alt. 3700 ft. (Millspaugh) ; near Pickens
(//. H. Smith, 1945). Webster: on Buffalo Bull Moun-
tain, alt. 3400 ft. Nicholas: near Beaver Mills, alt. 2125
ft. Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nuttall). Summers: near
Hinton. AIcDowell : near Elkhorn. Mercer : Bluestone Jc.

LIRIODENDRON L.

L. Tulipifera L. Tulip Tree, "White, Yellowy, or Hickory Pop-
lar."

Common in rich woods throughout the State. Magnifi-
cent trees in Randolph, Pocahontas, Greenbrier, Webster,
Nicholas, and Preston counties. Summers : near Hinton.
Fayette: near Kanawha Falls; near Nuttallburg, common
.(Xuttall). Hardy: near Moorefield (Gamble). Mercer:
near Ingleside.

A N O N A C E A E.

ASIMINA Adans.
A. triloba (L.), Dunal. Papaw.

Rich soil near streams, common. Wood : near Kanawha
Station ( Mills pan gh) ; near the mouth of the Little Kana-
wha (Michaux). Wirt: along Straight Creek Webster:
Buffalo Bull IMountains, alt. 2100 ft. Nicholas: along Peter
Creek. Fayette: along Gauley River. Kanawha, Putnam
and Mason : along the Great Kanawha. Gilmer : near Glen-

254 '^"ilE WEST \[K(;iXlA J'LORA

ville {Mallei). Greenbrier: near Ronceverte.' Sumn;ers :
near Hinton Marion : near Worthington, Fairmont and
Montana. Monongalia : general. Fayette : near Nuttallburg,
common (Ahittall). Morgan: near Cacapon. Hardy: near
Moorefield. Mercer : near Ingleside. Randolph : near Pick-
ens (H. H. Sjiiith, 1475).

R A N U N C U L A C E A E.

HYDRASTIS, Ellis.
H. Canadensis L. Yellow Root, Yellow Puccoon, Golden Seal.
Deep rich woods. Jackson : near Ripley. Wirt : near
Burning Springs. Grant : near Bayard. Upshur : summit
on Staunton pike. Lewis : along Leading Creek. Calhoun :
along Laurel Run. Gilmer: near Glenville (Mapel ; JSrozcn).
Monongalia : along Cheat River.

CALTHA L.
C. PALusTRis, L. jMarsh Marigold.

Two stations only known to me : Grant : in a spring run
in deep woods near Bayard, about fifty plants within an
area of one hundred feet. Preston : near Terra Alta.

HELLEBORUS L.
H. viRiDis L. Green Hellebore.

Hardy: near ^loorefield (Gaiiiblc). It was from speci-
mens sent to Dr. Gray from this station by Dr. Gamble, that
the location "W. Va." was credited in the Manual.

COPTIS Salisb.
C. TRIPOLI A (L.), Salisb. Gold Thread. {Isopynnn trifolium,
Britton).

Deep, rich mountain woods. Preston : near Mill Run and
Cranesville.

XANTHORRHIZA L' Her.
X. ApiiFOLiA L' Her. Shrub Yellow Root.

Rich rocky mountain woods. Nicholas : on ?\Iumble-the-
Peg Creek, plentiful. Fayette: near Nuttallburg, common
(Nuttall). Upshur: {Pollock). Barbour: on river bank
near Tygart Junction (Grcciiiiiaii, 184).

ACTAEA L.
A. RUBRA (Ait.), Willd. Red Baneberry. (A. spicata rubra A'lt.).
Rich woods, infrequent. Randolph: on Point Mountain.
Grant : near Bavard. Tucker : near Davis.

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 255

A. ALBA (L.) Mill. White Baneberry.

Rich woods. Randolph : on Point Mountain. Tucker :
near Davis. Grant : near Bayard. Fayette : near Nuttall-
burg (Niittall). Preston : near Aurora {Mr. & Mrs. Steele).

CIMICIFUGA L.
C. Americana Michx. American Bug-bane.

Plentiful throughout the mountain regions of Mineral,
Hampshire, Grant and Tucker counties. Hardy : near Moore-
field ; Randolph, Pendleton, Webster, Pocahontas and Green-
brier counties. Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nuttall). Mc-
Dowell: near Elkhorn. Preston: near Aurora (Mr. & Mrs.
Steele).

C. racemosa (L.), Nutt. Rattle-weed, Black Cohosh.

Rich opens and clearings. Wood : near Leachtown.
Lewis : along Stone Coal Creek. Randolph : near Valley
Bend ; Point Mountain, alt. 3300 ft. Webster : Buffalo Bull
Mountains. Gilmer: near Glenville (Mapel). Preston:
near Aurora (Mr. & Mrs Steele). Fayette: near Nuttall-
burg (Nuttall) and frequent throughout the State.

AQUILEGIA L.
A. Canadensis L. Wild Columbine.

Damp, rocky places. Mineral : along Knobby mountains.
Monongalia : along Cheat River. Calhoun : along Little
Kanawha River. Gilmer: near Glenville (Mapel; Brozvn).
Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nuttall). Hampshire: near
Does Gully. Hardy : near Moorefield.

A small form 6 to 8 inches high, with small leaves and
flowers. Mercer : near Beaver Spr.

DELIPHINIUM L.

D. tricorne Michx. Dwarf Larkspur.

Dry woods. Monongalia : along Cheat and Alononga-
hela Rivers. Marion: along the Monongahela. Gilmer:
near Glenville (Mapel; Broziii). Frequent throughout the
northern part of the State. Fayette : near Nuttallburg (Nutt-
all). Lewis: (Pollock).
Forma aluiflora IMillsp. Prel. Cat. Fl. W. Va., 322.

Monongalia : prevalent near Stumptown. The flowers
are pure white with no tinge of blue.
D. AjAcis Linn. Larkspur.

Escaped and thoroughly established near Wheelers, Web-
ster County (H. H. S}uith. 1652). Monongalia: near Mor-
gantown (Slniuk).

256 THE WEST \IRGINIA FLORA

D. CoNSOLiDA L. Field Larkspur.

Frequent in old fields and along- roadsides. Lewis : along
Stone Coal Creek. Monongalia : near Morgantown. Up-
shur : near Buckhannon. Randolph : near Beverly. Kana-
wha : near Kanawha Falls (James).

ACONITUM L.
A. uxciNATUM L. Wild Monk's Hood.

Deep, rich woods along streams. Randolph : along Cheat
River near Cheat Bridge. Monongalia : near Camp Eden.
Fayette: along New River near Nuttallburg (Niittall).
A. RECLiNATUM A. Gray.

Woodlands. Randolph : on Cheat Mountain (Gra^)). Pen-
dleton : in a damp depression on Spruce Knob ; and Poca-
hontas : on the Greenbrier River, "in neither place did the
plants appear to have the least tendency to trail : they were
strictly erect (A. B. Brooks).

ANEMONE L.
A. CYLiNDRiCA Gray. Long-fruited Anemone.

Dry Woodlands. Wood : near Leachtown. Jackson : near
Sandyville. Rare.
A. ViRGiNiANA L. Thimble-weed.

Open woods and meadows. Upshur : near Buckhannon
{Mills pail gh, Pollock). Monongalia: along the Mononga-
hela River. Webster: near Hacker Valley (//. H. Smith,
1649). Randolph: Rich Mountains, alt. 1825 ft. Fayette:
near Nuttallburg, where it grows as tall as 4 ft. (Nuttall).
Frequent throughout the State.
A. Canadensis L. Pennsylvania Anemone. (A. Pennsyha-
nica, L.).

Rich woods, rare. Calhoun : along Laurel Run. Gilmer :
near Glenville (Mapel).
A. QUiNOUEFOLiA L. Wind-flowcr. Wood Anemone. A. ne-
morsa, L.).

Margins of rich woods and opens. Calhoun : along Laurel
Run. Gilmer: near Glenville (Mapel). Fayette: near Nutt-
' allburg (Nuttall). And general throughout the State.

A. TRIFOLIA L.

Rich woods. Mercer : near Ingieside. McDowell : near
Elkhorn. Monongalia : near Camp Eden. Greenbrier : in
a dry ravine at White Sulphur Springs, alt. about 2,300 ft.
(Heller).

The altitude of the first two stations in the southern part
of the State is from 2,200-2,350 ft. ; these localities are along

WEST \"IRGIXIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 257

the same range of mountains as the original station of Canby
in \'irginia. The ]\lonongaHa station in the extreme north-
ern part of the State has an akitude of about 850 ft. and is
near Knipes' Pennsylvania station. Though I have not as
yet found the species at any point through the State that
would connect these distant localities, yet I fully believe that
many will be found in the future.

HEPATICA Scop.
H. Hepatica (L.)., Karst. Hepatica. Liver-leaf.

Rocky or rich woods. Gilmer: near Glenville (Mapel).
Greenbrier : near White Sulphur Springs. Hardy : near
Moorefield {Gamble), fiercer: near Bluefield. ^lononga-
lia : along Decker's Creek. Fayette : near Nuttallburg, where
it often grows in clefts in rocks (XiittaH). And frequent
throughout the northern portions of the State.
H. ACUTA (Pursh.) Britt.

Rich woods. Gilmer: near Glenville (Mapel; Brown).
Greenbrier : near \\'hite Sulphur Springs. Monongalia :
near Cheat \'iew. McDowell: near Elkhorn. Mercer: Blue-
stone Jc. Throughout the State, especially eastward in the
mountains. ]\lore frequent than the preceding.

SYNDESMON Hoft'm'g.

S. thalictroides (L.) Hoffm'g. Rue Anemone. (Tlialicfrinn
anemonoidcs, ]\Iichx.).

Woods and hillsides. Gilmer: near Glenville (Mapel).
Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Xuttall). Monongalia: near
Uffington and Morgantown. Hardy: near Moorefield (Gam-
ble), fiercer: near Beaver Spr. Frequent throughout the
State.

Forma rosea Millsp. Prel. Cat. Fl. W. \a., 319.

A beautiful rose colored clump of the species has per-
sisted for two years in ^Monongalia at Little Falls near the
Cascade.

CLEMATIS L.
C. ViRGiNiANA L. A'irgin's Bower.

River banks, fence rows, etc., ^Monongalia : Marion: Pres-
ton: Wood. Webster: Long Glade (Millspangh) ; near
Hacker Valley (H. H. Smith, 1648). Gilmer: Glenville
(Mapel). Greenbrier: near White Sulphur Springs. Sum-
mers: near Hinton, Kanawha: near Charleston. Fayette:
near Xuttallburg (A'uttall). Preston: near Aurora (Mr. &
Mrs. Steele). Tucker: in a thicket near Parsons (Green-
man, 190).

25^" THli WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

C. V'lORNA L. Leather Flower.

Thickets in rich soil. Monongalia: Little Falls. Marion:
V^alley Falls {K. D. Walker). Fayette: near Nuttallburg
(Nitttall). Summers: near Hinton.
C. ovATA Pursh.

Greenbrier Co. : in rocky soil high up on Kate's Mountain,
near White Sulphur Springs {N. L. Britton; Mackenzie;
Small; Heller 842).

ATRAGENE L.
A. Americana Sims. {Clematis verticillaris DC).

Rocky woods. Monongalia : near Cheat View.

TRAUTVETTERIA F. & M.

T. Carolinensis (Walt.) Vail. False Bug-bane. (T. paliiiata F.
&M.)._

Plentiful along the Blackwater Fork of Cheat, about one
mile below Davis in Tucker county. Fayette : near Hawk's
Nest; and Loup Creek (James) ; near Nuttallburg, common
(Niittall) ; near Quinnimont (Pollard & Maxon 26). Pres-
ton : (Pollock).

RANUNCULUS L.
R. OBTUSiuscuLUS Raf. Water Plantain Spear Wort (R. ambi-
geiis Wats.).

One station only ; Upshur : in a marshv spot near Lorentz
(Millspaugh; Pollock).
R. ABORTivus L. Small-flowered Crowfoot.

Damp, shady places, frequent throughout the State.
R. scELERATUS L. Cursed Crowfoot.

Moist places, common throughout the State.
R. micranthus Nutt.

In rich woods. Monongalia : near Seneca (Sheldon
4270).
R. Alleghaniensis Britton.

Mountain woods. Pocahontas: near Spruce Knob (A. B
Brooks).
R. HispiDUS Michx.

Dry woodlands and thickets. Greenbrier : near White Sul-
phur Springs (Egglesion, 4360).
R. RECURVATUS Poir. Hooked Crowfoot.

Rich, open woods. Abundant along the Monongahela
River in L^pshur, Barbour, Taylor, Marion, and Monongalia
counties. Fayette: near Nuttallburg, not common (Nnttall).
Hampshire: near Romney (Millspaugh, 1568). Mercer:
near Simmons.

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 259

R. FAscicuLARis Muhl. Early Crowfoot,

Dry or moist grassy hillsides. Monongalia : near ^lor-
gantown. Mineral: near Keyser {Workman). Gilmer:
near Glenville {Mapcl). Hardy: near Moorefield {Gamble).
R. SEPTENTRiONALis Poir. Buttercup.

Moist, shady places. Fayette: near Nuttallburg {Nnitall),
and general throughout the State.
R. Pennsylvanicus L. f. Pennsylvania Buttercup.

Damp woods. Monongalia and Marion : along the Monon-
gahela River.
R. repens L. Creeping Crowfoot.

Low grounds. Mineral : Banks of the Potomac near
Keyser. Jefferson : near Shenandale Springs.

R. BULBOSUS Linn.

Fields and roadsides. Monongalia: near Morgantown {A.
B. Brooks).
R. ACRis L. Tall Buttercups.

Waste places infrequent. Wood : near Parkersburg, Jef-
ferson : near Shenandoah Junction. Randolph : in clearings
on Cheat Mountain, near Cheat Bridge, alt. 3,350 ft. ; near
Pickens {H. H. Smith, 1388). Preston: near Terra Alta
Workman). Gilmer: near Glenville {Mapel).

THALICTRUM L.

T. DIOICUM L.

Rocky woods : frequent throughout the State. Especially
noticeable in the Alleghanies.
T. POLYGAMUM ]\Iuhl. Common Meadow Rue.

Damp meadows and near streams and ditches. Randolph :
rich growths in the bottoms along Tygart's Valley River
Fayette: near Kanawha Falls {James); near Nuttallburg,
alt. 2,000 ft. {Nnttall). Gilmer: near Glenville. Frequent
throughout the State.
T. PURPURASCENS L. PurpHsh Meadow Rue.

Dry, open woods and rocky hillsides. Wirt : near Eliza-
beth ; near Burning Springs. Webster : near Copper Glade.
Randolph: along Tygart's Valley River, alt. 2,100 ft. Fay-
ette: near Nuttallburg {Nuttall).

T. CLAVATUM DC.

Fayette : near Nuttallburg, in sandy clefts of rocks around
waterfall, alt. 2,000 ft., one station (Nuttall).

26o THE WRST VIRGINIA FLORA

B E R B E R I D A C E A E.

BERBERIS L.
B. Canadensis Mill. Barberry.

Fields and roadsides. Mercer : near Beaver Spring, where
it partakes of the nature of a weed {Millspaugh). Sum-
mers: near Hinton ( Egglcstoii, 5579). Monroe: along In-
dian Creek (F. E. Brooks).

B. VULGARIS L.

Thickets and roadsides. Monongalia : a wide escape near
Laurel Point. ]\Iercer: a wide escape near Ingleside.

CAULOPHYLLUM Michx.

C. THALicTROiDEs (L.) Michx. Blue Cohosh.

Deep, rich woods. Randolph : Rich Mountains ; Point
Mountain, alt. 3.300 ft. Monongalia : along the Mononga-
hela River. Gilmer: near Glenville (Mapel). Fayette:
near Nuttallburg {Nuftall). Mercer: near Bluefield. Fre-
quent throughout the State.

JEFFERSONIA Barton.
J. DiPHYLLA (L.) Pers. Twin-leaf.

Rich woods. Monongalia: near Morgantown. Marion:
near Glover's Gap. Wetzel : near Littleton. Marshall :
near Glen Easton. Gilmer: near Glenville {Mapel; Brozvn).
Cabell: near Huntington (Sclby). Lewis: near Lorentz
Pollock).

PODOPHYLLUM L.
P. PELTATUM L. May Apple. Mandrake.

Frequent throughout the State, in some rich spots very
abundant. Randolph: Rich Mountains, alt. 1,610-2,125 ft.;
Point ^Mountain, alt. 3,300 ft. Fayette: near Nuttallburg
(N'lttfall). Hardy: near Moorefield (Gamble). Mercer:
Bluestone Jc.

^I E N I S P E R M A C E A E.

MENISPERMUM L.
M. Canadense L. Moonseed.

Thickets. Wirt : along Little Kanawha River. Marion
and Monongalia: along the r\lonongahela. Greenbrier: near
White Sulphur Springs. Fayette : near Nuttallburg, pistil-
late plants, rare (Nut fall). Randolph: along Tygarts Valley
River near Huttonsville. (G'rrr/!;//a;/, 175)- Hardy: near

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 261

Moorefield. jMercer : near Princeton ; and frequent along
streams throughout the State.

C A L Y C A N T ii A C E A E.

BUTNERIA Duham (1755).
{Calycanthiis, L. i/3q).
B. FLORIDA (L.) Kearney. Allspice. Sweet-scented Shrub.

Rich woods. Randolph : near Fords, on Staunton Pike,
thence frequent over Rich Mountains. Webster and Nicho-
las : along Buffalo Bull Ridge. Fayette : along the Gauley
River near Gauley Mountains. Summers : near Hinton.
B. FERTiLis (Walt.) Kearney {B. laevigatns in Flora).

Rich woods. McDowell : back of R. R. water tank neai
Welsh.

L A U R A C E A E.

SASSAFRAS, Nees & Eberm.

S. Sassafras (L.) Karst. Sassafras. {Sassafras officinale ^Qts.).
Thickets and opens. Abundant throughout the State.

BENZOIN Fabric.
B. Benzoin (L.) Coulter. Wild Allspice. Spice-bush. {Lin
dera Benzoin Blume).

Low woods. Common throughout the State.

P A P A V E R A C E A E.

SANGUINARIA L.

S. Canadensis L. Blood-root "Coon-root."

Rich woods, frequent. Randolph : Point Mountain. Mon-
ongalia : near Morgantown. Jefferson : near Flowing Spring,
and Shenandale Spring. Gilmer: near Glenville {Mapel).
Fayette: near Nuttallburg {Nnttall). Hardy: near ]\Ioore-
field {Gamble). Greenbrier: near White Sulphur Springs
{Egglestoii, 4340). Throughout the State.

STYLOPHORUM Nutt.
S. DYPHLLUM (]\lichx.) Nutt. Celandine Poppy.

Old fields. Ohio: near Wheeling {Merts & Giittenberg).
Fayette: near Nuttallburg {Nnttall).

262 THE WEST \IRGINIA FLORA

CHELIDONIUM L.

C. MAjus L. Celandine.

^^'aste grounds, near dwellings. ^Monongalia : near
Easton ; near Morgantown. Jefferson : near Charlestown,
abundant. Lewis: near Weston. Hardy: near Moorefield
(Gamble). Hampshire: near Romney.

PAPAVER L.
P. DUBiUM L. Smooth-fruited Corn-poppy.

Cultivated grounds, and waste fields. Jeft'erson : near
Shenandoah Jc. ; near Charlestown, abundant. Berkeley:
near Hedgesville, a weed.

ADLUMIA Raf.

A. FUNGOSA (Ait.) Greene.

Monongalia: climbing over rocks, Tibb's Run (Mills-
paugh). Pendleton : top of Alleghany Mountains above Hor-
ton (Greenman, 195).

GLAUCIUM Juss.
G. Glaucium (L.) Karst.

Jefferson : near Charlestown, Shenandoah Junction, Spring
Mill, and Milltown.

BICUCULLA Adans.

B. Cucullaria (L.) Millsp. Prel. Cat. Fl. W. Va., 327. Dutch-

man's Breeches.

Rich woods. Monongalia : near Morgantown ; along Cheat
River. Gilmer: near Glenville (Mapel). Hardy: near
Moorefield {Gamble). Fayette : near Nuttallburg (Nuttall).
Lewis: (Pollock).
B. Canadensis (Goldie) Millsp. ibid. Squirrel Corn.

Rich woods. Monongalia and Marion : along the Monon-
gahela River. Preston : along Cheat River. Fayette : near
Nuttallburg (Nut fall).

B. ExiMiA (Ker.) Millsp. ibid.

Pocahontas : summit of Spruce Knob, alt. 4,800 ft. (Hop-
kins).

CAPNOIDES Adans (1763).
(Neckeria, Scop. 1777.)

C. SEMPERViRENS (L.) Bovck. Pale Corydalis. (N. glanca (L.)

Millsp.).

On rocks. Randolph : on Lone Sugar Knob. Gilmer :
near Glenville (.Mapel). Fayette: near Nuttallburg (A^iiff-

WEST \IRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 263

all). Preston: near Aurora (Air. & Mrs. Steele). Poca-
hontas : {Pollock).

C. FLAVULUM (Raf.) Kuntze. Yellow Corydalis. N. Havula
(Raf.) Millsp.

Rich soils. Common throughout the northern counties.
Favette : near Nuttallburg (Niittall). Hardy: near Moore-
field.

C. AUREUM (Willd.') Kuntze. Golden Corydalis. (A^ aitrea,
(VVilld.) MillspO-

Along streams. Hardy : near Moorefield (Gfl;7!/?/c). Ohio:
near Wheeling {Mert:;^ 125).

FU MARIA L.
F. OFFICINALIS L. Fumitory.

Waste places. Hardy: near Moorefield {Gamble).

BRASSICACEAE.
(Cruciferae.)

LEPIDIUxM L.
L. ViRGiNicuM L. Wild Peppergrass.

Fields and roadsides, common throughout the State.
L. CAMPESTRE (L.), R. Br. English Peppergrass, "Glenn-weed,"
"Glenn-pepper," "Crowd-weed."

An exceedingly abundant weed in Jefferson and Berkeley
counties, where it is known as "Glenn-weed," it being first
noticed in the fields of Colonel Glenn ; who tells me that the
weed was quite plentiful, however, in these fields before he
purchased them, having been brought there in clover seed
bought in Hagerstown, Md., and sown by the previous owner
of the farm. The weed is now the worst pest in the large
wheat fields of those counties.

SISYMBRIUM L.
S. OFFICINALE (L.), Scop. Hedge Mustard.

Roadsides and ditches, too common throughout the State.
S. ALTissiMUM Linn.

Established in waste grounds at Morgantown, Monongalin
County {Sheldon, 3599).

BRASSICA L.
B. NIGRA (L.) Koch. Black Mustard.

Fields and waste places. Fayette : near Nuttallburg, much
eaten as "greens" in spring {Niittall). A common weed
throughout the State.

264 Till-; \Vi:ST \' IRC. IMA l-LORA

B. ARVENSis (L.), B. S. 1'. Charlock, "Crowd-weed," "Kraut-
weed." {B. Sinapistnmi lioiss.)-

A miserable weed in wheat fields in Jefferson and Berkeley'
counties. Less abundant elsewhere throughout the State.

RAPHANUS L.
R. SATixus L. Radish.

Frequently persistent in waste grounds and cultivated
fields, in many parts of the State.

BARBAREA R. Br.
B. Barbarea (L.) MacM. Yellow Rocket. (B. vuh^aris R.Br.).
Becoming a weed in many places in Jefferson : Berkeley :
Morgan: Hardy: near Moorefield (Gamble): and other
counties.
B. PRAECOX (Smith), R. Br. Scurvy Grass.

Running wild near Charlestown in Jefferson ; and Lewis :
near Weston ( Millspaiigh). Ohio: near Wheeling {Rich-
ardson).

lODANTHUS T. & G.
L piNNATiFiDUS (Michx.) Stcudel.

Banks of the Ohio River. Ohio: near Elm Grove (Cur-
tis).

RORIPA Scop. 1760).
(NastiirtiiiiiL R. Br. 1812.)
R. Nasturtium (L.), Rusbv. Water Cress. (Nasturtiuui offici-
nale, R. Br.).

Cold spring runs, frequent. Jeft'erson : near Shenandale
Springs ; near Flowing Spring : Lewis : on Leading Creek.
Wirt : near Elizabeth.
R. SYLVESTRis (L.), Bcssey. Yellow Wood-cress. (Xastnrtinni
sylz'cstre, R. Br.).

jNIoist places in open woods, frequent. Monongalia : near
Morgantown. Preston : Cold Spring. Marion : near Mon-
tana. Jefferson : near Shenandale Springs.
R. OBTUSA (Nutt.) Britton. (Nastttrtiuni ohtusum Ntttt.).

River banks. Mason : near Point Pleasant.
R. PALusTRis (L.) Bessey. Marsh Cress. (Nasturtium palustre.
DC).

Marshy places and glades, infrequent. Webster: near
Welch Glade. Kanawha : near Charleston. Preston : near
Kingwood. Fayette: near Nuttallburg, rare (Nnttall).
Mason : near Point Pleasant, banks of the Ohio. Wood :
near Parkersburg.

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 26^

R. iiispiDA (Desv.) Britten. (A', pahistrc var. hispiaum, Gray).

Preston : near Kingwood.
R. Armoracia (L.) Hitch. Horseradish. (Nastnriium Arino-
racia Fries.).

Escaped from cultivation in many waste places and fields.
Marshall: frequent in several places where it is complained
of as a weed difficult to eradicate. Jefferson : near Shenan-
doah Junction.

CARD AMINE L.
C. PARViFLORA Linn.

On rocks. Monongalia : near Morgantown (A. B. Brooks) ;
near Uffington {Sheldon, 1366).
C. HiRsuTA L. Small Bitter Cress.

Wet places. Monongalia : Monongahela River below Mor-
gantown; above Little Falls. Marion: near Catawba and
elsewhere. Fayette : near Nuttallburg (Xnttall). Randolph :
near Pickens {H. H. Suiith, 1406). '
C. BULBosA(Schreb.)B.S.P. Spring Cress. (C.rhomboidea, DC).
Wet meadows and springy places. Preston : Cold Spring.
Monongalia : road to Cheat River beyond Easton. Wood :
Kanawha Station. Fayette: near Nuttallburg, common
{Niittall). Mercer: near Bluefield.
C. PURPUREA (Torr.)Britt. (C. rhomhoidea, var. purpurea, Torr.).
Damp places. Monongalia : near Morgantown ' (Mills-
paugh). Ohio: in a spring marsh near Wheeling {Merts,
144b). Upshur {Pollock)^
C. ROTUNDiFOLiA Michx. ]\lountain Water Cress.

Cool Springs. Preston : Cold Spring. Jefferson : Flowing
Spring. Wirt: near Burning Springs. Calhoun: Laurel
Run. Monongalia : near Morgantown. Ohio : near Wheel-
ing {Mert-, 145).
C. PRATENSis Linn.

Wet meadows. Ohio: near Wheeling (Riehordson).

C. Pennsvlvanica Muhl.

Wet places. Randolph : borders of Gandv Creek (Green-
man 374, 373) and vicinity of Horton.

DENTARIA L.

D. DipiiYLLA Michx. Pepper Root.

Common in deep, cool ravines and in the mountains.
Monongalia: Wirt: Wood: Calhoun: Lewis: Upshur: near
Buckhannon (Pollock) Jefferson : Grant : and Tucker coun-
ties. Gilmer: near Glenville (Mapel; Brozmi). Fayette:
Hawk's Nest (Porter); near Nuttallburg (Nnttall).

266 THE WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

D. HETEROPIIYLLA Xutt,

Rocky, moist places. Monongalia : near Little Falls ; oppo-
site Uffington. Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Xntfall).

D. LACINIATA Muhl.

Moist woods, frequent. Monongalia : opposite Beech-
woods and Uffington ; near Little Falls. Preston : Cold
Spring and elsewhere. Gilmer: near Glenville (Alapel).
Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nuttall). Hardy: near Moore-
field (Gamble),
var. iNTEGRiFOLiA (Schulz) Fernald.

^lonongalia : near Morgantown {Grose 3571 visa).
var. MULTIFIDA Muhl.

Rich woods. Monongalia : near Little Falls.

BURSA Weber.

B. BuRSA-pASTORis (L.) Britton. Shepherd's Purse. {Capsclla

Bnrsa-pastoris Medic).

Fields and roadsides, common throughout the State.

CAMELINA Crantz.

C. SATiVA (L.) Crantz. False Flax.

Fields and waste grounds. Mineral : near Keyser ( Wort-
man). Jefferson : near Charlestown ; near Shenandoah Jc.

C. MicROCARPA Andrz.

Waste ground. Jefferson: near Shenandoah Jc. {Mills-
paugh).

DRABA L.

D. RAMOSissiMA Desv. Whitlow Grass.

On wet cliffs. Jefferson : cliffs along Shenandoah River
between Millville and Harper's Ferry. Tucker : Cliffs near
Falls of Blackwater. Hardy : near Moorefield.
D. VERNA L. Shad Flower.

Sandy wastes and roadsides. Monongalia : banks of Falling
Run ; banks of Monongahela below Morgantown, and neai
Little Falls. Marion : near Opekiska. Fayette : near Nutt-
allburg {AUittall). Greenbrier Co.: on Kate's Mountain, alt.
3,300 ft. {Small).

STENOPHRAGMA Celak.

S. Thaliaxa (Linn.) Celak. (Sisymbrium Thalianuiii Gay).

Waste grounds. Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Niittall).

WEST VIRGINIA GKOLOGICAL SURVEY 267

ARAB IS L.

A. PATENS Sulliv.

Moist rocky places in woods. Monongalia : near Monon-
gahela River at Ufifington. Preston : Cold Spring.
A. LAEVIGATA (Muhl.), Poir.

Rocky places, fr-equent. Monongalia: near Morgantown,
and little Falls. Marion : near Catawba. Fayette : near
Nuttallburg, common (Nnttall). Lewis: (Pollock).
A. Canadensis L. Sickle-pod.

Woods, and along cool runs. Monongalia: near Gran-
ville, near Morgantown and Uffington.

A. LYRATA L.

Rocky or sandy places. Monongalia : banks near mouth
of Cheat River. Alercer : near Ingleside.

ERYSIMUM L.
E. CHEiRANTHOiDES L. Womi-secd Mustard.

Roadsides and railroad embankments. Monongalia : near
Morgantown. Jefferson : near Shenandoah Junction. Min-
eral : near Piedmont.

HESPERIS L.
PI. MATRONALis L. Damc's violet.

Escaped to waste places. Monongalia : cinders of rail-
road banks near Morgantown.

CAPPARIDACEAE.

CLEOME L.

C. SPiNOSA L. Spider Flower. C. piiugens Willd.

Escaped from farther south, at Barboursville near the
Guyandot River, Cabell countv (James). Webster: Hacker
Valley (H. H. Smith, 1737).'

DROSERACEAE.

DROSERA L.

D. ROTUNDiFOLiA L. Sundcw.

Glades. Preston : Cranberry Summit : Morgan's Glade ;
and Terra Alta (Millspaugh) ; near Aurora (Mr. & Mrs
Steele).

P O D O S T E M O N A C E AE.

PODOSTEMON Michx.
P. Ceratophyllum Michx.

"Three well marked stages, (a) an entirely sessile growth

268 THE WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

on new surfaces, (b) matted growth of previous seasons on
old surfaces, with stems an inch or two high, (c) very old
masses with stems from five to eight inches high or as long
where the current prevented an erect habit ; in the Guyandot
River below Baileysville, Wyoming ' county, alt. i,ioo ft.,
August 15, 1900. {Morris, 12 10).

C R A S S U L A C E AE.

SEDUM L.

S. PULciiELLUM Michx.

Rocky places. Jefferson: near Harper's Ferry {Gray).

S. Nevii Gray.

Dry, rocky places. Greenbrier : near White Sulphur
Springs {Mills pangh, Egglcston 4367).
S. TERNATUM Michx. Stone-crop.

On rocks in deep woods and opens. Throughout the
State.

S. TELEPIIIOIDES Michx.

Drier situations. Throughout the northern counties.
Jefferson: Harper's Ferry {Gray). Hardy: near Moore-
field {Gamble). Hampshire: near Romney.
S. Telephium, L. Live-for-ever.

Along railroad banks. Jefferson, Morgan and Berkeley
counties.

PENTHORACEAE.

PENTHORUM L.

P. SEDOiDES L. Ditch Stone-crop.

"Open wet places, and ditches. Throughout the State.
Very luxuriant specimens three feet and more high were
noted in the delta of a spring, under limestone cliffs, below
Baileysville, Wyoming county" {Morris).

PARNASSIACEAE.

PARNASSIA Linn.

P. GRANDIFLORA DC.

Wet banks. Fayette: near Kanawha Falls {Selby).
P. ASARiFOLiA Vent.

Wet places Upshur: near French Creek {A. B. Brooks).

WEST \"iRGixi.\ (;eological sur\"Ey 269

S A X I F R A G A C E AE.

ASTILBE Hamilton.

A. BiTERNATA (Vent.) Britton. Goats-beard. (A. decandraDon.).
Rich woods. Alercer : near Wills.

SAXIFRAGA L.
S. ViRGiNiENSis IMichx. Early Saxifrage.

Exposed moist rocks and opens. General throughout the
State.
S. Pennsylvanica L. Swamp Saxifrage.

Glades. Preston : jMorgan's and Terra Alta Glades.
S. micranthidifolia (Haw.) B. S. P. Lettuce Saxifrage. (S.
crosa, Pursh.).

Spring-rills in deep woods. Alonongalia : near Camp
Eden. Grant : near Bayard. Tucker : along the Blackwater.

THEROFON Raf.
T. AcoNiTiFOLiuM (Nutt.) Millsp. Prcl. Cat. Fl. W. Va., 361.
(Boykiiiia aconitifolia, Nutt.).

Creek beds. Fayette: near Nuttallburg; plentiful along
the beds of creeks at an alt. of 1,800 ft., does not extend
down these beds as far as the shores of X^ew River (alt. i.ioo
ft.). Often 3-celled, sometimes the flowers 6-parted, few
/-parted (Xuttall).

TIARELLA L.

T. coRDi FOLIA L. False Mitre- wo'-t.

Rich, moist woods. Common throughout the Alleghanic
and the foot-hills. Monongalia : near Morgantown. Gil-
mer : near Glenville {Mapel). Fayette: near Nuttallburg
{Nuttall). Greenbrier: near White Sulphur Springs. Mc-
Dowell: near Elkhorn. Mercer: near liluestonc Jc. (Mills-
patigh). Upshur: near Buckhannon (Pollock).

AHTELLA L.

M. DiPHYLLA L. Mitre-wort. Bishop's Cap.

Rich, shady woods. Common throughout the State.

CHRYSOSPLENIUAI Linn.
C. A^[ERiCANUM Schwein.

In damp, shady situations. Monongalia : near Richard
(Sheldon, 4279).

270 Tllli VVKSr XIRGINIA I'l.OKA

HEUCHERA L.
H. viLLosA Alichx.

Rocky places. Fayette: Kanawha Falls (James): Loup
Creek {James). Nuttallburg {NtittaU) ; above Gauley
Bridge and at Gauley Junction {Egglestoii, 5534, 5541),
near Hawks Nest (Holton); Kanawha: near Coalburg
(James).
H. Americana L. Alum-root.

Rich, damp woods. Monongalia : near Morgantown, and
frequent elsewhere. Gilmer: near Glenville (Mapel). Fay-
ette: near Nuttallburg (Nuttall). Greenbrier: near White
Sulphur Springs. Grant : near Bayard. Tucker : near Davis.
Hampshire: near Romney. Ohio: near Wheeling (Merts,
859). Upshur: near Buckhannon (Pollock).
H. PARviFLORA Bartl. (H. Rugelii, Shuttlw.).

Shaded cliffs. Fayette: near Nuttallburg, common (Nutt-
all).
H. PUBESCENS Pursh.

Rich, deep woods. Randolph: near Durbin (Grccnman
376).

HYDRANGEA L.
H. ARBORESCENS L. Wild Hydrangea.

Rich opens. Monongalia : near Morgantown. Marion :
Opekiska. Wood : near Kanawha Station. Wirt : near
Burning Springs. Gilmer: near Glenville (Mapel). Lewis:
along Stone Coal Creek. Throughout the above range the
flowers were all fertile. Fayette : near Hawk's Nest
(James) ; near Kanawha Falls (James) ; near Nuttallburg
(Nuttall). Randolph: at Pickens (H. H. Smith, 1391).
Preston: near Aurora (Mr. & Mrs. Steele).

A form with grass-green marginal radiant flowers, in a
deep ravine in Fayette : near Nuttallburg.
Var. KANAWiiANA Millsp. Prel. Cat. Fl. W. Va., 363.

Low straggling bush, leaves small, paler beneath, acu-
minate, somewhat cordate at the base ; cymes very open and
branching, marginal radiant flowers many, i in. broad, fertile
flowers nearly glabrous, smaller than in the species. Along
the Little Kanawha River from Kanawha Station to Glen-
ville.

G R O S S U L A R I A C E AE.

RIBES L.
R. Cynosbati L. Prickly Gooseberry.

Deep rocky woods. Randolpli : along Cheat River, alt.

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 2/]

3,360 ft. ; Point Mountain, alt. 3,700 ft. ; Rich A^Iountain, alt.
2,700. Grant : near Bayard. Preston : near Terra Alta
{Millspangh) ; near Aurora {Mr. & Mrs. Steele). Upshur:
near Buckhannon {Pollock). Pendleton: branch of Two
Spring Creek above Horton {Greeninan, 139) ; and frequent
throughout the northern and eastern counties. Hardy : near
Moorefield { Mills paugh). Nicholas: at Richwood {H. H.
Smith, 1743)-

R. ROTUNDiFOLiuM Michx. Smoolh Gooseberry.

Rich, cool, mountain woods, with the last, frequent {Mills-
paiigh). Pendleton: on Spruce Knob; and Pocahontas: at
Durbin {Greenman 140, 141).

R. PROSTRATUM L'Hcr.

Pocahontas: summit of Spruce Knob, alt. 4,800 ft. {Mills-
paiigh). Pendleton: west slope of Spruce Knob {Green-
man, 142) {Hopkins).

R. FLORiDUM L'Her. Wild Black Currant.

Rich woods. Randolph : near Beverly. Grant : near Bay-
ard. Preston : near Terra Alta. Fayette : near Xuttallburg
{Nuttall). Ohio: near Wheeling {Mertc, 829).

PI A M A M E L I D A C E AE.

HAMAMELIS L.
H. A'iRGiNiANA L. Witch-hazel.

Common in damp woods throughout the State.

LIOUIDAMBAR L.
L. STYRAciFLUA L. Swcct-gum. Alligator-wood.

Rich woods. The distribution of this species in the State
according to my notes of travel is, from east to west, as
follows : Beginning near the source of Peter Creek, in Nich-
olas county, it follows that stream to its junction with the
Gauley River, down this to its confluence with the New
River to form the Great Kanawha, which latter it follows
to the mouth of Elk River, whence it bears northward up
Eight Mile Creek to the Pocotaligo and its ^Middle Fork,
across to Mill Creek in Jackson, which it follows to the Ohio.

It is also noted in Gilmer: near GlenviHe {Mapel). Fay-
ette: near Kanawha Falls {Jonics) ; near Nuttallburg {I^titt-
all). . Cabell: near Huntington {Sclby). I have also met
with it in Summers : near Hinton ; and along the Greenbrier
River in that countv.

2^2 Tin-: W1£ST \IRGINIA FLORA

P L A T A N A C E AE.

PLATANUS L.
P. OCCIDENTAL! s L. Sycamore. Button wood.

All soils. Wood : at the mouth of the Little Kanawha
(MicJiaii.v). Common throus^hout the State.

ROSACE AE.

OPULASTER ^ledic.
(Physocorpa Raf. 1836.)
O. OPULiFOLius (L.) Kuntze. Nine-hark (Pliysocarpa opuli-
folia Raf.).

Along- streams, common. jMonongalia : along- the Monon-
gahela River. Webster : Upper Glade. Eayette : near Nutt-
allburg {Niittall). Hardy: near Aloorefield. Upshur: near
Buckdiannon (Pollock).

SPIRAEA L.
S. CORYMBOSA Raf. Birch-leaved Meadow-sweet. {S. bctiiH-
folia Pall.).

Rich mountain woods. Webster : near Upper Glade.
Hardy: near Aloorefield (Gamble).
S. ViRGiNiANA Britt. West Virginia Meadow-sweet.

Discovered 1890 along the Monongahela River near Mor-
gantown. The following description is taken from Prof
Britton's account of the plant in "Bull. Torrey Club," Dec.
i8go.

"A glabrous shrub, the branches forming long wands,
erect or reclining, 1-4 ft. long. Leaves oblong or slightly
oblanceolate, thin, obtuse or short-pointed at the apex, roimd-
ed or cuneate at the base, 13/2 to 2 in. long, 5-8 lines wide,
green above, pale beneath, entire or with a few low serration?
in the upper half; petioles 2 lines long; pedicels and pedun-
cles pale and glaucous ; flowers about 2-lines broad, in term-
inal compound corymbs 1-3 in. across; calyx teeth 5, tri-
angular, blunt, about the length of the short-canipanulate
tube, distinctly glaucous ; petals 5, white, ovate-orbicular,
obtuse; stamens 15-20, persistent; styles 5-6; follicles in the
specimens examined, 5-6, apparentlv sterile, included in the
persistent calyx."

"On damp rocks along the T^Ionongahela Rivei«, Morgan-
town, W est Virginia, collected by Dr. C. E. AL'llspaugh in
]lower, June 20th, 1890, and in apparently imperfect fruit

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 2/3

late in September. Collected also by Mr. G. R. Vasey in the
mountains of North Carolina, 1878."

''Spiraea hctulaefolia, Pall, and vS". corymbosa, Raf., have
much longer follicles exserted beyond the calyx, broader,
thicker, and dentate leaves, and are different in habit. Ra-
finesque published a number of species in his New Flora, but
none of them can apply to this one."

Upshur: near Buckhannon (Pollock).
S. SALiciFOLiA Linn. Queen of the Prairie.

Meadows. Monongalia : near Morgantown. Preston :
near Terra Alta (MillspaugJi) ; near Aurora (Mr. & Airs.
Steele). Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nuftall). Forming a
hedge along a woodland swamp between Harvey and Trap
Hill, Raleigh county (Morris). Upshur: near Buckhannon
(Pollock). Randolph: at Elkins (Greenuian, 189).
S. TOMENTOSA L. Hardback. Steeple-bush.

Low grounds. Webster : Welch Glade. Wood : near
Lockhart's Run. Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nuttall). Ran-
dolph: in a pasture at Elkins (Greennian, 188).

ARUNCUS Adans.
A. Aruncus L. Goat's Beard. (Spiraea Aruncus L,.).

Rich ground and along streams. Monongalia : near Mor-
gantown, Uffington, Little Falls, Day Creek and Granville
along the Monongahela. Randolph : along Middle Fork, on
Rich Mountains, alt. 2,125 ft. Gilmer: near Glenville (Ma-
pel).

PORTERANTHUS Britton (1894).
(Gilienia, Moench. 1802 not Adans 1763.)
P. TRiFOLiATUS ( L. ) Britton. Bowman's Root. Indian Physic.
(Gilienia trifoliata Moen.).

Rich woods, f recjuent. Webster : Welch and Long Glades.
Monongalia : along the Monongahela River from, Little Falls
to Beech Woods. Mineral: near Keyser (Wortman). Sum-
mers: near Hinton. Hardy: near Moorefield (Gamble).
Mercer : near Ingleside. Greenbrier Co., on Kate's Mountain,
alt. 3,300 ft. (Small; Eggleston, 43^2).
P. STiPULATUS (Muhl.), Britton. American Ipecac. (Gilienia
stipulacea Nutt.).

Borders of woods. Wood : between Kanawha Station and
Lockhart's Run.

RUBUS L.
R. Americanus (Pers.) Britton. (R. trifloroiis Rich.).

Open places. Preston: at Craneville Glade (Rtimsey).

274 THE WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

R. ODORATUS L. Purple-flowering Raspberry. Thimble-berry.
Damp rock) places. Monongalia : near Little Falls. Grant :
near Bayard. Randolph : near Crickard P. O. Fayette : nea:
Kanawha Falls {James) ; near Nuttallburg (Nuttall). Pres-
ton: near Aurora (Mr. & Mrs. Steele). Summers: near
Hinton. Hardy : near Moorefield (Gamble). Upshur : near
Buckhannon (Pollock).
R. CoLUMBiANUS (Millsp.) Rydb.

Leaves ample, 5-7-incised, divisions oblong-lanceolate long
and taper pointed, sharply and mostly double serrate. Inflor-
escence smaller, more compact and the fruit smaller than in
the previous species and of a more decided musky taste.
Monongalia: cool woods, libbs Run.
R. STRiGOSUS Michx. Wild Red Raspberry.

Thickets Fayette: near Nuttallburg, not plentiful (Nutt-
all). Pocahontas: Spruce Mountain (Hopkins).
R. occiDENTALis L. Black Raspberry,

Frequent throughout the State.
R. NiGROBAccus Bailey. High Blackberry. (R. vUlosiis of Flora.)

Common everywhere in the State.
R. ARGUTUS Link, fide Rydberg.

Roadsides, Randolph: near Pickens (H. H. Smith, 1384).
R. Baileyanus Britton. (R. villosus hnmifusus T. & G.).

Woods and river banks. Favetle : near Nuttallburg (Nutt-
all).
Var. FRONDOSUS Bigel.

Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nuttall). Preston: near Tun-
nellton
R. MiLLSPAUGHii Britt.

This species was described in "The Bulletin of the Torry
Club" for 1 89 1, page 366, as follows :

"Ascending, wand-like, entirely unarmed or with a very
few wea'k prickles above, glabrous throughout or the young-
er shoots scurfy pubescent. Stems one and one-half to four
meters long; leaves long petioled, pedately 5-foliate or some
of those one the twigs 3-foliate ; leaflets thin, oval, glabrous
on both sides, long-acuminate at the apex, mostly rounded
at the base, 12-15 cm. long, about 5 cm. wide, sharply, but
not deeply serrate; stock of the terminal leaflet 7-10 cm,
long ; inflorescence loosely racemose ; bracts linear-lanceolate ;
acuminate ; fruit black, about 10 mm. long."

"Nearest to R. villosus, but evidently a distinct species.
Curiously enough there is a leaf of this species glued down
on the sheet of R. Canadensis, L in herb Linn., and it ap-
pears to have been included in his description of that species
— the specimens furnished by Kalm."

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 2/5

Near the summit of Point Mountain in Randolph county
at an altitude of 3,500 ft., also along the Gandy in great pro-
fusion. Pendleton and Pocahontas : on Little Rich Moun-
tains abundant. The mountaineers claim that it is upon this
species that the bears grow fat for their period of hiberna-
tion, the fruit being late to ripen and very nutritious.

Mr. John K. Small remarks in his Studies of Botany of
the Southeastern United States, Bull Torr. Club, 21 :i9
(1894) in reporting this species: "Grows on the walls of
the canon at Tallulah Falls, Ga. Collected in flower in April,
1893; alt. 1,600 ft. This most likely locates the southern
limit of the geographical range of R. Millspaughii. Being a
typical high mountain species, it is not to be expected much
below 1,600 feet, and just south of the above-mentioned lo-
cality the Blue Ridge 'runs out' into the plains. Further
south the land decreases gradually in altitude until the gulf
is reached. According to my observations the above plant
thrives most vigorously at altitudes ranging from 4,500 to
6,000 ft. It grows well at lower elevations, but never in such
a prolific manner." Mr. Small and Anna M. Vail also give
in their "Report of the Botanical Explorations of South-
western Virginia, 1892," the following additional localities
for this species : "Above Fox Creek, on Pine ]\lountain in
deep woods, alt. 3,000 ft. Summit and slopes of Mt. Rodgers,
alt. 4,000 to 5,719 ft. Summit of White Top Mountain, alt.
5,678 ft. Slopes and summit of White Rock Mountain, alt.
3,000 to 4,400 ft."

The species was also collected by Mr. T. H. Kearney, Jr.,
at the summit of Thunderhead (about 6,500 ft.), and on
Chilhowee Mountain (at about 1,500 ft.), in Blount Co.,
Tennessee. Reports of the collection of the species in the
mountains of North Carolina, New Hampshire, and northern
Michigan have been made.

The species is reported as common in thickets at Wilton
and Southport, Maine (Fernald), and at Deering, Maine
(BlankinsJiip).
R. Canadensis L. Dewberry.

Abundant on dry hillsides throughout the State.
R. Allegheniensis Porter. Leucretia Dewberry. (R. Canaden-
sis roribaccus Bailey).

Dry hillsides. Randolph : near Beverly.

This new variety of the species is described by Prof.
Bailey in the American Garden, November, 1890, as follows :
"Plant larger and stronger; leaflets broad below, usually tri-
angular-ovate, doubly serrate with small teeth, and more or
less notched and jagged; peduncles longer, straighter and

276 THE WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

Stouter, liabituously more numerous and more conspicuously
overtopping the leaves; flowers very large (sometimes two
inches across) ; sepals uniformly larger, some of them much
prolonged and leaf-like and conspicuously lobed (sometimes
becoming an inch long and wide) ; fruit much larger."
R. HiSPiDUS L. Running Swamp-Blackberry.

Glade regions of Preston. Randolph and Webster coun-
ties. Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nnttall).
R. TRiviALis Michx. Low Bush-blackberry.

Sandy soil. Kanawha: near Charleston (Jaii'cs).

DALIBARDA L.

D. REPENS L.

Deep mountain woods. Grant : near Bayard. Tucker :
along Blackwater Fork of Cheat (Millspaitgli). Preston:
near Aurora {Mr. & Mrs. Steele).

DRY.MOCALLIS Fourr.
D. ^RGUTA (Pursh.) Rydb. {Potentilla argnta Pursh.).

Dry situations. Upshur: near French Creek {A. B.
Brooks).

FRAGARIA L.

F. ViRGiNiANA Duches. Wild Strawberry.

Moist woodlands and fields, common. ^Monongalia : near
Morgantown (Brozvn). Gilmer: near Glenville (Mapel)
Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nnttall). Hardy: near Moore-
field (Gamble).
F. \ESCA L. Northern Wild Strawberry.

Shady woods, less common than the last. Kanawha : neai
Charleston {James). Fayette: near Nuttallburg {Nuttall).

DUCHESNEA J. E. Smith.
D. Indica (Andr.) Focke. Indian Strawberry. {Fragaria In-
dica Andr.).

Escaped to waste places. Monongalia : near Morgantown.
Kanawha: near Charleston {Barnes, Coulter, C. L. Brooks).

ULMARIA Hill.
U. RUBRA Hill. (Spiraea lohafa Gronov.).

Escaped and established near Pickens, Randolph County
{H. H. Smithy I S42).
U. Ulmaria (L.) Barnhart. {Spiraea Ulmaria Linn.).

Escaped and established near Pickens, Randolph County
(H. H. Smith, 1543).

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 2"]'/

POTENTILLA L.

P. MoNSPELiENSis L. {P. Norvcgica L.)-

Fields and wet places. Wood : near Kanawha Station.
Monongalia : near Morgantown. Grant : near Bayard. Fay-
ette : near Nuttallburg' rare {Nuttall). Tucker: near Davis,
Randolph: near Pickens {H. H. Smith, 1365).
P. Canadensis L. Cinquefoil.

Dry fields, an abundant weed throughout the State.
Far. SIMPLEX (Michx.) T. & G.

Dry fields. Ohio: near Wheeling {Merts & Gutteiiberg).
P. suLPHUREA Lam. (P. recta Am. Auth.).

Found growing in abundance in a meadow near South
Fairmont, Marion County {Boutlou).

WALDSTEINIA Willd.
W. FRAGARioiDES (Michx.) Tratt. Barren Strawberry.

Wooded hillsides. Grant : near Bayard. Greenbrier : near
White Sulphur Springs (Heller, 830).

GEUM L.
G. RiVALE Linn.

In swampy places. Preston : in "Pine Swamp" near
Cranesville (A. B Brooks).
G. Canadense Jacq. (G. a/^M;» Gmel.).

Woods and thickets. Calhoun, Wood, Grant, Mineral, and
Monongalia Counties. Fayette : near . Kanawha Falls
{James) ; near Nuttallburg (Nuttall). Summers: near Hin-
ton (Mills pan gh). Webster: on Tater Knob (H. H. Smith,
^477)-

G. ViRGINIANUM L.

Borders of woods and low grounds. Wood, Wirt, Cal-
houn, Gilmer, Marion, Lewis, Monongalia, and Jefferson
Counties. Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nuttall)
G. FLAVUM (Porter) Bicknell.

Along Madam Creek opposite Hinton, Summers County,
alt. 1,500 ft., July 9, 1900 (Morris, 965) ; along the Guyandot
River below Baileysville, Wyoming County, alt. 1,250 ft.,
August 15, 1900 (Morris, 1218).
G. VERNUM (Raf.) T. & G.

Moist places. Monongalia : near Morgantown, Little
Falls. Marion : near Opekiska.

AGRIMONIA L.
A. HiRSUTA (Muhl.) Bicknell. (A. Eupatoria of Flora).

Borders of woods, frequent throughout the State. In a

278 THE WEST VIRGINIA FLORA

thicket about a spring near Kegley, Mercer County, alt. 2,100
ft., July 21, 1900 (Morris, 1042). Preston: near Aurora
(Mr. & Mrs. Steele).
A. PARViFLORA Soland.

Woods and glades. Randolph : on Lone Sugar Knob.
Preston : near Terra Alta. Webster : Long Glade. Nicholas :
Collett's Glade. Tucker : near Davis. Fayette : near Nuttall-
burg, alt. 2,000 ft. (Niittall). Summers: near Hinton.
Monroe : near Alderson.
A. Brittoniana Bicknell.

Dry, open field. Webster : summit of Lone Tree Knob
(Millspaugh, 450).
A. GRYPOSEPALA Wallr.

Dry situations: Randolph: at Ford's (Millspaugh, 425).
A. MOLLIS (T. & G.) Britton.

Dry woods and thickets. Preston: near Aurora (Mr. &
Mrs. Steele).
A. STRIATA Michx.

Dry woods. Randolph: summit of Rich Mountain (Mills-
paugh, 450). Pocahontas: valley of the East Fork of the
Greenbrier River (Greenman, 137).

SANGUISORBA L.

S. Canadensis L. Burnet. (Poteriuni Cauadense Gray).

Rich, moist woods. Randolph : along Cheat River.
Tucker : along Blackwater Fork of Cheat. Monongalia :
Cheat River near Camp Eden. Preston : Terra Alta (Mills-
paugh) ; at Read (Greenman, 171).

ROSA L.

R. SETIGERA Michx.

Escaped and established commonly about Fairmont, Ma-
rion County (Boutlou).
R. Carolina L Carolina Rose.

Damp places. Wood : near Kanawha Station, profuse.
. L'pshur : near Buckhannon. Webster : Long Glade. Ran-
dolph ; meadows along Tygart's Valley River. Fayette : near
Nuttallburg (Nuttall).
R. HUMiLis Marsh. Dwarf Wild Rose.

Dry soils. Wood : near Kanawha Station. Monongalia :
near Ufifington and Beechwoods. Gilmer: near Glenville
(Mapel). Fayette : near Nuttallburg (A/'m^^q//). Summers:
near Hinton.
R. LuciDA (Ehrh.) Larger Wild Rose.

Shaded hillsides. Kanawha : near Charleston (J antes ^

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 279

Barnes). jMonongalia : plentiful along Cheat River above
Camp Eden. Fayette: Kanawha Falls (James).

R. RUGOSA Thunb.

Established at Morgantown, Monongalia County (Shel-
don).

R. RUBiGiNOSA L. Sweet-brier. Eglantine.

Frequent along roadsides and thickets. Nicholas : along
Gauley River. Randolph : Staunton Pike on Cheat Moun-
tains. Summers : near Hinton. Monongalia : near Ice's
Ferry.

R. CANINA L.

Rocky Banks. Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nnttall).

POMACE AE.

SORBUS L. "

S. Americana Alarsh. Mountain Ash. (Pyrus Americana DC).

Damp mountain woods. Randolph : near Cheat Bridge.

Grant : near Bayard. Tucker : near Davis ; and along the

Blackwater. Preston: near Aurora (Mr. & Mrs. Steele).

Pendleton: on Spruce Knob (Greenman, 148).

MALUS Hill.
M. CORONARIA (L.) Mill. Wild Crabapple. (Pyrus coronaria L.).
Opens and damp places. Monongalia : frequent about
Morgantown. Marion : along the Monongalia River. Gil-
mer : near Glenville (Mapel). Upshur: near Buckhannon
(Pollock). Pocahontas: near Travelers Repose (Greenman,
170). Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nnttall). Mercer: near
Beaver vSpr. Greenbrier : near White Sulphur Springs
(Eggleston, 4324, 4369)-
M. ANGUSTiFOLiA (Ait.) Michx. Narrow-leaved Crab. (Pyrus
angustifolia Ait.).

Glady regions of Preston, Webster and Nicholas Counties
(Millspattgh). Pocahontas: near Durbin (Greenman, 143).
M. glaucescens Rehder.

Greenbrier: near White Sulphur Springs (Eggleston 4323,
4363). Summers: near Hinton (Eggleston, 5571).

ARONIA Medic.
A. ARBUTiFOLiA (L.) Mcdic. Choke Berry. (Pyrus arbuti-
folia L.).

Damp places. Webster : Upper Glade. Preston : near
Terra Alta. Nicholas : Collett's Glade. Fayette : near Nutt-

28o THE WEST \TKGINIA FLORA

allbur^", alt. 2,000 ft. (Nuttall). Upshur: near Buckhannon
(Pollock).
A. NIGRA (Willd.) Britten. (P. arbuiifolia uiclanocarpa Alichx.)
Preston : Reedsville Glade ; Morgans' Glade. Webster :
Upper and Welch Glades.

AMELANCHIER Aledic.
A. Canadensis (L.) Medic. Shad Bush. June Berry.

Common generally, even in the higher mountains.
A. Botryapium (L.f.) U.C. {A. canadensis oblongifoliaT. & G.)

Open woodlands. Preston: near Reedsville {Runisey).

CRATAEGUS L.
C. amara Ashe.

Summers: near Hinton (Eggleston, 5578, 5592).
C. RoANENSis Ashe.

Summers: near Hinton {Eggleston, 5572, 5588). Hamp-
shire: near Romney (Brooks).
C. Margaretta Ashe. (C. Broumii Britton).

Greenbrier : near White Sulphur Springs (Eggleston,
4^iy-2i, 4326, 4329, 4362, 4368) ; on Kate's Mountain
(Small). Fayette: near Thurmond (Eggleston, 5555-6,
5559' 5561)- Summers: near Hinton (Eggleston, with red
fruit 5582, with yellow 5583; 5589).
C. straminea Beadle.

Greenbrier : near White Sulphur Springs (Eggleston 4322,
4330, 4370). Summers : near Hinton (Eggleston 5563, 5570).
C. pruinosa (Wendl.) K. Koch.

Greenbrier: near White Sulphur Springs (Eggleston 4327,
4372). Summers: near Hinton (Eggleston, 5586).
C. succulenta Schrad. (C. macrantha Lodd.)

Greenbrier: near White Sulphur Springs (Eggleston 4328,
4371). Summers: near Hinton (Eggleston, 5593).
C. MACROSPERMA Ashc. forma.

Greenbrier : about the base of Kate's Mountain near White
Sulphur Springs (Eggleston, 4332). Monongalia: near
Morgantown ( Brooks) .
C. PAusiACA Ashe.

Upshur: near Buckhannon (Brooks).
C. FOETiDA Ashe.

Grant: along Abram Creek (Brooks).
C. HoLMESiANA Ashe.

Monongalia: near Morgantown (Brooks).

C. SPATHULATA Michx.

Rocky woods. Mercer : near Beaver Spring, and Wills.
McDowell : near Elkhorn.

WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 281

C. CORDATA (Mill.) Ait.

Rocky mountain woods, fiercer : near Beaver Spring,
Ada, and Ingleside.

C. OXYACANTHA L.

River banks. Fayette: near Nuttallburg (Nuttall).
C. APiiFOLiA (Marsh.) Michx.

Rocky woods. Mercer : near Ingleside and at Beaver
Spring.
C. cocciNEA L. Sc